Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Autophagy, But Not Proteolysis, May Aid In Muscle Protein Synthesis, Megan H. Lewis, Patrick J. Ryan, Sean T. Stanelle, Colleen L. O'Reilly, Jessica M. Cardin, James D. Fluckey

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

For muscle growth to occur, protein synthesis must be greater than protein degradation. However, up to this point, anabolic pathways have garnered the brunt of investigations examining anabolic capacity with little investigation into the connectedness of catabolic signaling on these anabolic targets. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the contributions of proteasomal-dependent and autophagic-dependent catabolic pathways on anabolism via analysis of fractional synthetic rates (FSR) in L6 myotubes. METHODS: Differentiated, cultured L6 myoblasts were treated with media containing 4% deuterium oxide (stable isotope label) and a corresponding pharmacological treatment (NSC 185058 [autophagic inhibitor; 100 μM], …

Athlete Perceptions Of Flavored, Menthol-Enhanced Energy Gels Ingested Prior To Running In The Heat, Roxanne M. Vogel, Christopher J. Stevens, Christian Swann, Megan L. Ross

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Thermal perception during exercise is known to influence endurance performance and the onset of fatigue. L-menthol, an organic compound derived from peppermint, evokes a cooling sensation through its action on TRPM8 channels which also respond to cold stimuli. Recent work identified that the internal application of menthol-enhanced fluids can be ergogenic during exercise in the heat. Hence, the addition of menthol to energy gels may be practical and beneficial for athletes. PURPOSE: To determine athlete acceptability and preferences for flavored energy gels with different menthol concentrations. METHODS: With a randomized, crossover, and double-blind placebo-controlled design, 27 endurance athletes …

Postprandial Hemodynamics In Hispanics With And Without A Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes, Gabriel Figueroa, Yu L. Tai, Jaime Rodriguez, Alexandro Rodriguez, Smaran Marupadi, Javier Ybarra, Ryan D. Russell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Hispanics of the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) have the highest rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the country, conditions often associated with cardiovascular disease and increased mortality. We have previously shown that healthy people with a family history of T2D (FH+) display divergent central and peripheral hemodynamic responses postprandially vs those with no family history (FH-). Why these differences exist is unknown. PURPOSE: To identify physiological factors affecting postprandial hemodynamic responses differently between FH+ and FH- groups. METHODS: Thirty-five healthy Hispanic individuals volunteered in this study, including 17 participants with a family history of T2D …

Difference In Rate Of Perceived Exertion Between Cluster- And Traditional-Set Lower Body Resistance Training, Kayleigh M. Abbott, Tyler Frank, Kenneth Bowen, Andrew A. Wolfe, Micheal Luera, Matt Laurent

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Training variation is an integral part of strength and conditioning programming as it stimulates recovery, various adaptations, enhances athletic performance outcomes, while avoiding overtraining. The structure of set and repetition prescription is often varied to achieve desired adaptive outcomes. Cluster-set (CL), or rest-pause set, training is a method utilized to change the traditional-set (TS) and repetition structure by interrupting the repetitions with a 10-30s rest interval. Results from previous reports describe CL training as optimal for increasing training volume, lift quality, and achieves similar hormonal responses when compared to TS training. However, no studies have examined differences in perceived exertion …

Lower Extremity Muscle Activity When Walking On A Non-Motorized Treadmill, Carl P. Shaulis, Sam I. Anderson, Riley A. Barlage, Scott P. Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Effective interventions for increasing walking speed are important for improving health and quality of life in aging populations. Non-motorized treadmills (NMT) may enhance the ability to develop or improve motor control in gait by requiring the participant to produce and maintain speed as compared to use of a motorized treadmill (MT) which requires one to simply match speed. PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to compare muscle activation patterns of lower extremity muscles between MT, NMT and overground (OG) walking. METHODS: Twenty healthy adults (24.4±7.2 yrs, 1.75±0.09 m, 75.4±13.1 kg) completed one trial of walking at each …

Body Composition Estimation In Youth Athletes: Agreement Between Two-Component Methods, Patrick S. Harty, Abby Ambrosius, Christopher Dodge, Brandon Merfeld, Chinguun Khurelbaatar, Makenna Carpenter, Madelin Siedler, Matthew Stratton, Christian Rodriguez, Jacob Green, Dale Keith, Jake Boykin, Andrew R. Jagim, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Body composition techniques such as skinfold measurements, air displacement plethysmography, and underwater weighing are commonly performed in athletic populations, particularly in youth athletes who may not have access to other laboratory methods. However, little is known whether such body composition estimates can be directly compared across techniques. PURPOSE: To determine the agreement between common two-component (2C) body composition techniques. METHODS: 90 youth athletes (Males: 39; Females: 51; Age: 18.2 ± 2.4 years; Height: 172.0 ± 9.9 cm; Body Mass: 69.0 ± 12.5 kg; Underwater Weighing [UWW] Body Fat Percentage [%BF]: 20.2 ± 7.0%) participated in this study. 2C …

An Evaluation Of Static And Dynamic Yoga Training Programs, Garett Petty, Tomas Chapman-Lopez, Jose M. Moris, Claire Timon, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While traditional yoga programs focus on static stretching and core stability, Essentrics yoga relies more heavily on full-body stretch and strengthening regiments coupled with dynamic movements such as ceiling reaches, side-to-side bends, lunges, and side leg lifts. Through the incorporation of more dynamic movements, Essentrics yoga is thought to elicit greater improvements in overall body composition, flexibility, and balance. PURPOSE: To examine the benefits of a 6-weeks long Essentrics (dynamic) program compared to standard (static) Yoga on body composition, flexibility, and balance. METHODS: Thirty-one participants (24 females and 7 males, age = 20.4 ± 0.2yrs, and BMI = 22.58 ± …

Sex-Specific Difference Of Functional Movement Screening Scores Among Rodeo Athletes, Jessie Ramirez, Andrew A. Wolfe, Andrea Green, Meghan Younger, Gillian Braden, Justin Stanley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Faulty movement patterns, especially in elite athletes, can lead to neuromuscular imbalances. Rodeo is an example of an injury prone sport that requires optimal muscular synergy, endurance, strength, and limb flexibility to succeed in rodeo performance. The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test has shown validity in identifying various neuromuscular imbalances, and subsequently, scientific findings support the FMS threshold score (less ≤ 14) as valid for injury risk screening in collision and team sports, firefighters, and the tactical professions. If an athlete has a composite score of 14 or less in conjunction with a previous injury, they are 15 times more …

A Pilot Study Examining The Effect Of Dynamic Warm-Up Utilization On Rodeo Performance Of College Breakaway Ropers, Tyler Frank

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Pre-competition dynamic warm up participation has exemplified significant improvements in sport performance and decreased risk of injury for high velocity, high impact sports. Rodeo is recognized as a high velocity/intensity sports with great risk of impact and non-impact related injuries. However, no research has investigated the effect of pre-competition warm up utilization of the performance of rodeo athletes. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of the current research examination was to evaluate the efficacy of per-competition dynamic warm up participation for rodeo athletes. METHODS: Seven collegiate rodeo females, competing as Breakaway Ropers, were selected at participants for the current …

Cortical Activity Measured With Low-Intensity Fatiguing Contractions Of The Quadriceps Muscle Group, Emma D. Bozarth, Lyric D. Richardson, Amy E. Riera, Micheal J. Luera, Amber H. Bozer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Modulation of force production required during exercise is regulated from various mechanisms in the central and peripheral nervous system. Fatigue is influenced by various mechanics that may hinder the ability to continuously sustain force production. The neural activation patterns of these systems can be recorded as electrical impulses using several non-invasive techniques. The ability to examine these during fatiguing exercise has provided further insight into activation patterns in the central nervous system (i.e., motor and pre-motor cortex) during sustained muscle contractions. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been recently utilized to examine changes associated with central fatigue, but limited advancements in technology for …

Effects Of Low-Intensity Fatigue On Motor Unit Firing Properties During Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions, Lyric Richardson, Amy Riera, Emma Bozarth, Micheal Luera

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Rehabilitation from injuries impairing the neuromuscular system is often difficult to quantify due to task specificity of the affected or immobilized limb or limbs. Often, exercise regimens with clinical practitioners are designed to progress motor performance to a capacity that reflects muscle force production to pre-injury capacity. Modulation of force production from these tasks are regulated from various mechanism in the central and peripheral nervous system. The neural activation of these systems can be recorded as electrical impulses using several non-invasive techniques. Recently, the ability to examine these during fatiguing exercise has provided further insight into activation patterns and firing …

Associations Of Changes In Body Composition And Athletic Performance In Collegiate American Football Players, Jake Boykin, Dale Kieth, Christine Harrison, Javier A. Zaragoza, Jessica Prather, Matthias Tinnin, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Football practitioners ubiquitously employ offseason resistance training to improve on-field performance. Early offseason training is frequently designed to emphasize accretion of lean and total body mass. While this is a main objective of sport-specific conditioning, there are few investigations comparing correlated changes in body composition, maximal strength, and football-specific performance tests after an early-offseason training program. PURPOSE: The purpose of this analysis was to quantify the relationship between changes in athletic performance and body composition in collegiate American football players. METHODS: Before and after a 7-week offseason training program, body composition and athletic performance were assessed in NCAA Division III …

Relationship Between Changes In Upper Body Fat-Free Mass And Bench Press Performance In American Football Players, Dale S. Keith, Jake R. Boykin, Christine M. Harrison, Javier A. Zaragoza, Jessica Prather, Matthias Tinnin, Lem W. Taylor, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Horizontal pushing strength and strength endurance are relevant attributes for blocking and block shedding in American football. Since most positions in American football require the ability to either block or shed a block, and since bench press repetitions to failure (RTF) with 225 pounds is a component of the NFL draft combine, improving horizontal pushing strength and strength endurance have been key areas of emphasis for strength and conditioning coaches working with these athletes. PURPOSE: The purpose of this analysis was to quantify the relationship between changes in upper body fat-free mass (FFM) and metrics of bench press performance …

Cardiorespiratory Coordination Among Intermediate And Novice Female Collegiate Rowers, Zoey Jackson, Michelle Etchebaster, Paula Gutiérrez, Gemma Hernández, Sergi G. Retortillo, Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Elite rowers present high levels of cardiorespiratory performance. Rowers’ on-water performance can be predicted by a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and related measured parameters such as maximum oxygen uptake test (VO2max), ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), expired fraction of oxygen (FeO2) and carbon dioxide (FeCO2). However, such testing provides little information about the non-linear dynamic interactions during rowing and the qualitative synergetic reconfigurations between cardiovascular and respiratory systems to adjust to the individual rowing performance. Cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC) has been proposed as a method to measure the co-variation among cardiorespiratory variables during a CPET. PURPOSE: To measure and compare …

Exploring Physical Fitness Profile Of College Students Through Principal Component Analysis: A Case Study, Alejandra Rincon Cortes, Melissa Dorvily, Zoey Jackson, Michelle Etchebaster, Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Universities offer lifetime physical fitness (PF) courses and organize health fairs to keep their students physically fit. Despite these efforts, only 49.9% of US students meeting the National Guidelines for physical activity, reporting low fitness levels, as evaluated by the respective scores of the five fitness components. Fitness evaluation though is a time-consuming process and students’ time constrains have been postulated as reasons for lack of participation, motivation, and involvement. PURPOSE: Since time availability may influence students’ participation in a battery of fitness testing for evaluating their PF levels, this study aimed through principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the …

Assessment Of Youth Athlete Body Composition Using Bioimpedance Techniques As Compared To A Three-Compartment Model, Jacob J. Green, Abby Ambrosius, Christopher Dodge, Brandon Merfeld, Chinguun Khurelbaatar, Makenna Carpenter, Patrick Harty, Christian Rodriguez, Madelin Siedler, Matthew Stratton, Dale Keith, Jake Boykin, Andrew R. Jagim, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Body composition is believed to contribute to success in many sports. For this reason, assessment of body composition with various devices is commonly performed. The agreement between devices warrants exploration, particularly in groups with limited data, such as youth athletes. PURPOSE: To determine the agreement between a 3-compartment model (3C) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices for assessing body composition in youth athletes. METHODS: The body composition of 90 youth athletes was evaluated (51 F, 39 M; age: 18.2±2.4 y; body mass: 69.0±12.5 kg; height: 172.0±9.9 cm; BMI: 23.2±3.2 kg/m², BF%: 19.7±6.9%). 3C values were produced …

Is Our Student Body Fit? A Comparison Of Current Fitness Levels To Normative Data, Melissa Dorvily, Michelle Etchebaster, Zoey Jackson, Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical Activity (PA) among university students yields 40-50% participation and this statistic continues to make a steady decline. This has caused a widespread call to action for universities to provide resources and education to encourage students to increase physical activity. Prior to and during COVID-19 pandemic our student body reported decreased levels of PA. Amid the return to an in-person student life, many students have reported increased challenges in returning to fitness related activities. In tandem with our Exercise is Medicine-On Campus (EIM-OC) initiative, an interactive health fair open to the entire body of 4,495 students was held to address …

Exergame Versus Traditional Cycling: A Comparison Of Psychological Factors, Mckay Bloxham, Casi Helbig

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous research has noted that increased enjoyment levels endorsed the involvement in long-term exercise persistence. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare enjoyment levels and perceived time of the Spinner NXT, a stationary bike commonly found in cycling classes, and the TACX trainer, a stationary bike which allows users to immerse themselves in any location in the world and participate in competitions if desired. METHODS: Sample size consisted of 30 Texas Lutheran University students. Each participant was assigned a number to protect their identity and was randomly assigned which bicycle they would start with. Participant was …

Comparison Of Laboratory-Grade And Consumer-Grade Hand-To-Foot Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzers For Body Composition Estimation, Gabrielle C. Dehaven, Madelin R. Siedler, Christian Rodriguez, Sarah White, Abegale D. Williams, Patrick S. Harty, Matthew T. Stratton, Dale Keith, Jacob Green, Jake Boykin, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple and effective technique to estimate body composition, including body fat percentage (BFP). While these analyzers are a popular method of describing a person’s body composition, laboratory-grade devices are expensive and inaccessible to most people. As a result, they may be an unrealistic method for consumers to use. However, consumer-grade devices are increasingly available. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare laboratory-grade and consumer-grade bioelectrical impedance analyzers. METHODS: Seventy-five adults (40 F, 35 M) were evaluated using a laboratory-grade, hand-to-foot, multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA_LAB; Seca mBCA 515) …

Validity Of Hand-To-Foot And Foot-To-Foot Consumer Bioimpedance Analyzers: A Four-Compartment Model Comparison, Sarah J. White, Madelin R. Siedler, Christian Rodriguez, Abegale D. Williams, Gabrielle Dehaven, Patrick S. Harty, Matthew T. Stratton, Dale Keith, Jacob Green, Jake Boykin, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Body fat percentage (BF%) is a useful variable for predicting disease risk and determining overall fitness. Consumer-grade bioimpedance analyzers seek to provide accurate body composition data while remaining affordable and accessible. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare body fat percentages obtained from hand-to-foot and foot-to-foot consumer bioimpedance analyzers to a gold standard 4-compartment (4C) model. METHODS: Seventy-five adults (40 F, 35 M; age: 27.2 ± 7.3 y; height: 168.1 ± 8.8 cm; BM: 72.1 ± 16.6 kg; 4C model BF%: 25.0 ± 9.2%) were evaluated by a 4C model, a consumer-grade hand-to-foot bioimpedance analyzer (BIA-HF; …

Ua12/2/1 Up Next On The Hill, Vol. 97, No. 6, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

Magazine edition of the College Heights Herald for the period Feb. 14 to March 21, 2022.

• Collins, Michael. I Went to School There? University Plan Marks New Era of Campus for Next Generation of Students
• Trickett-Wile, Arthur & Jake Jones. Like Farmer, Like Son – Alex Burke
• Stover, D.J. Gun Violence Hasn’t Left, from a Survivor of Marshall County
• Lanuzza, Izzy. International Bonds Key to WKU Tennis Success

Eng 300: The Efficacy Of Bacteriophage & Lysin Antimicrobials In Industrial & Commercial Settings, Bella Norman

English 100-200-300 Conference

No abstract provided.

Eng 300: Trying To Make The Words Flow: Flow Interactions With Environment & Behavior In Writing & Studying Contexts, Connor Flick

English 100-200-300 Conference

No abstract provided.

Ua25 Covid-19 Communications, Wku Finance & Administration

WKU Administration Documents

Official emails sent to faculty & staff regarding issues involved with Covid-19 Coronavirus from 2020 through 2022.

• WKU COVID-19 Grading Policy, 3/24/2020
• Signage Requests
• Steps to Help Keep Everyone Safe
• Latest Information on Covid-19 Vaccine Distribution, 2/25/2021
• Update on Covid 19 Guidance from Centers for Disease Control, 3/12/2021
• Human Resources / Business Services
• Fraudulent Unemployment Compensation Claims, 3/1/2021
• COVID Vaccines Available on Campus, 4/2021
• COVID 19 Vaccination Update, 7/28/2021
• Fall Semester Covid Message, 8/13/2021
• WKU Covid Vaccination Reporting, 8/20/2021
• Update on Proposed OSHA Rule for Covid 19 Vaccinations in the Workplace, 11/4/2021
• COVID-19, 10/21/2021
• Fall Covid Update, 8/3/2022

Inflammatory Response To Sleep Fragmentation In Skeletal, Cardiac, And Smooth Muscle Tissues In Female Mice, Patton Allen

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Sleep is a critical process that the body undergoes. When sleep is interrupted, so that an individual is awakened for some period before going back into sleep, the sleep can be described as fragmented. Studies in the past have shown that sleep fragmentation (SF) promotes an inflammatory environment, especially in the brain and peripheral tissue. However, studies have not been conducted to observe inflammatory responses in muscle. To examine this, C57BL/6J female mice were subjected to either a control group (no SF) or a SF group which involved using an automated SF chamber to disrupt sleep every 2 min over …

Comparison Of Effects Of Sleep Fragmentation On Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Il-1Β Of Male And Female Adult Mice, Manzar Rzayeva

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Sleep plays an essential role throughout the body by affecting the physiological function and regulation of many systems. One of these systems that receives effects as a result of the adequacy of sleep is the immune system. Previous studies have demonstrated effects of sleep fragmentation upon the immune system; however, sexual differences of these effects have not been studied in depth. To analyze these variances amongst the genders, male and female adult mice were subjected to acute sleep fragmentation (SF) for 24 hours in an automated SF cage that includes a bar sweeping across the cage every two minutes. Meanwhile, …

Understanding The Mental And Emotional Impacts Of Being A Caregiver Of Socially Isolated Residents During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Chloe Kerrick

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The mental health and emotional wellbeing of individuals has declined in many ways over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Some groups have seen more drastic changes in their mental health and emotional wellbeing, especially those working in healthcare. While nearly all healthcare facility workers have experienced an increased burden brought about by the pandemic, long-term care facility workers have been tasked with caring for clients that, for periods of time, experienced complete social isolation. This project will attempt to answer the question of how caring for a group of socially isolated residents over an extended period has affected the …

A Pilot Study: An Evaluation Of Accessibility Of Resources For Parents Of D/Deaf/Hoh Children In Ky/Tn, Amara Danturthi

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Most parents of d/Deaf/Hoh children are not Deaf, making it imperative for easy access to diverse strategies to ensure smooth communication between them and their child. Parents make the paramount decision of what their child’s first language should be, therefore, access to current information on communication strategies is crucial in this journey. Many families fall on resources sometimes from sources in different formats to understand what may work best for them. The accessibility and availability of these resources are a crucial component in the parent’s decision-making process. Due to the unique dynamics between hearing parents and d/Deaf/Hoh children, this pilot …

Rurality And Its Effects On Prenatal Care In Southcentral Kentucky, Kylee Eilers

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Despite ongoing efforts to increase positive healthcare outcomes for prenatal care in rural Kentucky, there continues to be limited access to adequate and quality resources. Research questions for this research project explored the prenatal care resources for Allen, Barren, Butler, Edmonson, Hart, Logan, Metcalfe, Monroe, Simpson, and Warren counties, compared healthcare disparities that exist in those counties with other rural regions of Kentucky, and identified limitations of such prenatal care resources in successfully achieving positive care outcomes. In addition to evaluation of applicable online resources through organizations local to the region, some healthcare professional and representatives were interviewed to find …

Promoting A Walk/Run Event To Expand Services For Individuals With Disabilities, Mckenzie Rodgers

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The Suzanne Vitale Clinical Education Complex (CEC) at WKU provides services to many individuals and families affected by autism spectrum disorders and other developmental delays and disabilities. As a nonprofit organization, the clinic relies heavily on donations and fundraisers as sources of income. One of the CEC’s primary fundraisers is the annual LifeSkills Run/Walk for Autism. This event is held each April during autism awareness month, at the Bowling Green Ballpark, providing an opportunity for the community to support the clinic in an enjoyable way.

For an honors capstone experience, the author promoted the 15th annual LifeSkills Run/Walk for Autism …