Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Two Cases Of Wolfram Syndrome Who Were Initially Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes, Francesca Silvestri, Valeria Tromba, Francesco Costantino, Nila Palaniappan, Fumihiko Urano

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis of syndromic monogenic diabetes allows for proper management and can lead to improved quality of life in the long term. This report aimed to describe 2 genetically confirmed cases of Wolfram syndrome, a rare endoplasmic reticulum disorder characterized by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, and progressive neurodegeneration.

CASE REPORT: A 16-year-old Caucasian male patient and a 25-year-old Caucasian female patient with a history of diabetes mellitus and optic nerve atrophy presented at our medical center. Both patients were initially diagnosed with type 1 diabetes but negative for islet autoantibodies. Their body mass indexes were under 25 …

Impact Of Consensus Guidelines For Breast-Conserving Surgery In Patients With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Abigail Tremelling, Rebecca L Aft, Amy E Cyr, William E Gillanders, Katherine Glover-Collins, Virginia Herrmann, Julie A Margenthaler

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Consensus guidelines published in 2016 recommended a 2 mm free margin as the standard for negative margins in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The goal of the guideline recommendation was standardization of re-excision practices.

AIMS: To evaluate the impact of this consensus guideline on our institutional practices.

METHODS: We identified all patients at our institution with pure DCIS who were initially treated with BCS from September 2014 to August 2018 using a prospectively-maintained institutional database. A retrospective chart review was performed to determine margin status and re-excision rates during the 2 years before …

Endogenous Metabolic Markers For Predicting The Activity Of Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase, Jihyun Kang, Andrew Hyoungjin Kim, Inseung Jeon, Jaeseong Oh, In-Jin Jang, Seunghwan Lee, Joo-Youn Cho

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Five-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is mainly metabolized by the rate-limiting enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). The DPD enzyme activity deficiency involves a wide range of severities. Previous studies have demonstrated the effect of a DPYD single nucleotide polymorphism on 5-FU efficacy and highlighted the importance of studying such genes for cancer treatment. Common polymorphisms of DPYD in European ancestry populations are less frequently present in Koreans. DPD is also responsible for the conversion of endogenous uracil (U) into dihydrouracil (DHU). We quantified U and DHU in plasma samples of healthy male Korean subjects, and samples were classified into …

Non-Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: Atrx/Daxx And Alternative Lengthening Of Telomeres (Alt) Are Prognostically Independent From Arx/Pdx1 Expression And Tumour Size, Wenzel M Hackeng, Ta-Chiang Liu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have found aristaless-related homeobox gene (ARX)/pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX)/death domain-associated protein (DAXX) and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to be promising prognostic biomarkers for non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PanNETs). However, they have not been comprehensively evaluated, especially among small NF-PanNETs (≤2.0 cm). Moreover, their status in neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) from other sites remains unknown.

DESIGN: An international cohort of 1322 NETs was evaluated by immunolabelling for ARX/PDX1 and ATRX/DAXX, and telomere-specific fluorescence in situ hybridisation for ALT. This cohort included 561 primary NF-PanNETs, 107 NF-PanNET metastases and 654 primary, non-pancreatic non-functional …

Postviral Gastroparesis Associated With Sars-Cov-2 Infection In A Pediatric Patient, Courtney M. Rusch, Jerome M. Molleston, Matthew F. Glasser, Steven Don, Sakil S. Kulkarni

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Postviral gastroparesis has been described in children, but it has not yet been attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our case report describes a teenager with abdominal pain, early satiety, and vomiting who likely had an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection 2 months before presentation. Through investigation of epidemiologic links, antibody testing, and clinical course, it is hypothesized that her significant reduction in gastric emptying was due to postviral gastroparesis secondary to SARS-CoV-2. She was treated with supportive care and prokinetic agents. The patient demonstrated symptom resolution and near normalization of gastric emptying by the time of 1 month follow up.

Ex Vivo Propagation In A Novel 3d High-Throughput Co-Culture System For Multiple Myeloma, Johannes M Waldschmidt, Stefan J Fruttiger, Dagmar Wider, Johannes Jung, Andreas R Thomsen, Tanja N Hartmann, Justus Duyster, Martin J Hug, Kareem A Azab, Manfred Jung, Ralph Wäsch, Monika Engelhardt

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematologic malignancy which ultimately develops drug resistance and evades treatment. Despite substantial therapeutic advances over the past years, the clinical failure rate of preclinically promising anti-MM drugs remains substantial. More realistic in vitro models are thus required to better predict clinical efficacy of a preclinically active compound.

METHODS: Here, we report on the establishment of a conical agarose 3D co-culture platform for the preclinical propagation of primary MM cells ex vivo. Cell growth was compared to yet established 2D and liquid overlay systems. MM cell lines (MMCL: RPMI-8226, U266, OPM-2) and primary patient …

Physician-Scientists In The United States At 2020: Trends And Concerns, Howard H Garrison, Timothy J Ley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Physician-scientists comprise a unique and valuable part of the biomedical workforce, but for decades there has been concern about the number of physicians actively engaged in research. Reports have outlined the challenges facing physician-scientists, and programs have been initiated to encourage and facilitate research careers for medically trained scientists. Many of these initiatives have demonstrated successful outcomes, but there has not been a recent summary of the impact of the past decade of effort. This report compiles available data from surveys of medical education and physician research participation to assess changes in the physician-scientist workforce from 2011-2020. Several trends are …

Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Chain Is A Marker Of Aging And White Matter Damage, Karin L Meeker, Omar H Butt, Brian A Gordon, Anne M Fagan, Suzanne E Schindler, John C Morris, Tammie L S Benzinger, Beau M Ances

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NfL) reflects neuro-axonal damage and is increasingly used to evaluate disease progression across neurological conditions including Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it is unknown how NfL relates to specific types of brain tissue. We sought to determine whether CSF NfL is more strongly associated with total gray matter, white matter, or white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and to quantify the relative importance of brain tissue volume, age, and AD marker status (i.e., APOE genotype, brain amyloidosis, tauopathy, and cognitive status) in predicting CSF NfL.

METHODS: 419 participants (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] Scale > 0, N …

A Systematic Review Of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia, Philip Goodney, Samir Shah, Yiyuan David Hu, Bjoern Suckow, Scott Kinlay, David G Armstrong, Patrick Geraghty, Megan Patterson, Matthew Menard, Manesh R Patel, Michael S Conte

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) causes significant morbidity with profound negative effects on health-related quality of life. As the prevalence of peripheral artery disease and diabetes continue to rise in our aging population, the public health impact of CLTI has escalated. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have become common and important measures for clinical evaluation in both clinical care and research. PROMs are important for the measurement of clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness and for shared decision-making on treatment options. However, the PROMs used to describe the experience of patients with CLTI are heterogeneous, incomplete, and lack specific applicability to the underlying …

Bisphenol A Exposure Induces Sensory Processing Deficits In Larval Zebrafish During Neurodevelopment, Courtney Scaramella, Joseph B Alzagatiti, Christopher Creighton, Samandeep Mankatala, Fernando Licea, Gabriel M Winter, Jasmine Emtage, Joseph R Wisnieski, Luis Salazar, Anjum Hussain, Faith M Lee, Asma Mammootty, Niyaza Mammootty, Andrew Aldujaili, Kristine A Runnberg, Daniela Hernandez, Trevor Zimmerman-Thompson, Rikhil Makwana, Julien Rouvere, Zahra Tahmasebi, Gohar Zavradyan, Christopher S Campbell, Meghna Komaranchath, Javier Carmona, Jennifer Trevitt, David Glanzman, Adam C Roberts

2020-Current year OA Pubs

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How Risky Are Risk Factors? An Analysis Of Prenatal Risk Factors In Patients Participating In The Congenital Upper Limb Differences Registry, Tyler Schaeffer, Maria F Canizares, Lindley B Wall, Deborah Bohn, Suzanne Steinman, Julie Samora, Mary Claire Manske, Douglas T Hutchinson, Apurva S Shah, Andrea S Bauer, Could Study Group

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Risk factors for congenital upper limb differences (CoULDs) are often studied at the general population level. The CoULD registry provides a unique opportunity to study prenatal risk factors within a large patient sample.

METHODS: All patients enrolled between June 2014 and March 2020 in the prospective CoULD registry, a national multicenter database of patients diagnosed with a CoULD, were included in the analysis. We analyzed self-reported, prenatal risk factors, including maternal smoking, alcohol use, recreational drug use, prescription drug use, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and gestational hypertension. The outcome measures included comorbid medical conditions, proximal involvement of limb difference, …

Characteristics, Treatment, And Control Of Hypertension In Public Primary Healthcare Centers In Nigeria: Baseline Results From The Hypertension Treatment In Nigeria Program, Dike B Ojji, Mark D Huffman, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on large-scale, multilevel implementation research studies to improve hypertension diagnosis, treatment, and control rates at the primary healthcare (PHC) level in Africa. We describe the characteristics, treatment, and control rates of patients with hypertension in public PHC centers in the Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program.

METHODS: Data were collected from adults at least 18 years at 60 public PHC centers between January 2020 and November 2020. Hypertension treatment rates were calculated at registration and upon completion of the initial visit. Hypertension control rates were calculated based on SBP and DBPs less than 140/90 mmHg. Regression …

Bedside Nurses' Perceptions Of Effective Nurse-Physician Communication In General Medical Units: A Qualitative Study, Hirotaka Kato, Jessica M. Clouser, Preetham Talari, Nikita L. Vundi, Akosua K. Adu, Kishore Karri, Kathy B. Isaacs, Mark V. Williams, Romil Chadha, Jing Li

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background There is a dearth of research on successful interventions to improve nurse-physician communication (NPC). An important step is identifying what matters to bedside nurses and their perceptions of effective NPC communications and actions. Methods We conducted three focus groups with a total of 19 medical unit nurses across two hospitals in one academic medical center in the United States. Using a convenience sampling strategy, five to eight nurses voluntarily participated in each focus group. The recording was transcribed verbatim and two independent coders performed coding and resolved any discrepancies in codes. Qualitative content analysis was pursued to identify themes …

Veliparib Plus Carboplatin And Paclitaxel Versus Investigator's Choice Of Standard Chemotherapy In Patients With Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Ramaswamy Govindan, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: This open-label Phase III trial (NCT02264990) evaluated the PARP inhibitor, veliparib, combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel versus chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). A 52-gene expression classifier (LP52) previously shown to identify patients more likely to respond to veliparib was evaluated as a planned correlative analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult current or former smokers with advanced non-squamous NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to veliparib (120 mg daily for 7 days/cycle) with carboplatin and paclitaxel or to investigators' choice of platinum doublet chemotherapy (up to 6, 21-day cycles), with optional pemetrexed maintenance. Prospective analysis …

The Heritage Family Study: A Review Of The Effects Of Exercise Training On Cardiometabolic Health, With Insights Into Molecular Transducers, Mark A Sarzynski, Treva K Rice, D C Rao, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study was to investigate individual differences in response to a standardized endurance exercise program, the role of familial aggregation, and the genetics of response levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. Here we summarize the findings and their potential implications for cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. It begins with overviews of background and planning, recruitment, testing and exercise program protocol, quality control measures, and other relevant organizational issues. A summary of findings is then provided on cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise hemodynamics, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, adiposity and …

Strategies To Prevent Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections In Acute-Care Hospitals: 2022 Update, Niccolò Buetti, Jonas Marschall, Marci Drees, Mohamad G Fakih, Lynn Hadaway, Lisa L Maragakis, Elizabeth Monsees, Shannon Novosad, Naomi P O'Grady, Mark E Rupp, Joshua Wolf, Deborah Yokoe, Leonard A Mermel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Complexity Of Ballooned Hepatocyte Feature Recognition: Defining A Training Atlas For Artificial Intelligence-Based Imaging In Nafld, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Histologically assessed hepatocyte ballooning is a key feature discriminating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from steatosis (NAFL). Reliable identification underpins patient inclusion in clinical trials and serves as a key regulatory-approved surrogate endpoint for drug efficacy. High inter/intra-observer variation in ballooning measured using the NASH CRN semi-quantitative score has been reported yet no actionable solutions have been proposed.

METHODS: A focused evaluation of hepatocyte ballooning recognition was conducted. Digitized slides were evaluated by 9 internationally recognized expert liver pathologists on 2 separate occasions: each pathologist independently marked every ballooned hepatocyte and later provided an overall non-NASH NAFL/NASH assessment. Interobserver …

Physician Perceptions And Use Of Reduced-Dose Direct Oral Anticoagulants For Extended Phase Venous Thromboembolism Treatment, Danielle Groat, Karlyn A Martin, Rachel P Rosovsky, Kristen M Sanfilippo, Manila Gaddh, Lisa Baumann Kreuziger, M Elaine Eyster, Scott C Woller, Venous Thromboembolism Network Us (Venus) Vte Treatment, Anticoagulation Management Group

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), apixaban and rivaroxaban, have been studied for extended-phase treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Yet, scant evidence exists surrounding clinician practice and decision-making regarding dose reduction.

Aims: Report clinician practice and characteristics surrounding dose reduction of DOACs for extended-phase VTE treatment.

Methods: We conducted a 16-question REDCap survey between July 14, 2021, and September 13, 2021, among ISTH 2021 Congress attendees and on Twitter. We explored factors associated with dose reduction using logistic regression. We used k-means clustering to identify distinct groups of dose-reduction decision-making. Random forest analysis explored demographics with respect to identified groups. …

Hold That Pose: Capturing Cervical Dystonia's Head Deviation Severity From Video, Zheng Zhang, Joel S Perlmutter, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Deviated head posture is a defining characteristic of cervical dystonia (CD). Head posture severity is typically quantified with clinical rating scales such as the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Because clinical rating scales are inherently subjective, they are susceptible to variability that reduces their sensitivity as outcome measures. The variability could be circumvented with methods to measure CD head posture objectively. However, previously used objective methods require specialized equipment and have been limited to studies with a small number of cases. The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel software system-the Computational Motor Objective Rater …

Applying Diagnosis Support Systems In Electronic Health Records To Identify Wild-Type Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy Risk, Connor Willis, Alexandre H Watanabe, Justin Hughes, Kimberly Nolen, Jason O'Meara, Alexander Schepart, Marianna Bruno, Joseph Biskupiak, Kensaku Kawamoto, Nawar Shara, Thomas Kannampallil

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Sars-Cov-2 Infection And Covid-19 Outcomes In Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review And Meta-Analysis, Richard Conway, Alfred H J Kim, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: The relative risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity among people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) compared to those without RMDs is unclear. This study was undertaken to quantify the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in those with RMDs and describe clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in these patients.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review using 14 databases from January 1, 2019 to February 13, 2021. We included observational studies and experimental trials in RMD patients that described comparative rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, oxygen supplementation/intensive care unit (ICU) admission/mechanical ventilation, or death attributed to COVID-19. Methodologic quality …

The Clinical Cell-Cycle Risk (Ccr) Score Is Associated With Metastasis After Radiation Therapy And Provides Guidance On When To Forgo Combined Androgen Deprivation Therapy With Dose-Escalated Radiation, Jonathan Tward, Hiram A. Gay, Jeff Michalski, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: The clinical cell-cycle risk (CCR) score, which combines the University of California, San Francisco's Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) and the cell cycle progression (CCP) molecular score, has been validated to be prognostic of disease progression for men with prostate cancer. This study evaluated the ability of the CCR score to prognosticate the risk of metastasis in men receiving dose-escalated radiation therapy (RT) with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

METHODS AND MATERIALS: This retrospective, multi-institutional cohort study included men with localized National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) intermediate-, high-, and very high-risk prostate cancer (N = 741). …

Exploring Reasons For Md-Phd Trainees' Experiences Of Impostor Phenomenon, Devasmita Chakraverty, Jose E Cavazos, Donna B Jeffe

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Acceptance into U.S. MD-PhD dual-degree programs is highly competitive, and the lengthy training program requires transitioning between multiple phases (pre-clinical-, PhD-research-, and clinical-training phases), which can be stressful. Challenges faced during MD-PhD training could exacerbate self-doubt and anxiety. Impostor phenomenon is the experience of feeling like a fraud, with some high-achieving, competent individuals attributing their successes to luck or other factors rather than their own ability and hard work. To our knowledge, impostor phenomenon among MD-PhD trainees has not been described. This study examined impostor phenomenon experiences during MD-PhD training and reasons trainees attributed to these feelings.

METHODS: Individuals …

Proposed Research Criteria For Prodromal Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia, Megan S Barker, Jill Goldman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

At present, no research criteria exist for the diagnosis of prodromal behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), though early detection is of high research importance. Thus, we sought to develop and validate a proposed set of research criteria for prodromal bvFTD, termed 'mild behavioural and/or cognitive impairment in bvFTD' (MBCI-FTD). Participants included 72 participants deemed to have prodromal bvFTD; this comprised 55 carriers of a pathogenic mutation known to cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and 17 individuals with autopsy-confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration. All had mild behavioural and/or cognitive changes, as judged by an evaluating clinician. Based on extensive clinical workup, the prodromal …

An Alternate Technique For Goniotomy: Description Of Procedure And Preliminary Results, Thomas Shute, Wesley Green, James Liu, Arsham Sheybani

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Multiple glaucoma treatment modalities seek to lower IOP by bypassing or removing a portion of the juxtacanalicular trabecular meshwork. These procedures often require expensive implants or specialized surgical instruments. The authors developed a technique for ab interno goniectomy utilizing a standard disposable 25-gauge hypodermic needle. The surgical procedure-termed bent ab interno needle goniectomy (BANG)-and preliminary results are presented here.

METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients who underwent goniotomy using a modified hypodermic needle by one of the three authors between July 2017 and June 2018. The mean and standard deviation pre- and postoperative IOP and …

India's Ban On Antimicrobial Fixed-Dose Combinations: Winning The Battle, Losing The War?, Giorgia Sulis, Richeek Pradhan, Anita Kotwani, Sumanth Gandra

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: India, the country with the largest market availability of antimicrobial fixed-dose combinations (FDCs), banned certain antimicrobial FDCs in September 2018. Our objective was to examine the impact of Government ban on the sales of antimicrobial FDCs.

METHODS: The sales patterns of 14 of the 26 banned antimicrobial FDCs were analyzed using monthly private sector drug sales data from IQVIA (a comprehensive and nationally representative drug sales database) between January 2018 and December 2019. We carried out descriptive analyses to evaluate the trend in sales over time for banned and non-banned antimicrobial FDCs using cumulative sales volumes.

RESULTS: …

Vaccine Protection Against The Sars-Cov-2 Omicron Variant In Macaques, Abishek Chandrashekar, Adrianus C. M. Boon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, including in highly vaccinated populations, has raised important questions about the efficacy of current vaccines. In this study, we show that the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine and the adenovirus-vector-based Ad26.COV2.S vaccine provide robust protection against high-dose challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in cynomolgus macaques. We vaccinated 30 macaques with homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens with BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S. Following Omicron challenge, vaccinated macaques demonstrated rapid control of virus in bronchoalveolar lavage, and most vaccinated animals also controlled virus in nasal swabs. However, 4 vaccinated animals that had moderate Omicron-neutralizing antibody titers …

Thermodynamically Coupled Biosensors For Detecting Neutralizing Antibodies Against Sars-Cov-2 Variants, Jason Z Zhang, Laura A Vanblargan, Michael S Diamond, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We designed a protein biosensor that uses thermodynamic coupling for sensitive and rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in serum. The biosensor is a switchable, caged luciferase-receptor-binding domain (RBD) construct that detects serum-antibody interference with the binding of virus RBD to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as a proxy for neutralization. Our coupling approach does not require target modification and can better distinguish sample-to-sample differences in analyte binding affinity and abundance than traditional competition-based assays.

Products Of Gut Microbial Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain Nadase Activities In Gnotobiotic Mice And Bangladeshi Children With Malnutrition, James S Weagley, Mark Zaydman, Siddarth Venkatesh, Yo Sasaki, Neha Damaraju, Alex Yenkin, William Buchser, Dmitry A Rodionov, Andrei Osterman, Tahmeed Ahmed, Michael J Barratt, Aaron Diantonio, Jeffrey Milbrandt, Jeffrey I Gordon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Perturbed gut microbiome development has been linked to childhood malnutrition. Here, we characterize bacterial Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) protein domains that metabolize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a co-enzyme with far-reaching effects on human physiology. A consortium of 26 human gut bacterial strains, representing the diversity of TIRs observed in the microbiome and the NAD hydrolase (NADase) activities of a subset of 152 bacterial TIRs assayed in vitro, was introduced into germ-free mice. Integrating mass spectrometry and microbial RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with consortium membership manipulation disclosed that a variant of cyclic-ADPR (v-cADPR-x) is a specific product of TIR NADase activity and a …

High Rates Of Undiagnosed And Uncontrolled Hypertension Upon A Screening Campaign In Rural Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study, Evariste Ntaganda, Victor G Davila-Roman, Kenneth Schechtman, Angela L Brown, Lisa De Las Fuentes, Dominic Reeds, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Hypertension remains the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide with a prevalence and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) among the highest. The early detection of hypertension risk factors is a crucial pillar for CVD prevention.

DESIGN AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 4284 subjects, mean age 46 ± 16SD, 56.4% females and mean BMI 26.6 ± 3.7 SD. Data were collected through a screening campaign in rural area of Kirehe District, Eastern of Rwanda, with the objective to characterize and examine the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and other CVD risk factors. An adapted …