Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pain And Itch Coding Mechanisms Of Polymodal Sensory Neurons, Changxiong Guo, Haowu Jiang, Cheng-Chiu Huang, Fengxian Li, William Olson, Weishan Yang, Michael Fleming, Guang Yu, George Hoekel, Wenqin Luo, Qin Liu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Pain and itch coding mechanisms in polymodal sensory neurons remain elusive. MrgprD

A Disordered Region Controls Cbaf Activity Via Condensation And Partner Recruitment, Ajinkya Patil, Amy R Strom, Joao A Paulo, Clayton K Collings, Kiersten M Ruff, Min Kyung Shinn, Akshay Sankar, Kasey S Cervantes, Tobias Wauer, Jessica D St Laurent, Grace Xu, Lindsay A Becker, Steven P Gygi, Rohit V Pappu, Clifford P Brangwynne, Cigall Kadoch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) represent a large percentage of overall nuclear protein content. The prevailing dogma is that IDRs engage in non-specific interactions because they are poorly constrained by evolutionary selection. Here, we demonstrate that condensate formation and heterotypic interactions are distinct and separable features of an IDR within the ARID1A/B subunits of the mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeler, cBAF, and establish distinct "sequence grammars" underlying each contribution. Condensation is driven by uniformly distributed tyrosine residues, and partner interactions are mediated by non-random blocks rich in alanine, glycine, and glutamine residues. These features concentrate a specific cBAF protein-protein interaction network and are …

Infants Exposed In Utero To Hurricane Maria Have Gut Microbiomes With Reduced Diversity And Altered Metabolic Capacity, Ai Zhang, David De Ángel Solá, Midnela Acevedo Flores, Lijuan Cao, Leran Wang, Josh G Kim, Phillip I Tarr, Barbara B Warner, Nicolás Rosario Matos, Leyao Wang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The gut microbiome is a potentially important mechanism that links prenatal disaster exposures with increased disease risks. However, whether prenatal disaster exposures are associated with alterations in the infant's gut microbiome remains unknown. We established a birth cohort study named Hurricane as the Origin of Later Alterations in Microbiome (HOLA) after Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico in 2017. We enrolled vaginally born Latino term infants aged 2 to 6 months, including

Exchanging Words: Engaging The Challenges Of Sharing Qualitative Research Data, James M Dubois, Jessica Mozersky, Meredith Parsons, Heidi A Walsh, Annie Friedrich, Amy Pienta

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In January 2023, a new NIH policy on data sharing went into effect. The policy applies to both quantitative and qualitative research (QR) data such as data from interviews or focus groups. QR data are often sensitive and difficult to deidentify, and thus have rarely been shared in the United States. Over the past 5 y, our research team has engaged stakeholders on QR data sharing, developed software to support data deidentification, produced guidance, and collaborated with the ICPSR data repository to pilot the deposit of 30 QR datasets. In this perspective article, we share important lessons learned by addressing …

Volatile Profiling Distinguishes Streptococcus Pyogenes From Other Respiratory Streptococcal Species, Amalia Z Berna, Joseph A Merriman, Leah Mellett, Danealle K Parchment, Michael G Caparon, Audrey R Odom John

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Sore throat is one of the most common complaints encountered in the ambulatory clinical setting. Rapid, culture-independent diagnostic techniques that do not rely on pharyngeal swabs would be highly valuable as a point-of-care strategy to guide outpatient antibiotic treatment. Despite the promise of this approach, efforts to detect volatiles during oropharyngeal infection have yet been limited. In our research study, we sought to evaluate for specific bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOC) biomarkers in isolated cultures

Development Of Novel Composite Data Quality Scores To Evaluate Facility-Level Data Quality In Electronic Data In Kenya: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study, Beryne M Odeny, Anne Njoroge, Steve Gloyd, James P Hughes, Bradley H Wagenaar, Jacob Odhiambo, Lilly M Nyagah, Ayub Manya, Ooga Wesley Oghera, Nancy Puttkammer

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In this evaluation, we aim to strengthen Routine Health Information Systems (RHIS) through the digitization of data quality assessment (DQA) processes. We leverage electronic data from the Kenya Health Information System (KHIS) which is based on the District Health Information System version 2 (DHIS2) to perform DQAs at scale. We provide a systematic guide to developing composite data quality scores and use these scores to assess data quality in Kenya.

METHODS: We evaluated 187 HIV care facilities with electronic medical records across Kenya. Using quarterly, longitudinal KHIS data from January 2011 to June 2018 (total N = 30 quarters), …

Cognitive Impact Of Multidomain Intervention And Omega 3 According To Blood Aβ42/40 Ratio: A Subgroup Analysis From The Randomized Mapt Trial, Julien Delrieu, Bruno Vellas, Sophie Guyonnet, Christelle Cantet, Vitaliy Ovod, Yan Li, James Bollinger, Randall Bateman, Sandrine Andrieu, Mapt/Dsa Group

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In MAPT (Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial), a cognitive effect of multidomain intervention (MI) was showed in non-demented subjects with positive amyloid PET. However, screening eligible patients for multidomain intervention by PET is difficult to generalize in real-world settings.

METHODS: MAPT study was a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trial followed by a 2-year observational and optional extension. All participants were non-demented and randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to the MI plus omega 3, MI plus placebo, omega 3 alone, or placebo alone group. The objectives were to assess the cognitive effect of MAPT interventions (omega 3 supplementation, MI, combined intervention) in non-demented subjects …

Inhibition Of Retinoic Acid Signaling In Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells Protects Against Acute Kidney Injury, Min Yang, Lauren N. Lopez, Maya Brewer, Rachel Delgado, Anna Menshikh, Kelly Clouthier, Yuantee Zhu, Thitinee Vanichapol, Haichun Yang, Raymond C. Harris, Leslie Gewin, Craig R. Brooks, Alan J. Davidson, Mark De Caestecker

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling is essential for mammalian kidney development but, in the adult kidney, is restricted to occasional collecting duct epithelial cells. We now show that there is widespread reactivation of RAR signaling in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in human sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and in mouse models of AKI. Genetic inhibition of RAR signaling in PTECs protected against experimental AKI but was unexpectedly associated with increased expression of the PTEC injury marker Kim1. However, the protective effects of inhibiting PTEC RAR signaling were associated with increased Kim1-dependent apoptotic cell clearance, or efferocytosis, and this was …

The Herbicide Glyphosate Inhibits Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation And Learning Through Activation Of Pro-Inflammatory Signaling, Yukitoshi Izumi, Kazuko A O'Dell, Charles F Zorumski

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Glyphosate, a herbicide marketed as Roundup, is widely used but there are concerns this exposure could impair cognitive function. In the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices, we investigated whether glyphosate alters synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory. Our hypothesis is that glyphosate alters neuronal function and impairs LTP induction via activation of pro-inflammatory processes. Roundup depressed excitatory synaptic potentials(EPSPs) in a dose-dependent manner with complete suppression at 2000 mg/L. At concentrations ≤ 20 mg/L Roundup did not affect basal transmission, but 4 mg/L Roundup administered for 30 min inhibited LTP induction. Acute …

Early Resveratrol Treatment Mitigates Joint Degeneration And Dampens Pain In A Mouse Model Of Pseudoachondroplasia (Psach), Jacqueline T Hecht, Alka C Veerisetty, Debabrata Patra, Mohammad G Hossain, Frankie Chiu, Claire Mobed, Francis H Gannon, Karen L Posey

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe dwarfing condition associated with early-onset joint degeneration and lifelong joint pain, is caused by mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). The mechanisms underlying the mutant-COMP pathology have been defined using the MT-COMP mouse model of PSACH that has the common D469del mutation. Mutant-COMP protein does not fold properly, and it is retained in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of chondrocytes rather than being exported to the extracellular matrix (ECM), driving ER stress that stimulates oxidative stress and inflammation, driving a self-perpetuating cycle. CHOP (ER stress signaling protein) and TNFα inflammation drive high levels of mTORC1 …

Molecular Regulation Of Neutrophil Swarming In Health And Disease: Lessons From The Phagocyte Oxidase, Zhimin Song, Sourav Bhattacharya, Regina A Clemens, Mary C Dinauer

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Neutrophil swarming is a complex coordinated process in which neutrophils sensing pathogen or damage signals are rapidly recruited to sites of infections or injuries. This process involves cooperation between neutrophils where autocrine and paracrine positive-feedback loops, mediated by receptor/ligand pairs including lipid chemoattractants and chemokines, amplify localized recruitment of neutrophils. This review will provide an overview of key pathways involved in neutrophil swarming and then discuss the cell intrinsic and systemic mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) regulates swarming, including modulation of calcium signaling, inflammatory mediators, and the mobilization and production of neutrophils. We will also discuss mechanisms by …

Endothelial Cells Are A Key Target Of Ifn-G During Response To Combined Pd-1/Ctla-4 Icb Treatment In A Mouse Model Of Bladder Cancer, Sharon L Freshour, Timothy H-P Chen, Bryan Fisk, Haolin Shen, Matthew Mosior, Zachary L Skidmore, Catrina Fronick, Jennifer K Bolzenius, Obi L Griffith, Vivek K Arora, Malachi Griffith

2020-Current year OA Pubs

To explore mechanisms of response to combined PD-1/CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment in individual cell types, we generated scRNA-seq using a mouse model of invasive urothelial carcinoma with three conditions: untreated tumor, treated tumor, and tumor treated after CD4

High-Dimensional Deconstruction Of Pancreatic Cancer Identifies Tumor Microenvironmental And Developmental Stemness Features That Predict Survival, Erik P Storrs, Prathamesh Chati, Abul Usmani, Ian Sloan, Bradley A Krasnick, Peter K Harris, Chloe M Sachs, Faridi Qaium, Chris Wetzel, S Peter Goedegebuure, Thomas Hollander, Hephzibah Anthony, Jennifer Ponce, Shahed Badiyan, Hyun Kim, David G Denardo, Gabriel D Lang, Natalie D Cosgrove, Vladimir M Kushnir, Dayna S Early, Kian-Huat Lim, William G Hawkins, Li Ding, Ryan C Fields, Koushik K Das, Aadel A Chaudhuri, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Numerous cell states are known to comprise the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the developmental stemness and co-occurrence of these cell states remain poorly defined. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on a cohort of treatment-naive PDAC time-of-diagnosis endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) samples (n = 25). We then combined these samples with surgical resection (n = 6) and publicly available samples to increase statistical power (n = 80). Following annotation into 25 distinct cell states, cells were scored for developmental stemness, and a customized version of the Ecotyper tool was used to identify communities …

Burosumab Vs Phosphate/Active Vitamin D In Pediatric X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: A Subgroup Analysis By Dose Level, Erik A Imel, Michael P Whyte, Andrew Biggin, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

CONTEXT: In an open-label, randomized, controlled, phase 3 trial in 61 children aged 1 to 12 years with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), burosumab improved rickets vs continuing conventional therapy with active vitamin D and phosphate.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted an analysis to determine whether skeletal responses differed when switching to burosumab vs continuing higher or lower doses of conventional therapy.

METHODS: Conventional therapy dose groups were defined as higher-dose phosphate [greater than 40 mg/kg] (HPi), lower-dose phosphate [40 mg/kg or less] (LPi), higher-dose alfacalcidol [greater than 60 ng/kg] or calcitriol [greater than 30 ng/kg] (HD), and lower-dose alfacalcidol [60 ng/kg or less] …

Extrinsic And Intrinsic Preanalytical Variables Affecting Liquid Biopsy In Cancer, Syeda Maheen Batool, Siddarth Rawal, Richard J Cote, Mark Watson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Liquid biopsy, through isolation and analysis of disease-specific analytes, has evolved as a promising tool for safe and minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of tumors. It also has tremendous utility as a companion diagnostic allowing detection of biomarkers in a range of cancers (lung, breast, colon, ovarian, brain). However, clinical implementation and validation remains a challenge. Among other stages of development, preanalytical variables are critical in influencing the downstream cellular and molecular analysis of different analytes. Although considerable progress has been made to address these challenges, a comprehensive assessment of the impact on diagnostic parameters and consensus on standardized and …

Macrocephaly And Developmental Delay Caused By Missense Variants In Rab5c, Klaas Koop, Weimin Yuan, Bo Zhang, Zachary D Dawson, Anika Lindsey, Huiyan Huang, Dustin Baldridge, Gary A Silverman, Stephen C Pak, Tim Schedl, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Rab GTPases are important regulators of intracellular vesicular trafficking. RAB5C is a member of the Rab GTPase family that plays an important role in the endocytic pathway, membrane protein recycling and signaling. Here we report on 12 individuals with nine different heterozygous de novo variants in RAB5C. All but one patient with missense variants (n = 9) exhibited macrocephaly, combined with mild-to-moderate developmental delay. Patients with loss of function variants (n = 2) had an apparently more severe clinical phenotype with refractory epilepsy and intellectual disability but a normal head circumference. Four missense variants were investigated experimentally. In vitro biochemical …

Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy: Improving Clinical Outcomes With A Multi-Pronged Approach, Dhivya Sridaran, Elliot Bradshaw, Carl Deselm, Russell Pachynski, Kiran Mahajan, Nupam P Mahajan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cancer immunotherapy has gained traction in recent years owing to remarkable tumor clearance in some patients. Despite the notable success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in multiple malignancies, engagement of the immune system for targeted prostate cancer (PCa) therapy is still in its infancy. Multiple factors contribute to limited response, including the heterogeneity of PCa, the cold tumor microenvironment, and a low number of neoantigens. Significant effort is being invested in improving immune-based PCa therapies. This review is a summary of the status of immunotherapy in treating PCa, with a discussion of multiple immune modalities, including vaccines, adoptively transferred T …

The Liquid Biopsy Consortium: Challenges And Opportunities For Early Cancer Detection And Monitoring, Syeda Maheen Batool, Mark Watson, Rebecca Aft, Siddarth Rawal, Richard J Cote, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The emerging field of liquid biopsy stands at the forefront of novel diagnostic strategies for cancer and other diseases. Liquid biopsy allows minimally invasive molecular characterization of cancers for diagnosis, patient stratification to therapy, and longitudinal monitoring. Liquid biopsy strategies include detection and monitoring of circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, and extracellular vesicles. In this review, we address the current understanding and the role of existing liquid-biopsy-based modalities in cancer diagnostics and monitoring. We specifically focus on the technical and clinical challenges associated with liquid biopsy and biomarker development being addressed by the Liquid Biopsy Consortium, established through the National …

Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Delivery Of Anti-Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Antibody To The Brain Of A Porcine Model, Siaka Fadera, Chinwendu Chukwu, Andrew H Stark, Yimei Yue, Lu Xu, Chih-Yen Chien, Jinyun Yuan, Hong Chen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by leveraging the body's immune system to combat cancer cells. However, its effectiveness in brain cancer is hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), impeding the delivery of ICIs to brain tumor cells. This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of using focused ultrasound combined with microbubble-mediated BBB opening (FUS-BBBO) to facilitate trans-BBB delivery of an ICI, anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 antibody (aPD-L1) to the brain of a large animal model. In a porcine model, FUS sonication of targeted brain regions was performed after intravenous microbubble injection, which was followed …

Direct Cost Variance Analysis Of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy Vs Heller Myotomy For Management Of Achalasia: A Tertiary Referral Center Experience, Syedreza Ali Haider, Gregory S Bills, C Prakash Gyawali, Passisd Laoveeravat, Jordan Miller, Samir Softic, Mihir S Wagh, Moamen Gabr

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) has been the traditional surgical treatment for achalasia. Recently, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has demonstrated similar clinical outcomes with shorter procedure times. Studies comparing the direct cost-effectiveness of POEM

AIM: To compare costs of POEM

METHODS: This retrospective chart review aimed to compare the outcomes and cost of clinical care between patients who underwent POEM and LHM procedures for achalasia. The study was conducted at a tertiary academic center from January 2019 to December 2020. Clinical outcomes, including post-operative Eckardt scores and adverse events, were assessed and compared between the two groups. Direct cost variance …

Dual Task Measures In Older Adults With And Without Cognitive Impairment: Response To Simultaneous Cognitive-Exercise Training And Minimal Clinically Important Difference Estimates, I-Chen Chen, I-Ching Chuang, Ku-Chou Chang, Chih-Hung Chang, Ching-Yi Wu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) are critical indices to understand whether observed improvement represents a meaningful improvement after intervention. Although simultaneous cognitive-exercise training (SCET; e.g., performing memory tasks while cycling) has been suggested to enhance the cognitive function of older adults, responsiveness and MCID have not been established. Hence, we aimed to estimate responsiveness and MCIDs of two dual task performance involving cognition and hand function in older adults with and without cognitive impairment and to compare the differences in responsiveness and MCIDs of the two dual task performance between older adults with and without cognitive impairment. …

Time- And Region-Dependent Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment In A Rat Model Of Organophosphate-Induced Status Epilepticus, Pedro N Bernardino, Brad A Hobson, Sydney L Huddleston, Peter M Andrew, Jeremy A Macmahon, Naomi H Saito, Valerie A Porter, Donald A Bruun, Danielle J Harvey, Joel R Garbow, Angie Gelli, Abhijit J Chaudhari, Pamela J Lein

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Acute organophosphate (OP) intoxication can trigger seizures that progress to status epilepticus (SE), and survivors often develop chronic morbidities, including spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). The pathogenic mechanisms underlying OP-induced SRS are unknown, but increased BBB permeability is hypothesized to be involved. Previous studies reported BBB leakage following OP-induced SE, but key information regarding time and regional distribution of BBB impairment during the epileptogenic period is missing. To address this data gap, we characterized the spatiotemporal progression of BBB impairment during the first week post-exposure in a rat model of diisopropylfluorophosphate-induced SE, using MRI and albumin immunohistochemistry. Increased BBB permeability, which …

Computed Tomography Attenuation Of Three-Dimensional (3d) Printing Materials-Depository To Aid In Constructing 3d-Printed Phantoms, Yuktesh Kalidindi, Aravinda Krishna Ganapathy, Yash Nayak, Anusha Elumalai, David Z Chen, Grace Bishop, Adrian Sanchez, Brian Albers, Anup S Shetty, David H Ballard

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Three-dimensionally printed phantoms are increasingly used in medical imaging and research due to their cost-effectiveness and customizability, offering valuable alternatives to commercial phantoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) attenuation characteristics of 27 resin materials from Formlabs, a 3D printing equipment and materials manufacturer. Cube phantoms (both solid and hollow constructions) produced with each resin were subjected to CT scanning under varying tube current-time products with attenuation measurements recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). The resins exhibited a wide range of attenuation values (-3.33 to 2666.27 HU), closely mimicking a range of human tissues, from …

Manf Stimulates Autophagy And Restores Mitochondrial Homeostasis To Treat Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease In Mice, Yeawon Kim, Chuang Li, Chenjian Gu, Yili Fang, Eric Tycksen, Terri A Pietka, Jothilingam Sivapackiam, Sun-Ji Park, Fumihiko Urano, Vijay Sharma, Ying Maggie Chen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Misfolded protein aggregates may cause toxic proteinopathy, including autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to uromodulin mutations (ADTKD-UMOD), a leading hereditary kidney disease. There are no targeted therapies. In our generated mouse model recapitulating human ADTKD-UMOD carrying a leading UMOD mutation, we show that autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis are impaired, leading to cGAS-STING activation and tubular injury. Moreover, we demonstrate that inducible tubular overexpression of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a secreted endoplasmic reticulum protein, after the onset of disease stimulates autophagy/mitophagy, clears mutant UMOD, and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through p-AMPK enhancement, thus protecting kidney function in our ADTKD mouse …

Single High Dose Of Liposomal Amphotericin B In Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Aids-Related Disseminated Histoplasmosis: A Randomized Trial, Alessandro C Pasqualotto, Andrej Spec, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is a major AIDS-defining illness in Latin America. Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) is the drug of choice for treatment, but access is restricted due to the high drug and hospitalization costs of the conventional long regimens.

METHODS: Prospective randomized multicenter open-label trial of 1- or 2-dose induction therapy with L-AmB versus control for disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS, followed by oral itraconazole therapy. We randomized subjects to: (i) single dose 10 mg/kg of L-AmB; (ii) 10 mg/kg of L-AmB on D1, and 5 mg/kg of L-AmB on D3; (iii) 3 mg/kg of L-AmB daily for 2 weeks (control). The …

Elevated Level Of Circulating But Not Urine S100a8/A9 Identifies Poor Covid-19 Outcomes, Leah Mellett, Gaya Amarasinghe, Christopher W Farnsworth, Shabaana A Khader

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The alarmin calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is thought to drive a cytokine storm, a hallmark of severe COVID-19. Recent studies report circulating S100A8/A9 levels can distinguish COVID-19 severity but have only been conducted in non-U.S. cohorts and mainly focus on serum S100A8/A9 levels. Thus, we quantified S100A8/A9 in serum and urine samples from a hospital cohort in St. Louis, Missouri, to expand the understanding of S100A8/A9 as a prognostic biomarker for COVID-19. Elevated S100A8/A9 serum levels were observed in ICU patients (

Pptc7 Maintains Mitochondrial Protein Content By Suppressing Receptor-Mediated Mitophagy, Natalie M Niemi, Lianjie Wei, Andrew J Smith, Merima Forny, David J Pagliarini, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PPTC7 is a resident mitochondrial phosphatase essential for maintaining proper mitochondrial content and function. Newborn mice lacking Pptc7 exhibit aberrant mitochondrial protein phosphorylation, suffer from a range of metabolic defects, and fail to survive beyond one day after birth. Using an inducible knockout model, we reveal that loss of Pptc7 in adult mice causes marked reduction in mitochondrial mass and metabolic capacity with elevated hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Pptc7 knockout animals exhibit increased expression of the mitophagy receptors BNIP3 and NIX, and Pptc7

Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia Coli And The Hemolytic–Uremic Syndrome, Stephen B Freedman, Nicole C A J Van De Kar, Phillip I Tarr

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Parents, But Not Their Children, Demonstrate Greater Delay Discounting With Resource Scarcity, Alyssa M Button, Rocco A Paluch, Kenneth B Schechtman, Denise E Wilfley, Nancy Geller, Teresa Quattrin, Stephen R Cook, Ihouma U Eneli, Leonard H Epstein

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Individuals with obesity tend to discount the future (delay discounting), focusing on immediate gratification. Delay discounting is reliably related to indicators of economic scarcity (i.e., insufficient resources), including lower income and decreased educational attainment in adults. It is unclear whether the impact of these factors experienced by parents also influence child delay discounting between the ages of 8 and 12-years in families with obesity.

METHODS: The relationship between indices of family income and delay discounting was studied in 452 families with parents and 6-12-year-old children with obesity. Differences in the relationships between parent economic, educational and Medicaid status, and …

Perinatal Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Reshapes The Transcriptional Profile And Functionality Of Nk Cells, Carmen Rožmanić, Eugene Park, Wayne M Yokoyama, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Infections in early life can elicit substantially different immune responses and pathogenesis than infections in adulthood. Here, we investigate the consequences of murine cytomegalovirus infection in newborn mice on NK cells. We show that infection severely compromised NK cell maturation and functionality in newborns. This effect was not due to compromised virus control. Inflammatory responses to infection dysregulated the expression of major transcription factors governing NK cell fate, such as Eomes, resulting in impaired NK cell function. Most prominently, NK cells from perinatally infected mice have a diminished ability to produce IFN-γ due to the downregulation of long non-coding RNA …