Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Orofacial Pain Overview: Getting Rid Of The Riddles, Andrew L. Young

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

While most pains that find their way to the dental office are dental in origin, some have less familiar roots: muscular, joint, neurological, headache, sinus or psychological. All of these roots can at times masquerade as a toothache. The purpose of this article is to alert the dentist to the select features of each root that distinguish it from the rest, resulting in efficient and appropriate treatment.

Using The Assessment Process To Improve Evidence-Based Information Gathering Skills For Future Audiologists, Mickel Paris, Jiong Hu, Veronica Koo, Susanna Marshall, Gabriella Musacchia

University Libraries Librarian and Staff Articles and Papers

Success of students in Doctor of Audiology programs depends on the ability of the learner to find and evaluate scholarly evidence. The objective of this study is to determine if an information literacy training session on evidence-based information gathering will increase four student measures: (1) Attitudes toward gathering and evaluating scholarly evidence, (2) Knowledge about evidence-base information gathering practices, (3) Perceived value of the training regarding evidence-based searching methods, and (4) Ability to gather evidence for clinical research questions. 23 first-year audiology doctoral students (AuD) at the University of the Pacific in San Francisco participated in this study. Pre- and …

Sexual Dimorphism In Rat Vascular Function Of Type I And Type Ii Diabetes: Role Of Edrfs, Roshanak Rahimian

Science Seminar Series

Dr. Roshanak Rahimian, professor of physiology and pharmacology in the Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences will tell us about her work on understanding the mechanisms underlying the interaction of sex and diabetes in vasculature.

Over the past decade, diabetes and obesity have reached epidemic levels in developed countries, and has become one of the most serious and challenging health problems in the 21st century. Several studies suggest that diabetes affects male and female vascular beds differently. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction of sex and diabetes in vasculature remain to be investigated. We have shown that …

Voice Pitch Elicited Frequency Following Response In Chinese Elderlies, Shuo Wang, Jiong Hu, Ruijuan Dong, Dongxin Liu, Jing Chen, Gabriella Musacchia, Bo Liu

All Faculty Scholarship

Background: Perceptual and electrophysiological studies have found reduced speech discrimination in quiet and noisy environment, delayed neural timing, decreased neural synchrony, and decreased temporal processing ability in elderlies, even those with normal hearing. However, recent studies have also demonstrated that language experience and auditory training enhance the temporal dynamics of sound encoding in the auditory brainstem response (ABR). The purpose of this study was to explore the pitch processing ability at the brainstem level in an aging population that has a tonal language background. Method: Mandarin speaking younger (n = 12) and older (n = 12) adults were recruited for …

Nucleoside-Diphosphate-Kinase Of P. Gingivalis Is Secreted From Epithelial Cells In The Absence Of A Leader Sequence Through A Pannexin-1 Interactome, Kalina Atanasova, Jungnam Lee, Joann Roberts, Kyulim Lee, David M. Ojcius, Özlem Yilmaz

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Nucleoside-diphosphate-kinases (NDKs) are leaderless, multifunctional enzymes. The mode(s) of NDK secretion is currently undefined, while extracellular translocation of bacterial NDKs is critical for avoidance of host pathogen clearance by opportunistic pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. gingivalis-NDK during infection inhibits extracellular-ATP (eATP)/P2X7-receptor mediated cell death in gingival epithelial cells (GECs) via eATP hydrolysis. Furthermore, depletion of pannexin-1-hemichannel (PNX1) coupled with P2X7-receptor blocks the infection-induced eATP release in GECs, and P. gingivalis-NDK impacts this pathway. Ultrastructural and confocal microscopy of P. gingivalis-co-cultured GECs or green-fluorescent-protein (GFP)-P. gingivalis-NDK transfected GECs revealed a perinuclear/cytoplasmic localization of NDK. eATP stimulation induced NDK recruitment to …

An Iron Detection System Determines Bacterial Swarming Initiation And Biofilm Formation, Chuan-Sheng Lin, Yu-Huan Tsai, Chih-Jung Chang, Shun-Fu Tseng, Tseng-Ru Wu, Chia-Chen Lu, Ting-Shu Wu, Jang-Jih Lu, Jim-Tong Horng, Jan Martel, David M. Ojcius, Hsin-Chih Lai, John Ding-E. Young

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Iron availability affects swarming and biofilm formation in various bacterial species. However, how bacteria sense iron and coordinate swarming and biofilm formation remains unclear. Using Serratia marcescens as a model organism, we identify here a stage-specific iron-regulatory machinery comprising a two-component system (TCS) and the TCS-regulated iron chelator 2-isocyano-6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (ICDH-Coumarin) that directly senses and modulates environmental ferric iron (Fe3+) availability to determine swarming initiation and biofilm formation. We demonstrate that the two-component system RssA-RssB (RssAB) directly senses environmental ferric iron (Fe³⁺) and transcriptionally modulates biosynthesis of flagella and the iron chelator ICDH-Coumarin whose production requires the pvc cluster. …

Pyk2 Activates The Nlrp3 Inflammasome By Directly Phosphorylating Asc And Contributes To Inflammasome-Dependent Peritonitis, I-Che Chung, Chun-Nan Ouyang, Sheng-Ning Yuan, Hsin-Pai P. Li, Jeng-Ting Chen, Hui-Ru Shieh, Yu-Jen Chen, David M. Ojcius, Ching-Liang Chu, Jau-Song Yu, Yu-Sun Chang, Lih-Chyang Chen

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The inflammasome adaptor protein, ASC, contributes to both innate immune responses and inflammatory diseases via self-oligomerization, which leads to the activation of the protease, caspase-1. Here, we report that the cytosolic tyrosine kinases, FAK and Pyk2, are differentially involved in NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation. The inhibition of FAK and Pyk2 with RNA interference or chemical inhibitors dramatically abolished ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β secretion in response to NLRP3 or AIM2 stimulation. Pyk2 is phosphorylated by the kinase Syk and relocalizes to the ASC specks upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Pyk2, but not FAK, could directly phosphorylate ASC at Tyr146, …

Who Have You Been Kissing? (Oral Lesions), Jed Grant

Physician Assistant Faculty & Staff Presentations

No abstract provided.

Emerging Trends In Infectious Disease, Jed Grant

Physician Assistant Faculty & Staff Presentations

No abstract provided.

Danger Signals, Inflammasomes, And The Intricate Intracellular Lives Of Chlamydiae, M. A. Pettengill, A. A. Sater, R. Coutinho-Silva, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, and as such are sensitive to alterations in the cellular physiology of their hosts. Chlamydial infections often cause pathologic consequences due to prolonged localized inflammation. Considerable advances have been made in the last few years regarding our understanding of how two key inflammation-associated signaling pathways influence the biology of

Physical Fitness And Self-Image: An Evaluation Of The Exercise Self-Schema Questionnaire Using Direct Measures Of Physical Fitness., Jafra D. Thomas, J. Mark Van Ness, Bradley J. Cardinal

College of the Pacific Faculty Articles

The purpose of this study was to perform a construct validity assessment of Kendzierski's exercise self-schema theory questionnaire using objective measures of health-related physical fitness. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals with an exercise self-schema would possess significantly greater physical fitness than those who did not across three domains of health-related physical fitness: Body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and upper-body muscular endurance. Undergraduate student participants from one private university on the west coast of the United States completed informed consent forms and the exercise self-schema questionnaire within a classroom setting or at an on-campus outside tabling session. Participants not meeting …

The Relationship Between Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Behavioral Regulation, And Participation In Crossfit, Melissa J. Davies, Lyndsie Coleman, Megan Babkes Stellino

College of the Pacific Faculty Articles

CrossFit can be described as a relatively new fitness training method that is based on a variety of high-intensity weight training, body weight movements, and cardiovascular exercise. Given the recent rise in CrossFit establishments, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between basic need satisfaction (autonomy, relatedness, competence), behavioral regulation toward CrossFit, and actual participation behaviors within the framework of Self-Determination Theory. CrossFit participants (N = 206; Mage = 37.6 years), majority Caucasian (76%), females (58%), who reported attending three (n = 91; 44.2%) and five (n = 78; 37.9%) CrossFit sessions per week completed online surveys …

Contact Point, Arthur A. Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Contact Point

No abstract provided.

Trident - August 2016, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Trident

The newsletter of the Pacific Orthodontic Alumni Chapter at University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry.

Purinergic Signaling During Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection, C. Silva, A. C. Morandini, David M. Ojcius, R. Coutinho-Silva,

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Despite recent advances unraveling mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions in innate immunity, the participation of purinergic signaling in infection-driven inflammation remains an emerging research field with many unanswered questions. As one of the most-studied oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered as a keystone pathogen with a central role in development of periodontal disease. This pathogen needs to evade immune-mediated defense mechanisms and tolerate inflammation in order to survive in the host. In this review, we summarize evidence showing that purinergic signaling modulates P. gingivalis survival and cellular immune responses, and discuss the role played by inflammasome activation and cell death during …

Pharmart: The Art Of Bringing Faculty, Librarians, And Students Together, Mickel Paris, Edward L. Rogan, R. Stark, Cassie Etter, Kate Dopkins

University Libraries Librarian and Staff Presentations

No abstract provided.

Hepatitis C Virus Frameshift/Alternate Reading Frame Protein Suppresses Interferon Responses Mediated By Pattern Recognition Receptor Retinoic-Acid-Inducible Gene-I, Seung Bum Park, Scott Seronello, Wasima Mayer, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) actively evades host interferon (IFN) responses but the mechanisms of how it does so are not completely understood. In this study, we present evidence for an HCV factor that contributes to the suppression of retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-mediated IFN induction. Expression of frameshift/alternate reading frame protein (F/ARFP) from HCV -2/+1 frame in Huh7 hepatoma cells suppressed type I IFN responses stimulated by HCV RNA pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and poly(IC). The suppression occurred independently of other HCV factors; and activation of interferon stimulated genes, TNFα, IFN-λ1, and IFN-λ2/3 was likewise suppressed by HCV F/ARFP. Point mutations in …

Adolescent Bmi Trajectories With Clusters Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior: An Exploratory Analysis, Kathryn C. Nesbit, J A. Low, Susan B. Sisson

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories associated with weight classification, and to examine demographic characteristics and clusters of obesogenic behaviours in adolescents with these trajectories.Methods: Data were extracted from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 1,006, Grades 5–8). The independent variables were physical activity (accelerometer and child report), sports participation, television/video watching time and recreational computer use. The dependent variable was raw BMI. Growth mixture modelling, mixture modelling and independent t-test analyses were used.Results: Two distinct BMI trajectories …

Alternative Functions For The Multifarious Inflammasome, J. Martel, H. C. Lai, Y. F. Ko, J. D. Young, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The inflammasome has been mainly studied in innate immune cells in which it senses microbes and cellular damage, and induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This process induces an inflammatory response that is critical for the resolution of infections and repair of tissue damage following injury. Recent studies indicate that inflammasome complex formation also participates in many other cellular and physiological processes beyond modulation of inflammation, such as autophagy, metabolism, eicosanoids production, and phagosome maturation.

Current State Of Opioid Therapy And Abuse, Laxmaiah Manchikanti, Adam M. Kaye, Alan David Kaye

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Currently, there is growing tension between the twin challenges of opioid therapy for chronic pain and adverse consequences of abuse, leading to multiple complications including respiratory failure and death. The recent data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have shown continued escalation of prescription opioid use with opioid overdose deaths topping all previous estimations. Numerous policy initiatives, advisories, and guidelines have been advanced through the years to control the opioid epidemic. The strategies to prevent opioid abuse and to maintain opioid therapy when medically necessary fall into primary and secondary prevention categories. The primary prevention category is extremely …

Neurotrophic Factors: Promising Candidates In Tissue Regeneration, Nan (Tori) Xiao

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Advances In Endodontics: Potential Applications In Clinical Practice., Anil Kishen, Ove A. Peters, Matthias Zehnder, Anibal R. Diogenes, Madhu K. Nair

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Contemporary endodontics has seen an unprecedented advance in technology and materials. This article aimed to review some of the challenges and advances in the following sections: (1) endodontic imaging, (2) root canal preparation, (3) root canal disinfection, (4) root canal filling, and (4) regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). Jointly, these advances are aimed at improving the state of the art and science of root canal treatment.

Increasing Confidence In Evidence-Based Information Gathering For First Year Aud Students, Mickel Paris, Jiong Hu, Veronica Koo, Susanna Marshall, Gabriella Musacchia

University Libraries Librarian and Staff Presentations

Success of students in Doctor of Audiology programs largely depends on the ability of the learner to find and evaluate scholarly evidence. The purpose of this study is to measure changes in student information gathering confidence and behavior following training in evidence-based information gathering strategies. Results support the hypothesis that understanding foundational concepts in evidence-based practice (EBP) early in the first year of doctoral education allows the learner to gain confidence in information gathering and produce higher quality scholarly output.

Educational Outcomes Of Small-Group Discussion Versus Traditional Lecture Format In Dental Students' Learning And Skills Acquisition., Ana Arias, Raymond Scott, Ove A. Peters, Elizabeth Mcclain, Alan H. Gluskin

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The aim of this prospective quantitative study was to compare the effect of different instructional formats on dental students' skills and knowledge acquisition for access cavity preparation. All first-year dental students were invited to participate in this study conducted during the four consecutive two-week endodontic rotation courses at the University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry in spring semester 2015. Four alphabetically distributed intact groups of students were randomly allocated to two groups (n=70 each) that participated in either small-group discussion or a traditional lecture on access preparation. The first outcome measure was skill acquisition, measured by …

Contact Point, Arthur A. Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Contact Point

No abstract provided.

Mining The Csdcas Data: Uses For Admission Tables, Grant Preparation, And Caa Reports, Larry Boles, Jim Tsiamtsiouris

School of Pharmacy Faculty Presentations

No abstract provided.

Retigabine Holds Kv7 Channels Open And Stabilizes The Resting Potential, Aaron Corbin-Leftwich, Sayeed M. Mossadeq, Junghoon Ha, Iwona Ruchala, Audrey Han Ngoc Le, Carlos A. Villalba-Galea

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

The anticonvulsant Retigabine is a KV7 channel agonist used to treat hyperexcitability disorders in humans. Retigabine shifts the voltage dependence for activation of the heteromeric KV7.2/KV7.3 channel to more negative potentials, thus facilitating activation. Although the molecular mechanism underlying Retigabine's action remains unknown, previous studies have identified the pore region of KV7 channels as the drug's target. This suggested that the Retigabine-induced shift in voltage dependence likely derives from the stabilization of the pore domain in an open (conducting) conformation. Testing this idea, we show that the heteromeric KV7.2/KV7.3 channel has at least two open states, which we named O1 …

Trident - February 2016, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Trident

The newsletter of the Pacific Orthodontic Alumni Chapter at University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry.

Impact Of Tofacitinib On Patient Outcomes In Rheumatoid Arthritis: Review Of Clinical Studies, Eric G. Boyce, Deepti Vyas, Edward L. Rogan, Cynthia S. Valle-Oseguera, Kate M. O'Dell

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease associated with inflammation and destruction of joints and systemic effects, which result in significant impact on patient's quality of life and function. Tofacitinib was approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the USA in 2012 and subsequently in other countries, but not by the European Medicines Agency. The goal of this review was to evaluate the impact of tofacitinib on patient-reported and patient-specific outcomes from prior clinical studies, focusing on quality of life, functionality, pain, global disease assessment, major adverse consequences, and withdrawals. A total of 13 reports representing 11 clinical …

Adolescent Bmi Trajectories With Clusters Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior: An Exploratory Analysis, K. Nesbit, Justin Low, S. B. Sisson

Benerd College Faculty Articles

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories associated with weight classification, and to examine demographic characteristics and clusters of obesogenic behaviours in adolescents with these trajectories.

Methods: Data were extracted from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 1,006, Grades 5–8). The independent variables were physical activity (accelerometer and child report), sports participation, television/video watching time and recreational computer use. The dependent variable was raw BMI. Growth mixture modelling, mixture modelling and independent t-test analyses were used.

Results: Two distinct …