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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
New Procedures To Assess Executive Functions In Preschool Children, K. A. Espy, P. M. Kaufmann, M. L. Glisky, M. D. Mcdiarmid
New Procedures To Assess Executive Functions In Preschool Children, K. A. Espy, P. M. Kaufmann, M. L. Glisky, M. D. Mcdiarmid
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications
Executive functions are difficult to assess in preschool children, yet the preschool period is particularly important, both in the development of behavioral control and of the brain, particularly the prefrontal cortex. Several tasks were adapted from developmental and neuroscience literature and then administered to 98 preschool children (30-, 36-, 42-, 48- and 60-month age groups). Executive function task performance was related largely to age group, but not to sex or intelligence. These tasks, then, were sensitive in this age range and may be useful to delineate distinct cognitive profiles among preschool children with various neurological and developmental disorders.
Chemotherapeutic Cns Prophylaxis And Neuropsychologic Change In Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Prospective Study, K. A. Espy, I. M. Moore, P. M. Kaufmann, J. H. Kramer, K. Matthay, J. J. Hutter
Chemotherapeutic Cns Prophylaxis And Neuropsychologic Change In Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Prospective Study, K. A. Espy, I. M. Moore, P. M. Kaufmann, J. H. Kramer, K. Matthay, J. J. Hutter
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prophylactic CNS chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with declines in neuropsychological abilities. METHODS: Growth curve analysis was used to examine neuropsychological outcome and treatment-related change in children (N = 30) who were treated at two childhood cancer centers. A comprehensive test battery was administered at baseline (8 months), 2, 3, and 4 years postdiagnosis (age at diagnosis M = 5.90 years, SD = 4.2C). RESULTS: Results indicated modest declines in arithmetic, visual motor integration, and verbal fluency. Intrathecal and systemic treatment was related to poorer visual motor integration at 4 years postdiagnosis and …
Evidence For Two Mechanisms Of Amino Acid Osmolyte Release From Hippocampal Slices, R. Franco, M. E. Torres-Marquez, H. Pasantes-Morales
Evidence For Two Mechanisms Of Amino Acid Osmolyte Release From Hippocampal Slices, R. Franco, M. E. Torres-Marquez, H. Pasantes-Morales
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
A 30% decrease in osmolarity stimulated 3H-taurine, 3H-GABA and glutamate (followed as 3H-D-aspartate) efflux from rat hippocampal slices. 3H-taurine efflux was activated rapidly but inactivated slowly. It was decreased markedly by 100 μM 5-nitro-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and 600 μM niflumic acid and inhibited strongly by tyrphostins AG18, AG879 and AG112 (25–100 μM), suggesting a tyrosine kinase-mediated mechanism. Hyposmolarity activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) extracellular-signal-related kinase-1/2 (ERK1/ERK2) and p38, but blockade of this reaction did not affect 3H-taurine efflux. Hyposmosis also activated phosphatidyl-inositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its prevention by wortmannin (100 nM) essentially abolished …