Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Medicine and Health Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Series

2001

Discipline
Keyword
Publication
File Type

Articles 1 - 30 of 69

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Individual Differences In Behavioral Responses To Novelty And Amphetamine Self-Administration In Male And Female Rats, J. E. Klebaur, Rick A. Bevins, T. M. Segar, M. T. Bardo Dec 2001

Individual Differences In Behavioral Responses To Novelty And Amphetamine Self-Administration In Male And Female Rats, J. E. Klebaur, Rick A. Bevins, T. M. Segar, M. T. Bardo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Previous work has shown that individual differences in locomotor activity in an inescapable novel environment can predict acquisition of amphetamine self-administration. The current study examined whether individual differences in approach to novelty in a free choice test could also predict amphetamine self-administration. Further, the current study examined whether individual differences in either free choice or inescapable novelty tests could predict responding for a nondrug reinforcer (sucrose) in the presence and absence of amphetamine. Male and female rats were first tested for their response to free choice novelty (playground maze and novelty-induced place preference tests) and inescapable novelty. They were then …

Go to article

Anger, Child Behavior, And Family Distress: Further Evaluation Of The Parental Anger Inventory, Georganna Sedlar, David J. Hansen Dec 2001

Anger, Child Behavior, And Family Distress: Further Evaluation Of The Parental Anger Inventory, Georganna Sedlar, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Presumably, anger is a common experience of parenting. Although practitioners and researchers recognize the role of anger in various parenting situations, objective and standardized measures of parental anger have been notably lacking in the field. This study examined the Parental Anger Inventory (PAI), a measure developed specifically to assess parental anger in response to child misbehavior. A diverse sample of 98 parents participated in the study, including (a) physically abusive or neglectful parents, or both, n = 44; (b) nonmaltreating clinic parents seeking assistance for child behavior problems, n = 24; and (c) nonmaltreating, non–help-seeking community parents, n = 30. …

Go to article

Rumination And Cigarette Smoking: A Bad Combination For Depressive Outcomes?, Malia Richmond, Bonnie Spring, Beth Kaplan Sommerfeld, Dennis E. Mcchargue Dec 2001

Rumination And Cigarette Smoking: A Bad Combination For Depressive Outcomes?, Malia Richmond, Bonnie Spring, Beth Kaplan Sommerfeld, Dennis E. Mcchargue

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Ruminative coping has been shown to heighten the risk and severity of depression. The authors hypothesized that ruminators who smoke would experience greater depressive symptoms than ruminators who do not. The rationale is that, by heightening attentional focus, nicotine may increase ruminators' ability to focus on negative thoughts, augmenting depressed mood. Participants (N = 145) self-reported smoking status, rumination, and current and lifetime depressive symptoms, including depressed mood. Results showed that rumination accounted for a larger amount of variance in current and past depressed mood and severity of lifetime depressive symptoms among smokers than nonsmokers. Noncorrelational, experimental research should …

Go to article

Multimodal Assessment Of The Effect Of Chewing Gum On Nicotine Withdrawal, Lee M. Cohen, Dana M. Britt, Frank L. Collins, Mustafa Al-Absi, Dennis E. Mcchargue Dec 2001

Multimodal Assessment Of The Effect Of Chewing Gum On Nicotine Withdrawal, Lee M. Cohen, Dana M. Britt, Frank L. Collins, Mustafa Al-Absi, Dennis E. Mcchargue

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of chewing gum to reduce nicotine withdrawal, craving, and salivary cortisol concentrations during temporary nicotine deprivation. A total of 20 male smokers were studied under conditions when gum was and was not accessible during a 4-hour deprivation period. All subjects smoked an initial cigarette shortly after arrival for the two experimental sessions and were informed that they would be unable to smoke for the remainder of each session. The sessions consisted of each subject watching a movie, then waiting in the lab for two consecutive 30-min intervals. Self-reported nicotine withdrawal and …

Go to article

Ultrasound Based Quantitative Motion Measurement Using Speckle Size Estimation, James D. Hamilton, Larry Y. L. Mo, Gregory R. Bashford Nov 2001

Ultrasound Based Quantitative Motion Measurement Using Speckle Size Estimation, James D. Hamilton, Larry Y. L. Mo, Gregory R. Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

An ultrasound system determines the relative movement in a first direction (F1) of first matter, such as blood flow, and second matter, such as an artery wall, in a subject under study (S). A beam (B1) of ultrasound waves defining a plurality of beam positions (BP1 and BP2) and beam axes (A1 and A2) are moved in scan direction having components parallel to direction F1. First and second blocks of data representing the first and second matter, respectively, are generated. A processor (20) performs an estimation of speckle size on first data to obtain a first result, and performs analysis …

Go to article

New Procedures To Assess Executive Functions In Preschool Children, K. A. Espy, P. M. Kaufmann, M. L. Glisky, M. D. Mcdiarmid Nov 2001

New Procedures To Assess Executive Functions In Preschool Children, K. A. Espy, P. M. Kaufmann, M. L. Glisky, M. D. Mcdiarmid

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

Executive functions are difficult to assess in preschool children, yet the preschool period is particularly important, both in the development of behavioral control and of the brain, particularly the prefrontal cortex. Several tasks were adapted from developmental and neuroscience literature and then administered to 98 preschool children (30-, 36-, 42-, 48- and 60-month age groups). Executive function task performance was related largely to age group, but not to sex or intelligence. These tasks, then, were sensitive in this age range and may be useful to delineate distinct cognitive profiles among preschool children with various neurological and developmental disorders.

Go to article

Chemotherapeutic Cns Prophylaxis And Neuropsychologic Change In Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Prospective Study, K. A. Espy, I. M. Moore, P. M. Kaufmann, J. H. Kramer, K. Matthay, J. J. Hutter Nov 2001

Chemotherapeutic Cns Prophylaxis And Neuropsychologic Change In Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Prospective Study, K. A. Espy, I. M. Moore, P. M. Kaufmann, J. H. Kramer, K. Matthay, J. J. Hutter

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prophylactic CNS chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with declines in neuropsychological abilities. METHODS: Growth curve analysis was used to examine neuropsychological outcome and treatment-related change in children (N = 30) who were treated at two childhood cancer centers. A comprehensive test battery was administered at baseline (8 months), 2, 3, and 4 years postdiagnosis (age at diagnosis M = 5.90 years, SD = 4.2C). RESULTS: Results indicated modest declines in arithmetic, visual motor integration, and verbal fluency. Intrathecal and systemic treatment was related to poorer visual motor integration at 4 years postdiagnosis and …

Go to article

The Credibility Of Recovered Memory Testimony: Exploring The Effects Of Alleged Victim And Perpetrator Gender, Brian H. Bornstein, Stephanie L. Muller Oct 2001

The Credibility Of Recovered Memory Testimony: Exploring The Effects Of Alleged Victim And Perpetrator Gender, Brian H. Bornstein, Stephanie L. Muller

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: The purpose was to explore the effects of victim/complainant and perpetrator/defendant gender on the impact of recovered memory testimony in criminal sexual abuse trials.
Method: A jury simulation methodology was used. Two hundred forty-six participants read a summary of a sexual abuse trial in which the following three variables were manipulated: the complainant's gender, the defendant's gender, and whether the complainant's memory of the alleged abuse had been "recovered" or remembered all along. Participants reached a verdict and rated the culpability and credibility of the parties.
Results: Compared to a case where the memory of the abuse had always …

Go to article

Should We Essentially Ignore The Role Of Stimuli In A General Account Of Operant Selection?, Rick A. Bevins Oct 2001

Should We Essentially Ignore The Role Of Stimuli In A General Account Of Operant Selection?, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

An "Open Peer Commentary" on the article "A general account of selection: Biology, immunology, and behavior," by David L. Hull, Rodney E. Langman, and Sigrid S. Glenn.

The selectionist account of behavior is actually a focused discussion of operant selection. To this end, the authors essentially exclude stimuli from their analysis. This exclusion is inconsistent with the importance placed on environmental interaction in their general account. Further, this exclusion limits the generality of their account by missing important sources of stimulus-elicited behavior (e.g., classical conditioning).

Go to article

How Do Brazilian Street Youth Experience ‘The Street’?: Analysis Of A Sentence Completion Task, Marcela Raffaelli, Silvia H. Koller, Caroline T. Reppold, Mateus B. Kuschick, Fernanda M. B. Krum, Denise R. Bandeira Oct 2001

How Do Brazilian Street Youth Experience ‘The Street’?: Analysis Of A Sentence Completion Task, Marcela Raffaelli, Silvia H. Koller, Caroline T. Reppold, Mateus B. Kuschick, Fernanda M. B. Krum, Denise R. Bandeira

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study investigated how homeless Brazilian youth experience the street and examined factors linked to positive and negative feelings about the street. An opportunity sample of 35 boys and 34 girls aged 10–18 completed a structured interview and sentence completion task aimed at eliciting open-ended responses in a standardized manner. Analyses revealed great diversity in youths’ views of the street; moreover, in analyses controlling for age and gender, youth reporting feeling positive on the street differed from those who felt negative in reasons for leaving home, family situation and daily survival. The findings support the value of the sentence completion …

Go to article

The Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Immediate-Early Protein (Bicp0) Associates With Histone Deacetylase 1 To Activate Transcription, Yange Zhang, Clinton J. Jones Oct 2001

The Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Immediate-Early Protein (Bicp0) Associates With Histone Deacetylase 1 To Activate Transcription, Yange Zhang, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Infected-cell protein 0 encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) (bICP0) is necessary for efficient productive infection, in large part, because it activates all 3 classes of BHV-1 genes (U. V. Wirth, C. Fraefel, B. Vogt, C. Vlcek, V. Paces, and M. Schwyzer, J. Virol. 66:2763–2772, 1992). Although bICP0 is believed to be a functional homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded ICP0, the only well-conserved domain between the proteins is a zinc ring finger located near the amino terminus of both proteins. Our previous studies demonstrated that bICP0 is toxic to transfected cells but does not appear to directly induce …

Go to article

Just Deserts: An Experimental Study Of Distributive Justice Norms, John T. Scott, Richard E. Matland, Philip A. Michelbach, Brian H. Bornstein Oct 2001

Just Deserts: An Experimental Study Of Distributive Justice Norms, John T. Scott, Richard E. Matland, Philip A. Michelbach, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

We present a theoretically Informed experimental study of distributive justice norms concerning income distribution. Our study consists of three related experiments that examine how individuals use four distinct allocation principles derived from both normative and empirical research— equality, merit, need, and efficiency— under a condition of impartiality. Our experiments are designed to investigate these principles and to determine how independent factors influence how individuals use them. We find that individuals tend to use all or most of these principles simultaneously in making distributive justice judgments, but that they weigh them differently according to various factors. In particular, we find an …

Go to article

Maternal Use Of Baby Walkers With Young Children: Recent Trends And Possible Alternatives, David Dilillo, Amy Damashek, Lizette Peterson Sep 2001

Maternal Use Of Baby Walkers With Young Children: Recent Trends And Possible Alternatives, David Dilillo, Amy Damashek, Lizette Peterson

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives—To examine recent trends in baby walker and exersaucer use, and to assess maternal motivations for choosing to use or not use these devices with children.
Setting—Small, Midwestern city in the United States.
Methods—Retrospective telephone survey with a sample of 329 mothers who provided information about their use of walkers and exersaucers with 463 children born in Columbia, Missouri between January 1994 and April 1999.
Results—Baby walker use in the sample declined fairly steadily from 1994 to 1999, whereas exersaucer use increased during the same period. Altogether 88% of mothers were aware of the injury risks …

Go to article

A Mutation In The Latency-Related Gene Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Leads To Impaired Ocular Shedding In Acutely Infected Calves, Melissa Inman, Luciane Lovato, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones Sep 2001

A Mutation In The Latency-Related Gene Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Leads To Impaired Ocular Shedding In Acutely Infected Calves, Melissa Inman, Luciane Lovato, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle, and infection is usually initiated in the ocular or nasal cavity. Like other alphaherpesviruses, BHV-1 establishes latency in sensory neurons but has the potential of reactivating from latency and spreading. The only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (LR) RNA, which is alternatively spliced in trigeminal ganglia during acute infection (L. R. Devireddy and C. Jones, J. Virol. 72:7294–7301, 1998). LR gene products inhibit cell cycle progression (Y. Jiang, A. Hossain, M. T. Winkler, T. Holt, A. Doster, and C. Jones, J. Virol. 72:8133–8142, 1998) and chemically …

Go to article

The Environment Of Child Maltreatment: Contextual Factors And The Development Of Psychopathology, Debra B. Hecht, David J. Hansen Sep 2001

The Environment Of Child Maltreatment: Contextual Factors And The Development Of Psychopathology, Debra B. Hecht, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Some professionals have hypothesized that the observed problems in children who have been maltreated may actually be a result of the combination of risk factors surrounding the child, including but not limited to direct results of the abuse itself. This article examines the complexity of hypothesized pathways to poor adjustment after physical and sexual abuse. The literature on the impact of major risk factors associated with maltreatment is reviewed in an attempt to clarify the potential contributions of these contextual variables on the development of psychopathology in physically and sexually abused children. The implications this analysis may yield for prevention, …

Go to article

Maternal And Child Reports Of Behavioral Compensation In Response To Safety Equipment Usage, David Dilillo, George Tremblay Aug 2001

Maternal And Child Reports Of Behavioral Compensation In Response To Safety Equipment Usage, David Dilillo, George Tremblay

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: To assess maternal and child risk compensation behaviors in response to several commonly used safety measures.

Methods: We administered a previously validated self-report measure of risk tolerance to a total of 151 mothers and their children in grades 3–7. Mothers indicated the level of risk they would permit their child to assume; children were questioned regarding the degree of physical risk they would typically assume while unsupervised by an adult. Participating families were randomly assigned to conditions in which safety equipment either was or was not present during assessments of risk tolerance.

Results: Mothers who viewed the stimulus materials …

Go to article

‘She’S 16 Years Old And There’S Boys Calling Over To The House’: An Exploratory Study Of Sexual Socialization In Latino Families, Marcela Raffaelli, Lenna L. Ontai Jul 2001

‘She’S 16 Years Old And There’S Boys Calling Over To The House’: An Exploratory Study Of Sexual Socialization In Latino Families, Marcela Raffaelli, Lenna L. Ontai

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Compared to other ethnic groups in the USA, Latino populations are at high risk for negative sexual outcomes, including unplanned pregnancy and HIV/AIDS infection. The goal of this study was to explore the role of cultural beliefs and values in sexual socialization by focusing on the family socialization of adolescent romantic and sexual behavior described by 22 Latina/Hispanic women who took part in in-depth individual interviews. Four broad themes were explored: parental concerns regarding dating, family communication about sexual issues, family rules about dating, and actual dating and sexual experiences. Consistent with traditional cultural views, female romantic involvement outside of …

Go to article

Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis In Veterinary Medicine, N. Beth Harris, Raul G. Barletta Jul 2001

Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis In Veterinary Medicine, N. Beth Harris, Raul G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium are gram-positive, acid- fast organisms that include a number of significant human and animal pathogens. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym M. paratuberculosis) is the etiological agent of a severe gastroenteritis in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease. H. A. Johne and L. Frothingham initially reported the disease in Germany in 1894. However, it was not until 1910 that F. W. Trowt successfully fulfilled Koch’s postulates by growing M. paratuberculosis in the laboratory and reproducing the disease in experimentally infected cattle (46, 148). Johne’s disease is prevalent in domestic animals worldwide and has significant impact on …

Go to article

Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism Genotype Is Associated With Behavioral Disinhibition And Negative Affect In Children Of Alcoholics, Geoffrey R. Twitchell, Gregory L. Hanna, Edwin H. Cook, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Hiram E. Fitzgerald, Robert A. Zucker Jul 2001

Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism Genotype Is Associated With Behavioral Disinhibition And Negative Affect In Children Of Alcoholics, Geoffrey R. Twitchell, Gregory L. Hanna, Edwin H. Cook, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Hiram E. Fitzgerald, Robert A. Zucker

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Background: Serotonergic (5-HT) dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology of both behavioral disinhibition (BD) and negative affect (NA). This work extends our previous finding of relationships between whole blood 5-HT and both BD and NA in pubescent, but not prepubescent, children of alcoholics and continues examination of a hypothesized role of 5-HT dysfunction in alcoholism risk. The long and short (L and S) variants of the 5-HT transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) are responsible for differing transcriptional efficiencies in 5-HT uptake. Although associations have been found between the SS 5-HTTLPR genotype and severe alcoholism and neuroticism, recent reports describe …

Go to article

Advancing Scientific Discourse In The Controversy Surrounding The Comprehensive System For The Rorschach: A Rejoinder To Meyer (2000), James M. Wood, M. Teresa Nezworski, William J. Stejskal, Sena Garven Jun 2001

Advancing Scientific Discourse In The Controversy Surrounding The Comprehensive System For The Rorschach: A Rejoinder To Meyer (2000), James M. Wood, M. Teresa Nezworski, William J. Stejskal, Sena Garven

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A recent commentary by Meyer (2000) in the Journal of Personality Assessment alleged that Rorschach critic Wood and his colleagues had intentionally published information that they knew to be in error. To substantiate this contention, Meyer’s commentary published information that was part of the peer review process at another journal. In this rejoinder, we present factual information that shows we have consistently acted in good faith. This rejoinder suggests that the scientific debate regarding the Comprehensive System for the Rorschach is unlikely to be advanced by speculating about the intentions of Rorschach critics, or by publishing information from the peer …

Go to article

Advancing Scientific Discourse In The Controversy Surrounding The Comprehensive System For The Rorschach: A Rejoinder To Meyer (2000), James M. Wood, M. Teresa Nezworski, William J. Stejskal, Sena Garven Jun 2001

Advancing Scientific Discourse In The Controversy Surrounding The Comprehensive System For The Rorschach: A Rejoinder To Meyer (2000), James M. Wood, M. Teresa Nezworski, William J. Stejskal, Sena Garven

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A recent commentary by Meyer (2000) in the Journal of Personality Assessment alleged that Rorschach critic Wood and his colleagues had intentionally published information that they knew to be in error. To substantiate this contention, Meyer’s commentary published information that was part of the peer review process at another journal. In this rejoinder, we present factual information that shows we have consistently acted in good faith. This rejoinder suggests that the scientific debate regarding the Comprehensive System for the Rorschach is unlikely to be advanced by speculating about the intentions of Rorschach critics, or by publishing information from the peer …

Go to article

Child Sexual Abuse In Asian American Families: An Examination Of Cultural Factors That Influence Prevalence, Identification, And Treatment, Kristine T. Futa, Eugenia Hsu, David J. Hansen Jun 2001

Child Sexual Abuse In Asian American Families: An Examination Of Cultural Factors That Influence Prevalence, Identification, And Treatment, Kristine T. Futa, Eugenia Hsu, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Child sexual abuse affects thousands of families each year. Issues pertaining to the prevalence, identification, and treatment of sexual abuse have been relatively well explored in the literature as they pertain to the dominant European American culture. These issues, however, are still relatively unexplored in terms of how sexual abuse affects Asian American families and the Asian American community. We review the relevant literature in Asian American families. These matters are explored in the context of Asian American values such as collectivity, conformity, inconspicuousness, middle position virtue, shame, self-control, and fatalism. Attitudes toward family, sexuality, and the mental health system …

Go to article

The Effects Of Limiting Punitive Damage Awards, Edith Greene, David Coon, Brian H. Bornstein Jun 2001

The Effects Of Limiting Punitive Damage Awards, Edith Greene, David Coon, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In response to concerns that jury awards in tort cases are excessive and unpredictable, nearly every state legislature has enacted some version of tort reform that is intended to curb extravagant damage awards. One of the most important and controversial reforms involves capping (or limiting) the maximum punitive damage award. We conducted a jury analogue study to assess the impact of this reform. In particular, we examined the possibility that capping punitive awards would cause jurors to inflate their compensatory awards to satisfy their desires to punish the defendant, particularly in situations where the defendant’s conduct was highly reprehensible. Relative …

Go to article

Getting What They Came For: How Power Influences The Dynamics And Outcomes Of Interpersonal Interaction., Mark Snyder, Marc T. Kiviniemi May 2001

Getting What They Came For: How Power Influences The Dynamics And Outcomes Of Interpersonal Interaction., Mark Snyder, Marc T. Kiviniemi

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Many social interactions are indelibly tinged by issues of power and of power differences. Consider some common social interactions: First, imagine a job candidate going in for an interview with a potential employer. Next, consider a teacher meeting new students on the first day of class. Then, imagine two people meeting for a first date. Finally, imagine two college roommates meeting for the first time at the beginning of the semester. Each of these scenarios contains at least two common features, which together set the stage for the arguments that are offered in this chapter. First, each scenario involves a …

Go to article

Multidisciplinarity And Cognitive Science, Barbara Von Eckardt May 2001

Multidisciplinarity And Cognitive Science, Barbara Von Eckardt

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The aim of Schunn, Crowley and Okada’s (1998) study is to address the question of whether the current state of cognitive science, as represented by Cognitive Science and the Cognitive Science Society, “reflects the multidisciplinary ideals of its foundation.” To properly interpret and respond to their results, we need to ask a prior question: What is cognitive science’s multidisciplinary ideal? There are at least two conceptions—a “localist” conception, which seems to be implicit in Schunn, Crowley and Okada’s discussion, and a “holist” conception. I argue that while both have been endorsed by some cognitive scientists, there are reasons for preferring …

Go to article

Interpersonal Functioning Among Women Reporting A History Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Empirical Findings And Methodological Issues, David Dilillo May 2001

Interpersonal Functioning Among Women Reporting A History Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Empirical Findings And Methodological Issues, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A subset of research exploring the long-term impact of child sexual abuse (CSA) has examined the adult interpersonal functioning of female survivors. The present review discusses empirical findings and critical methodological issues related to this important but often overlooked aspect of adult adjustment. Though characterized by several methodological limitations, this literature, as a whole, suggests that early sexual abuse represents a risk factor for a range of interpersonal dysfunction among female survivors, including problems with intimate partner relations, disturbed sexual functioning, and difficulties in the parental role. Suggested methodological improvements for future research include new approaches to the measurement of …

Go to article

Experimental Deer-To-Deer Transmission Of Mycobacterium Bovis, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple, W. Ray Waters May 2001

Experimental Deer-To-Deer Transmission Of Mycobacterium Bovis, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple, W. Ray Waters

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Objective—To determine whether Mycobacterium bovis can be transmitted from experimentally infected deer to uninfected in-contact deer.

Animals—Twenty-three 6-month-old white-tailed deer.

Procedure—On day 0, M bovis (2 X 108 colony-forming units) was administered by intratonsillar instillation to 8 deer; 3 control deer received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Eight in-contact deer were comingled with inoculated deer from day 21. On day 120, inoculated deer were euthanatized and necropsied. On day 180, 4 in-contact deer were euthanatized, and 4 new incontact deer were introduced. On day 360, all in-contact deer were euthanatized. Rectal, oral, and nasal swab specimens and …

Go to article

Rationality In Medical Decision Making: A Review Of The Literature On Doctors’ Decision-Making Biases, Brian H. Bornstein, A. Christine Emler Apr 2001

Rationality In Medical Decision Making: A Review Of The Literature On Doctors’ Decision-Making Biases, Brian H. Bornstein, A. Christine Emler

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this study were to describe ways in which doctors make suboptimal diagnostic and treatment decisions, and to discuss possible means of alleviating those biases, using a review of past studies from the psychological and medical decision-making literatures. A number of biases can affect the ways in which doctors gather and use evidence in making diagnoses. Biases also exist in how doctors make treatment decisions once a defi nitive diagnosis has been made. These biases are not peculiar to the medical domain but, rather, are manifestations of suboptimal reasoning to which people are susceptible in general. None the …

Go to article

Evidence For Two Mechanisms Of Amino Acid Osmolyte Release From Hippocampal Slices, R. Franco, M. E. Torres-Marquez, H. Pasantes-Morales Apr 2001

Evidence For Two Mechanisms Of Amino Acid Osmolyte Release From Hippocampal Slices, R. Franco, M. E. Torres-Marquez, H. Pasantes-Morales

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A 30% decrease in osmolarity stimulated 3H-taurine, 3H-GABA and glutamate (followed as 3H-D-aspartate) efflux from rat hippocampal slices. 3H-taurine efflux was activated rapidly but inactivated slowly. It was decreased markedly by 100 μM 5-nitro-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and 600 μM niflumic acid and inhibited strongly by tyrphostins AG18, AG879 and AG112 (25–100 μM), suggesting a tyrosine kinase-mediated mechanism. Hyposmolarity activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) extracellular-signal-related kinase-1/2 (ERK1/ERK2) and p38, but blockade of this reaction did not affect 3H-taurine efflux. Hyposmosis also activated phosphatidyl-inositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its prevention by wortmannin (100 nM) essentially abolished …

Go to article

Persistent Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection In Us Beef Herds, T. E. Wittum, Dale M. Grotelueschen, K. V. Brock, William G. Kvasnicka, J. G. Floyd, Clayton L. Kelling, K. G. Odde Apr 2001

Persistent Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection In Us Beef Herds, T. E. Wittum, Dale M. Grotelueschen, K. V. Brock, William G. Kvasnicka, J. G. Floyd, Clayton L. Kelling, K. G. Odde

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

In the summer of 1996, we screened 18,931 calves in 128 beef herds located in five US states for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection. Of these, 76 herds were randomly selected from the client database of collaborating veterinary practices, and 52 herds were suspected by the collaborating veterinarians to have BVDV infection based on history or clinical signs. Serum was obtained from each calf in the cooperating herds prior to 4 months of age and tested for the presence of BVDV by microtiter virus isolation. Information about each of the herds (including management practices, vaccination history, and breeding- …

Go to article

Next Last