Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Systemic Perturbations Of The Kynurenine Pathway Precede Progression To Dementia Independently Of Amyloid-Β, Marcela Cespedes, Kelly R. Jacobs, Paul Maruff, Alan Rembach, Christopher J. Fowler, Brett Trounson, Kelly K. Pertile, Rebecca L. Rumble, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Christopher C. Rowe, Victor L. Villemagne, Pierrick Bourgeat, Chai K. Lim, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Ralph N. Martins, Arne Ittner, Colin L. Masters, James D. Doecke, Gilles J. Guillemin, David B. Lovejoy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Increasing evidence suggests that kynurenine pathway (KP) dyshomeostasis may promote disease progression in dementia. Studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients confirm KP dyshomeostasis in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which correlates with amyloid-β and tau pathology. Herein, we performed the first comprehensive study assessing baseline levels of KP metabolites in participants enrolling in the Australian Imaging Biomarkers Flagship Study of Aging. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that changes in KP metabolites may be biomarkers of dementia processes that are largely silent. We used a cross-sectional analytical approach to assess non-progressors (N = 73); cognitively normal (CN) or mild …

Should Acupuncture-Related Therapies Be Considered In Prediabetes Control? Results From A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Min Zhang, Carol Chunfeng Wang, Johnny Lo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

To assess the effects and safety of acupuncture-related therapy (AT) interventions on glycemic control for prediabetes, we systematically searched 14 databases and 5 clinical registry platforms from inception to December 2020. Randomized controlled trials involving AT interventions for managing prediabetes were included (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020209809). Of the 855 identified trials, 34 articles were included for qualitative synthesis, 31 of which were included in the final meta-analysis. Compared with usual care, sham intervention, or conventional medicine, AT treatments yielded greater reductions in the primary outcomes, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (standard mean difference [SMD] = -0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], …

Challenges Experienced By Newly Qualified Nurse-Midwives Transitioning To Practice In Selected Midwifery Settings In Northern Malawi, Mathews Brave Mtegha, Elizabeth Chodzaza, Ellen Chirwa, Fatch Welcome Kalembo, Maggie Zgambo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Literature shows that newly qualified nurse-midwives face challenges integrating into the workforce during their transition period from education to practice. However, little is known about the needs and challenges of Malawian nurse-midwives during their transition from education to practice. The aim of the study was to explore the transition experiences of newly qualified nurse-midwives working in selected midwifery units in Northern Malawi. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive approach was used. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using semi-structured interview guides from a purposive sample of 19 participants (13 newly qualified nurse-midwives and 6 key informants). The researchers developed two interview …

Metabolomics Reveals Mouse Plasma Metabolite Responses To Acute Exercise And Effects Of Disrupting Ampk-Glycogen Interactions, Mehdi R. Belhaj, Nathan G. Lawler, John A. Hawley, David I. Broadhurst, Nolan J. Hoffman, Stacey N. Reinke

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of energy homeostasis that becomes activated by exercise and binds glycogen, an important energy store required to meet exercise-induced energy demands. Disruption of AMPK-glycogen interactions in mice reduces exercise capacity and impairs whole-body metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenotypic effects at rest and following exercise are unknown. Furthermore, the plasma metabolite responses to an acute exercise challenge in mice remain largely uncharacterized. Methods : Plasma samples were collected from wild type (WT) and AMPK double knock-in (DKI) mice with disrupted AMPK-glycogen binding at rest and following 30-min submaximal treadmill …

Metabolomics In Pulmonary Medicine: Extracting The Most From Your Data, Stacey N. Reinke, Romanas Chaleckis, Craig E. Wheelock

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The metabolome enables unprecedented insight into biochemistry, providing an integrated signature of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and exposome. Measurement requires rigorous protocols combined with specialised data analysis to achieve its promise.

Visually Identified Tau 18f-Mk6240 Pet Patterns In Symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease, Natasha Krishnadas, Kun Huang, Stephanie A. Schultz, Vincent Doré, Pierrick Bourgeat, Anita M. Y. Goh, Fiona Lamb, Svetlana Bozinovski, Samantha C. Burnham, Joanne S. Robertson, Simon M. Laws, Paul Maruff, Colin L. Masters, Victor L. Villemagne, Christopher C. Rowe

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: In Alzheimer's disease, heterogeneity has been observed in the postmortem distribution of tau neurofibrillary tangles. Visualizing the topography of tau in vivo may facilitate clinical trials and clinical practice. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether tau distribution patterns that are limited to mesial temporal lobe (MTL)/limbic regions, and those that spare MTL regions, can be visually identified using 18F-MK6240, and whether these patterns are associated with different demographic and cognitive profiles. Methods : Tau 18F-MK6240 PET images of 151 amyloid-β positive participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia were visually rated as: tau negative, limbic predominant (LP), …

Association Of Abdominal Aortic Calcification With Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Bone Measures In Older Women: The Perth Longitudinal Study Of Ageing Women, Jack Dalla Via, Marc Sim, John T. Schousboe, Douglas P. Kiel, Kun Zhu, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Abadi K. Gebre, Robin M. Daly, Richard L. Prince, Joshua R. Lewis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

We have previously shown that abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a marker of advanced atherosclerotic disease, is weakly associated with reduced hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD). To better understand the vascular–bone health relationship, we explored this association with other key determinants of whole-bone strength and fracture risk at peripheral skeletal sites. This study examined associations of AAC with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)-assessed total, cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone structure and strength of the radius and tibia among 648 community-dwelling older women (mean ± SD age 79.7 ± 2.5 years). We assessed associations between cross-sectional (2003) and longitudinal …

Comparing Biomechanical Time Series Data Across Countermovement Shrug Loads, David Meechan, Stuart A. Mcerlain-Naylor, John J. Mcmahon, Timothy J. Suchomel, Paul Comfort

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The effect of load on time-series data has yet to be investigated during weightlifting derivatives. This study compared the effect of load on the force–time and velocity–time curves during the countermovement shrug (CMS). Twenty-nine males performed the CMS at relative loads of 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, 100 %, 120 %, and 140 % one repetition maximum (1RM) power clean (PC). A force plate measured the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), which was used to calculate the barbell-lifter system velocity. Time-series data were normalized to 100 % of the movement duration and assessed via statistical parametric mapping (SPM). SPM …

A Novel Prognostic 7-Methylguanosine Signature Reflects Immune Microenvironment And Alternative Splicing In Glioma Based On Multi-Omics Analysis, Zihan Wang, Zhiwei Zhong, Zehua Jiang, Zepeng Chen, Yuequn Chen, Yimin Xu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Glioma is the most common type of central nervous system tumor with increasing incidence. 7-methylguanosine (m7G) is one of the diverse RNA modifications that is known to regulate RNA metabolism and its dysregulation was associated with various cancers. However, the expression pattern of m7G regulators and their roles in regulating tumor immune microenvironments (TIMEs) as well as alternative splicing events (ASEs) in glioma has not been reported. In this study, we showed that m7G regulators displayed a close correlation with each other and most of them were differentially expressed between normal and glioma tissues. Two m7G signatures were then constructed …

Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interferon Response Networks At Birth Are Predictive Of Severe Viral Lower Respiratory Infections In The First Year Of Life, James F. Read, Michael Serralha, Danny Mok, Barbara J. Holt, Mark Cruickshank, Yuliya V. Karpievitch, David I. Broadhurst, Peter D. Sly, Deborah H. Strickland, Stacey N. Reinke, Patrick G. Holt, Anthony Bosco

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Appropriate innate immune function is essential to limit pathogenesis and severity of severe lower respiratory infections (sLRI) during infancy, a leading cause of hospitalization and risk factor for subsequent asthma in this age group. Employing a systems biology approach to analysis of multi-omic profiles generated from a high-risk cohort (n = 50), we found that the intensity of activation of an LPS-induced interferon gene network at birth was predictive of sLRI risk in infancy (AUC = 0.724). Connectivity patterns within this network were stronger among susceptible individuals, and a systems biology approach identified IRF1 as a putative master regulator of …

Consensus Head Acceleration Measurement Practices (Champ): Origins, Methods, Transparency And Disclosure, Kristy B. Arbogast, Jaclyn B. Caccese, Thomas A. Buckley, Andrew S. Mcintosh, Kyvory Henderson, Brian D. Stemper, Gary Solomon, Steven P. Broglio, James R. Funk, Jeff R. Crandall

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The use of head kinematic measurement devices has recently proliferated owing to technology advances that make such measurement more feasible. In parallel, demand to understand the biomechanics of head impacts and injury in sports and the military has increased as the burden of such loading on the brain has received focused attention. As a result, the field has matured to the point of needing methodological guidelines to improve the rigor and consistency of research and reduce the risk of scientific bias. To this end, a diverse group of scientists undertook a comprehensive effort to define current best practices in head …

Saliva Cortisol Diurnal Variation And Stress Responses In Term And Preterm Infants, David Q. Stoye, James P. Boardman, Clive Osmond, Gemma Sullivan, Gillian Lamb, Gill S. Black, Natalie Z. M. Homer, Nina Nelson, Elvar Theodorsson, Evalotte Mörelius, Rebecca M. Reynolds

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective:

To determine if preterm birth is associated with adaptation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and whether HPA axis programming relates to the degree of prematurity (defined as extremely preterm birth at < 28 weeks or very preterm birth at 28–32 weeks gestation).

Design:

This study reports findings from a prospective birth cohort. Saliva cortisol concentrations were measured prevaccination and postvaccination, and in the morning and evening, at 4 months chronological age.

Setting:

Infants born at a single Scottish hospital.

Participants:

45 term-born, 42 very preterm and 16 extremely preterm infants.

Outcomes:

Cortisol stress response to vaccination (postvaccination minus prevaccination cortisol concentrations), diurnal slope (log-transformed morning minus log-transformed evening cortisol values) …

A Retrospective Study For Prognostic Significance Of Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus And Hemoglobin A1c Levels In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Pembrolizumab, Yinchen Shen, Jiaqi Li, Huiping Qiang, Yuqiong Lei, Qing Chang, Runbo Zhong, Giulia Maria Stella, Francesco Gelsomino, Yeon Wook Kim, Afaf Abed, Jialin Qian, Tianqing Chu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common and recognized as a risk factor for developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) while the prognostic evaluation is still controversial. As immunotherapy is widely used in clinical practice, its efficacy and survival should be investigated in patients with DM.

Methods:

We retrospectively recruited 266 locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC patients who received pembrolizumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Patients' clinicopathological data, including age, history of DM, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), genetic tumor profiling, and survival data were collected. Associations between clinical characteristics and survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

In this …

Determinants Of Blood Acylcarnitine Concentrations In Healthy Individuals Of The European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer And Nutrition, Roland Wedekind, Joseph A. Rothwell, Vivian Viallon, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Julie A. Schmidt, Veronique Chajes, Vna Katzke, Theron Johnson, Maria Santucci De Magistris, Vittorio Krogh, Pilar Amiano, Carlotta Sacerdote, Daniel Redondo-Sánchez, José María Huerta, Anne Tjønneland, Pratik Pokharel, Paula Jakszyn, Rosario Tumino, Eva Ardanaz, Torkjel M. Sandanger, Anna Winkvist, Johan Hultdin, Matthias B. Schulze, Elisabete Weiderpass, Marc J. Gunter, Inge Huybrechts

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background & aims: Circulating levels of acylcarnitines (ACs) have been associated with the risk of various diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Diet and lifestyle factors have been shown to influence AC concentrations but a better understanding of their biological, lifestyle and metabolic determinants is needed. Methods: Circulating ACs were measured in blood by targeted (15 ACs) and untargeted metabolomics (50 ACs) in 7770 and 395 healthy participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), respectively. Associations with biological and lifestyle characteristics, dietary patterns, self-reported intake of individual foods, estimated intake of carnitine and fatty …

Progressive Resistance Training For Concomitant Increases In Muscle Strength And Bone Mineral Density In Older Adults: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Steven J. O’Bryan, Catherine Giuliano, Mary N. Woessner, Sara Vogrin, Cassandra Smith, Gustavo Duque, Itamar Levinger

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Older adults experience considerable muscle and bone loss that are closely interconnected. The efficacy of progressive resistance training programs to concurrently reverse/slow the age-related decline in muscle strength and bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults remains unclear.

Objectives:

We aimed to quantify concomitant changes in lower-body muscle strength and BMD in older adults following a progressive resistance training program and to determine how these changes are influenced by mode (resistance only vs. combined resistance and weight-bearing exercises), frequency, volume, load, and program length.

Methods:

MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published in English before 1 June, …

Hla Pharmacogenetic Markers Of Drug Hypersensitivity From The Perspective Of The Populations Of The Greater Middle East, Hend Chaker Masmoudi, Nariman Afify, Halima Alnaqbi, Zainab Alhalwachi, Guan Kwang Tay, Habiba Alsafar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Specific HLA associations with drug hypersensitivity may vary between geographic regions and ethnic groups. There are little to no data related to HLA-drug hypersensitivity on populations who reside in the Greater Middle East (GME), a vast region spanning from Morocco in the west to Pakistan in the east. In this review, the authors intended to summarize the significant HLA alleles associated with hypersensitive drug reactions induced by different drugs, as have been found in different populations, and to summarize the prevalence of these alleles in the specific and diverse populations of the GME. For example, HLA-B * 57:01 allele prevalence, …

Prevalence Of Suspected Poor Bone Health In People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study, Erin Cecins, Vinicius Cavalheri, Dennis R. Taaffe, Anne Marie Hill, Sarah Hug, Kylie Hill

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Compared to the general population, adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased prevalence of osteoporosis. Despite the known risk factors and potential complications of compromised bone health in COPD, little is known about whether poor bone health is routinely suspected. We measured, in people with COPD, the prevalence of those who had one or more indicators suggestive of suspected poor bone health, and compared the characteristics of those with versus without these indicators. Methods: Data were collected from adults with COPD presenting to three tertiary hospitals. Indicators of suspected poor bone health were defined as any …

Care Ethics Framework For Midwifery Practice: A Scoping Review, Kate Buchanan, Elizabeth Newnham, Deborah Ireson, Clare Davison, Sadie Geraghty

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

As a normative theory, care ethics has become widely theorized and accepted. However, there remains a lack of clarity in relation to its use in practice, and a care ethics framework for practice. Maternity care is fraught with ethical issues and care ethics may provide an avenue to enhance ethical sensitivity.

Aim:

The purpose of this scoping review is to determine how care ethics is used amongst health professions, and to collate the information in data charts to create a care ethics framework and definition for midwifery practice.

Method:

The scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting …

Evaluation Of An Australian Neurological Nurse-Led Model Of Postdischarge Care, Judith Dianne Pugh, Kathleen Mccoy, Merrilee Needham, Leanne Jiang, Margaret Giles, Elizabeth Mckinnon, Kym Heine

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Neurological disorders are a leading cause of disease burden worldwide, placing a heavy demand on health systems. This study evaluated the impacts and cost savings of a community-based nursing service providing supported discharge for neurological patients deemed high-risk for unplanned emergency department presentations and/or hospital readmissions. It focused on adult patients with stroke, epilepsy, migraine/headache or functional neurological disorders discharged from a Western Australian tertiary hospital. An observational design was used comprising prospective enrolment of patients receiving nurse-led supported discharge and follow-up (Neurocare), 21 August 2018 to 6 December 2019 (N = 81), and hospital administrative data, 1 February …

Assessment Of A Size-Based Method For Enriching Circulating Tumour Cells In Colorectal Cancer, Sai Shyam Vasantharajan, Edward Barnett, Elin S. Gray, John L. Mccall, Euan J. Rodger, Michael R. Eccles, Fran Munro, Sharon Pattison, Aniruddha Chatterjee

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Circulating tumour cells (CTC) from solid tumours are a prerequisite for metastasis. Isolating CTCs and understanding their biology is essential for developing new clinical tests and precision oncology. Currently, CellSearch is the only FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration)-approved method for CTC enrichment but possesses several drawbacks owing to a reliance on the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and a resource-intensive nature. Addressing these shortcomings, we optimised an existing size-based method, MetaCell, to enrich CTCs from blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We evaluated the ability of MetaCell to enrich CTCs by spiking blood with CRC cell lines and assessing …

Bap1 Loss By Immunohistochemistry Predicts Improved Survival To First-Line Platinum And Pemetrexed Chemotherapy For Patients With Pleural Mesothelioma: A Validation Study, Amber Louw, Vasiliki Panou, Weronika Maria Szejniuk, Christos Meristoudis, Siaw Ming Chai, Chris Van Vliet, Y. C.Gary Lee, Ian M. Dick, Tina Firth, Louise Andersen Lynggaard, Azadeh Birbaneh Asghari, Mogens Vyberg, Johnni Hansen, Jenette Creaney, Oluf Dimitri Røe

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is an aggressive malignancy with no identified predictive biomarkers. We assessed whether tumor BAP1 status is a predictive biomarker for survival in patients receiving first-line combination platinum and pemetrexed therapy. Methods: PM cases (n = 114) from Aalborg, Denmark, were stained for BAP1 on tissue microarrays. Demographic, clinical, and survival data were extracted from registries and medical records. Surgical cases were excluded. BAP1 status was associated with overall survival (OS) by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods. Results were validated in an independent cohort from Perth, Australia (n = 234). Results: BAP1 loss was found in 62% …

Using Noise For The Better: The Effects Of Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation On The Brain And Behavior, Onno Van Der Groen, Weronika Potok, Nicole Wenderoth, Grace Edwards, Jason B. Mattingley, Dylan Edwards

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV X (X) XXX-XXX 2021.- Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a non-invasive electrical brain stimulation method that is increasingly employed in studies of human brain function and behavior, in health and disease. tRNS is effective in modulating perception acutely and can improve learning. By contrast, its effectiveness for modulating higher cognitive processes is variable. Prolonged stimulation with tRNS, either as one longer application, or multiple shorter applications, may engage plasticity mechanisms that can result in long-term benefits. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of the effects of tRNS on the brain and behavior and …

Concurrent Exposure To (Acute Intermittent) Hypoxia And Hypercapnia: A Promising Therapeutic Cocktail For Neuroplasticity?, Ricardo N. O. Mesquita

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Pioneering experiments revealed that intermittent stimulation of afferent neurons from the carotid bodies elicits long-lasting increased activity of respiratory nerves, a phenomenon known as respiratory long-term facilitation (LTF). Initially observed with episodic electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve, this phenomenon was then extensively demonstrated in rodent experiments via protocols of brief, episodic exposures to periods of hypoxia (i.e. acute intermittent hypoxia; AIH). Then, the realization that AIH could be used as a therapeutic modality to induce neuroplasticity and restore both respiratory and non-respiratory motor function in rats with spinal cord injuries (SCI) motivated translation to human studies. AIH has …

Association Between Ambient Air Pollution And Hospital Admissions, Length Of Hospital Stay And Hospital Cost For Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases And Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus: Base On 1,969,755 Cases In Beijing, China, 2014–2019, Zhiwei Li, Mengyang Liu, Zhiyuan Wu, Yue Liu, Weiming Li, Mengmeng Liu, Shiyun Lv, Siqi Yu, Yanshuang Jiang, Bo Gao, Xiaonan Wang, Xia Li, Wei Wang, Hualiang Lin, Xiuhua Guo, Xiangtong Liu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Evidence on the effects of the air pollutants on the hospital admissions, hospital cost and length of stay (LOS) among patients with comorbidities remains limited in China, particularly for patients with cardiovascular diseases and comorbid diabetes mellitus (CVD-DM). Methods: We collected daily data on CVD-DM patients from 242 hospitals in Beijing between 2014 and 2019. Generalized additive model was employed to quantify the associations between admissions, LOS, and hospital cost for CVD-DM patients and air pollutants. We further evaluated the attributable risk posed by air pollutants to CVD-DM patients, using both Chinese and WHO air quality guidelines as reference. …

Dietary Supplements In People With Metastatic Cancer Who Are Experiencing Malnutrition, Cachexia, Sarcopenia, And Frailty: A Scoping Review, Jolyn Johal, Chad Yixian Han, Ria Joseph, Zachary Munn, Oluwaseyifunmi Andi Agbejule, Fiona Crawford‐Williams, Matthew P. Wallen, Raymond J. Chan, Nicolas H. Hart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Cancer‐associated malnutrition, or cachexia, stemming from cancer or its treatments, is particularly prevalent in metastatic cancers, and is often interrelated with sarcopenia and frailty. Evidence suggests that dietary supplements play a role in managing these conditions. As metastatic cancer cells are associated with notable genomic and phenotypic alterations, response to dietary supplements may differ between metastatic and non‐metastatic cancers. However, research in this area is lacking. This scoping review aims to identify the dietary supplements that have been studied in patients with metastatic cancers and malnutrition‐related conditions, along with their proposed effects, mechanisms, outcome measures, and tools used. A systematic …

Genomic Epidemiology Of Salmonella Typhi In Central Division, Fiji, 2012 To 2016, Mark R. Davies, Sebastian Duchene, Mary Valcanis, Aaron P. Jenkins, Adam Jenney, Varanisese Rosa, Andrew J. Hayes, Aneley Getahun Strobel, Liam Mcintyre, Jake A. Lacey, Elizabeth J. Klemm, Vanessa K. Wong, Aalisha Sahukhan, Helen Thomson, Andrew Page, Dianna Hocking, Nancy Wang, Litia Tudravu, Eric Rafai, Gordon Dougan, Benjamin P. Howden, John A. Crump, Kim Mulholland, Richard A. Strugnell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in some Pacific Island Countries including Fiji and Samoa yet genomic surveillance is not routine in such settings. Previous studies suggested imports of the global H58 clade of Salmonella enterica var Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) contribute to disease in these countries which, given the MDR potential of H58, does not auger well for treatment. The objective of the study was to define the genomic epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi in Fiji. Methods: Genomic sequencing approaches were implemented to study the distribution of 255 Salmonella Typhi isolates from the Central Division of Fiji. We augmented epidemiological surveillance and …

Location-Specific Cutaneous Electrical Stimulation Of The Footsole Modulates Corticospinal Excitability To The Plantarflexors And Dorsiflexors During Standing, Gagan Gill, Davis A. Forman, Joanna E. Reeves, Janet L. Taylor, Leah R. Bent

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Non-noxious electrical stimulation to distinct locations of the foot sole evokes location-specific cutaneous reflex responses in lower limb muscles. These reflexes occur at latencies that may enable them to be mediated via a transcortical pathway. Corticospinal excitability to the plantarflexors and dorsiflexors was measured in 16 participants using motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Spinal excitability was measured in eight of the original participants using cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs). Measurements were collected with and without preceding cutaneous stimulus to either the heel (HEEL) or metatarsal (MET) locations of the foot sole, and evoked potentials were elicited to coincide with the arrival …

The Nutritional Quality Of Kids’ Menus From Cafés And Restaurants: An Australian Cross‐Sectional Study, Gina S. A. Trapp, Claire E. Pulker, Miriam Hurworth, Kristy K. Law, Sally Brinkman, Christina M. Pollard, Amelia J. Harray, Ros Sambell, Joelie Mandzufas, Stephanie Anzman‐Frasca, Siobhan Hickling

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Australian families increasingly rely on eating foods from outside the home, which in-creases intake of energy‐dense nutrient‐poor foods. ‘Kids’ Menus’ are designed to appeal to families and typically lack healthy options. However, the nutritional quality of Kids’ Menus from cafes and full‐service restaurants (as opposed to fast‐food outlets) has not been investigated in Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of Kids’ Menus in restaurants and cafés in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. All 787 cafes and restaurants located within the East Metropolitan Health Service area were contacted and 33% had a separate Kids’ Menu. The …

The Quality Of Life Of Regional And Remote Cancer Caregivers In Australia, Belinda C. Goodwin, Fiona Crawford-Williams, Michael Ireland, Sonja March, Suzanne K. Chambers, Joanne F. Aitken, Jeff Dunn

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: This study compares the well-being of rural caregivers with that of the general population and explores the potential drivers of poorer outcomes. Method: Patient–caregiver dyads (n = 241) residing in regional or remote Queensland, Australia, reported on QoL, chronic illness, caregiver burden, depression, anxiety and stress. Caregiver outcomes were compared with population norms and patient outcomes. Multiple regressions were conducted to identify factors associated with poorer caregiver outcomes. Results: Caregivers reported lower mental health-related QoL (M = 0.436, 95% CI = 0.410–0.462) in comparison with age-matched population norms (M = 0.556, 95% CI = 0.532–0.580). No differences existed between …

Appropriateness Of Indirect Markers Of Muscle Damage Following Lower Limbs Eccentric-Biased Exercises: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, Emeric Chalchat, Anne Fleur Gaston, Keyne Charlot, Luis Peñailillo, Omar Valdés, Pierre Emmanuel Tardo-Dino, Kazunori Nosaka, Vincent Martin, Sebastian Garcia-Vicencio, Julien Siracusa

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose The aim of this review was to (1) characterize the time-course of markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) based on the level of maximal voluntary contraction torque loss at 24-48h post-exercise (MVCloss24-48h), (2) identify factors (e.g., exercise and population characteristics) affecting the level of MVCloss24-48h, and (3) evaluate the appropriateness of EIMD markers as indicators of MVCloss24-48h. Methods Magnitude of change of each EIMD markers was normalized using the standardized mean differences method to compare the results from different studies. Time-course of EIMD markers were characterized according to three levels of MVCloss24-48h based on a clustering analysis of the …