Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise And Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp On Osteoglycin Levels In Young And Middle-Aged Men, Carlie Bauer, Alexander Tacey, Andrew Garnham, Cassandra Smith, Mary N. Woessner, Xuzhu Lin, Navabeh Zarekookandeh, David L. Hare, Joshua R. Lewis, Lewan Parker, Itamar Levinger

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Osteoglycin (OGN) is a leucine-rich proteoglycan that has been implicated in the regulation of glucose in animal models. However, its relationship with glucose control in humans is unclear. We examined the effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp on circulating levels of OGN as well as whether circulating OGN levels are associated with markers of glycemic control and cardio-metabolic health. Serum was analyzed for OGN (ELISA) levels from 9 middle-aged obese men (58.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass index [BMI] = 33.1 ± 1.4 kg∙m ^{− 2}, mean ± SEM) and 9 young men (27.8 ± 1.6 …

Increased Nitrate Intake From Beetroot Juice Does Not Alter Soluble Cellular Adhesion Molecules And Circulating Inflammatory Cytokines In Individuals With Treated Hypertension: A Randomised, Controlled Trial, Kyle Raubenheimer, Alex H. Liu, Henrietta Koch, Erika Bosio, Nicola P. Bondonno, Vance Matthews, Marc Sim, Lauren Blekkenhorst, Richard J. Woodman, Kevin Murray, Kevin Croft, Oliver Neubauer, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Catherine P. Bondonno

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Dietary nitrate, found predominantly in green leafy vegetables and other vegetables such as radish, celery, and beetroot, has been shown to beneficially modulate inflammatory processes and immune cell function in animals and healthy individuals. The impact of increased nitrate intake on soluble inflammatory mediators in individuals with hypertension is unclear. We assessed whether the daily consumption of dietary nitrate via beetroot juice for 1-week lowered levels of circulating inflammatory markers in men and women with treated hypertension. Twenty-seven male and female participants were recruited to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial. The effects of 1-week intake of nitrate-rich beetroot juice …

Genetic Correlation And Causality Assessment Between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Coronary Artery Disease-Related Traits, Wole Akosile, Emmanuel Adewuyi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Consistent evidence from observational studies supports a risk-increasing association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and coronary artery disease (CAD); however, the mechanisms underlying their relationship remain poorly understood. This study assesses the genetic correlation and potential causal relationship between PTSD and CAD-related traits. We analysed genome-wide associated study summary data of PTSD (cases = 23,212, controls = 151,447) with CAD-related traits (sample size up to 408,458 individuals) to achieve our study objectives. Findings revealed a significant and positive genetic correlation between PTSD and CAD (rG = 0.19, p = 3.47 × 10 – 2), and between PTSD and CAD traits …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is A Risk Factor For Lower-Limb And Back Injury In Law Enforcement Officers Commencing Their Basic Training: A Prospective Cohort Study, Myles C. Murphy, Nicole Merrick, Andrea B. Mosler, Garth Allen, Paola Chivers, Nicolas H. Hart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

We aimed to report the epidemiology of lower-limb and lumbosacral injuries in Police Force recruits. We performed a cohort study of Police Force recruits undergoing a six-month training program with prospective injury data collected between 2018 and 2021. Cardiorespiratory fitness was quantified by the beep-test and police-specific-functional-capacity was quantified using a specifically designed physical performance evaluation (PPE) tool. Injury frequency and prevalence were reported. Fifteen percent (n = 180) of study Police Force recruits (n = 1,181) sustained a lower-limb or lumbosacral injury. The six-month training program significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001) and functional capacity (p < 0.001). Increased cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline decreased injury risk (OR = 0.8, 95%CI: 0.66–0.97, p = 0.019). Injury rates decreased over time and females were injured significantly earlier than males (HR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.52 to 0.95, p = 0.021). Interventions that can pre-condition Police Force recruits prior to the commencement of their basic physical training may reduce the number of lower-limb and lumbosacral injuries.

Epidemiological Patterns Of Cannabis- And Substance- Related Congenital Uronephrological Anomalies In Europe: Geospatiotemporal And Causal Inferential Study, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction:

Recent reports linking prenatal and community cannabis exposure to elevated uronephrological congenital anomaly (UCA) rates (UCAR’s) raise the question of its European epidemiology given recent increases in community cannabinoid penetration there.

Methods:

UCAR data from Eurocat. Drug use data from European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Income from World bank.

Results:

UCAR increased across Spain, Netherlands, Poland and France. UCAR’s and cannabis resin THC increased simultaneously in France, Spain, Netherlands and Bulgaria. At bivariate analysis all UCA’s were related to cannabis herb and resin THC concentrations. All UCAR’s were bivariately related to cannabis metrics ordered by median …

The Effects Of A Unilateral Strength And Power Training Intervention On Inter-Limb Asymmetry And Physical Performance In Male Amateur Soccer Players, Francesco Bettariga, Luca Maestroni, Luca Martorelli, Paul Jarvis, Anthony Turner, Chris Bishop

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the effects of a unilateral training program in reducing inter-limb asymmetry in male soccer players; (b) to explore such effects on measures of physical performance and unilateral inter-limb asymmetry. Twenty-four soccer players, randomly assigned to a 6-week unilateral strength and power training (UNI) (n = 12) or a control group (CON) (n = 12), performed single countermovement jump (SLCMJ), single leg broad jump (SLBJ), single leg drop jump (SLDJ), 10-m sprint, and 505 change of direction (COD) speed test. Raw jump scores revealed small to large improvements in SLCMJ, SLBJ, and …

Dysnatremia Is Associated With Increased Risk Of All-Cause Mortality Within 365 Days Post-Discharge In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Without Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study, Yan Zhou, Dong Lin, Shiwan Wu, Jiaxin Xiao, Min Yu, Zhongbo Xiao, Muli Wu, Zhisheng Chen, Cuihong Tian, Rongbing Chen, Yequn Chen, Xuerui Tan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between serum sodium concentrations at hospital admission and all-cause mortality within 365 days post-discharge in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) without heart failure (HF). Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 1,446 patients with AF without HF between November 2018 and October 2020. A follow-up was performed 30, 90, 180, and 365 days after enrollment through outpatient visits or telephone interviews. All-cause mortality was estimated in three groups according to serum sodium concentrations: hyponatremia ( < 135 mmol/L), normonatremia (135 – 145 mmol/L), and hypernatremia ( > 145 mmol/L). We estimated the risk of all-cause mortalities using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional …

Nursing In A Different World: Remote Area Nursing As A Specialist–Generalist Practice Area, Kylie Mccullough, Sara Bayes, Lisa Whitehead, Anne Williams, Vicki Cope

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective

Remote area nurses provide primary health care services to isolated communities across Australia. They manage acute health issues, chronic illness, health promotion and emergency responses. This article discusses why their generalist scope of practice should be formally recognised as a specialist nursing practice area.

Design

Constructivist grounded theory, using telephone interviews (n = 24) with registered nurses and nurse practitioners.

Setting

Primary health care clinics, in communities of 150–1500 residents across Australia.

Participants

A total of 24 nurses participated in this study.

Results

Nurses' perceived their clinical knowledge and skill as insufficient for the advanced, generalist, scope of …

Occupational Therapists And Physiotherapists Weighing Up The Dignity Of Risk For People Living With A Brain Injury: Grounded Theory, Mandy Stanley, Gisela Van Kessel, Carolyn M. Murray, Deborah Forsythe, Shylie Mackintosh

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose:

Following a brain injury survivors may have physical, or cognitive changes or behaviours which bring safety risks into play when engaging in activities. Therapists experience tensions in enabling the dignity of participation in the context of managing risk.

Materials and methods:

Ten occupational therapists and seven physiotherapists participated in a grounded theory study utilising semi-structured in-depth interviews to explore the tensions between dignity and management of safety risks. Data were analysed using constant comparative method and a process of moving from open coding to categories to theory development.

Results:

The process of weighing up was central to the therapists’ …

Developing An Alcohol And Other Drug Serious Game For Adolescents: Considerations For Improving Student Engagement, Joanna Nicholas, Brennen Mills, Sara Hansen, Stephen J. Bright, Heather Boyd, Luke Brook, Jess Watson, Luke Hopper

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: To explore perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) education and digital game design preferences among Australian adolescents with the goal of identifying key factors to promote engagement in an AOD serious game for Australian secondary school students. Methods: Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with 36 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants described heightened engagement with AOD education that incorporated relatable and relevant real-life stories and interactive discussions. They also expressed a desire for learning to focus on practical strategies to reduce AOD harm and overcome social pressure to …

Characterization And Determinant Factors Of Critical Illness And In-Hospital Mortality Of Covid-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Of 1,792 Patients In Kenya, Isinta M. Elijah, Endawoke Amsalu, Xuening Jian, Mingyang Cao, Eric K. Mibei, Danvas O. Kerosi, Francis G. Mwatsahu, Wei Wang, Faith Onyangore, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Limited data is available on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), critical illness rate, and in-hospital mortality in the African setting. This study investigates determinants of critical illness and in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients in Kenya. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Kenya. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were employed to determine predictor factors for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality, respectively. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier model was used to compare the survival times using log-rank tests. As a result, 346 (19.3 %) COVID-19 patients were admitted to ICU, and …

Adherence To Screening And Management Guidelines Of Maternal Group B Streptococcus Colonization In Pregnancy, Sabine Pangerl, Deborah Sundin, Sadie Geraghty

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aims: To investigate Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization in pregnancy; adherence to antenatal GBS screening and adherence to the intrapartum antibiotics protocol within two models of care (midwifery and non-midwifery led). Design: This retrospective quantitative study has employed a descriptive design using administrative health data. Methods: Data from five maternity hospitals in metropolitan and regional Western Australia that included 22,417 pregnant women who gave birth between 2015 and 2019 were examined, applying descriptive statistics using secondary data analysis. Results: The study revealed an overall GBS colonization rate of 21.7% with similar rates in the different cohorts. A lower adherence to …

Countermovement Jump And Squat Jump Force-Time Curve Analysis In Control And Fatigue Conditions, Steven Hughes, John Warmenhoven, G. Gregory Haff, Dale W. Chapman, Sophia Nimphius

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study aimed to reanalyze previously published discrete force data from countermovement jumps (CMJs) and squat jumps (SJs) using statistical parametric mapping (SPM), a statistical method that enables analysis of data in its native, complete state. Statistical parametric mapping analysis of 1-dimensional (1D) force-time curves was compared with previous zero-dimensional (0D) analysis of peak force to assess sensitivity of 1D analysis. Thirty-two subjects completed CMJs and SJs at baseline, 15 minutes, 1, 24, and 48 hours following fatigue and control conditions in a pseudo random cross-over design. Absolute (CMJ_ABS/SJ_ABS) and time-normalized (CMJ_NORM/SJ_NORM) …

The Reported External Traumas Among People With Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcers And Their Outcomes: A Systematic Review Of Case Reports, Ma'en Zaid Abu-Qamar, Vivien Kemp, Lisa Whitehead

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The objective of this systematic review was to collate evidence published in case reports on the reported origins of external traumas that contribute to the development of diabetic foot ulcers and their outcomes. The review also aimed to suggest reporting criteria for external traumas contributing to the development of diabetic foot ulcers. The search strategy led to the identification of 1224 articles across six electronic databases. Additional articles were also sourced from other electronic platforms (Google scholar) and the reference lists of the included case reports. Ninety-four articles met the inclusion criteria and were published between 1989 and 2020. The …

Application Of A Sustainability Framework To Enhance Australian Food Literacy Programs In Remote Western Australian Communities, Leisha M. Aberle, Julia R. Platts, Marie A. Kioutis, Louise M. Haustead, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Issue addressed: Food literacy programs aim to build individuals’ knowledge, skills and self-efficacy to adopt healthy food choices conducive to reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as obesity. Foodbank WA’s (FBWA) Healthy Food for All ® nutrition programs have supported the improvement of food literacy knowledge and skills among vulnerable people living in the Pilbara. Methods: A Sustainability Framework containing ten sustainability factors was overlaid with social ecological model (SEM) levels of influence to form a matrix. The use of this matrix facilitated sustainability strategy appraisal within three food literacy programs delivered in remote WA. Results: Programs included multiple …

Development Of Thai Sensory Patterns Assessment Tool For Children Aged 3–12 Years: Caregiver-Version, Revadee Sutthachai, Anuchart Kaunnil, Supaluck Phadsri, Ilada Pomngen, Mandy Stanley, Tiam Srikhamjak

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Most existing tools for measuring sensory patterns of children have been developed in Western countries. These tools are complex and may not be culturally appropriate for other contexts that require specific knowledge in the clinical perspective. The aim of this study was to develop a simplified tool called the Thai Sensory Patterns Assessment (TSPA) tool for children. It is designed for children ages 3–12 years old to be completed by their caregiver. The process of creating the tool consisted of drafting a questionnaire and interpreting the result. Partial psychometrics were completed during item development, content validity of items was assessed …

Developing Culturally Appropriate Food Literacy Resources For Aboriginal Children With Foodbank Wa’S Superhero Foods®, Jennifer Tartaglia, Roslyn Giglia, Jill Darby

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Issue addressed

In Australia, food sovereignty of traditional landowners has been marginalised by the globalisation of food systems and resulted in limited opportunities for children to experience familiar bush tucker foods as healthy choices, particularly in a school environment. Superhero Foods^® themed teaching resources focus on the development of nutrition education materials that included traditional Aboriginal foods together with contemporary foods readily available in regional/remote communities.

Methods

Consultation with an Aboriginal expert and Aboriginal artist; local, regional/remote teachers and stakeholders informed the development of tailored resources including food cartoon characters, school lesson plans and a storybook. The latter was …

A Tailored Occupational Therapist-Led Vocational Intervention For People With Stroke: Protocol For A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, Sophie O'Keefe, Kathryn Radford, Amanda Farrin, Jodi Oakman, Serena Alves-Stein, Geoffrey Cloud, Jacinta Douglas, Mandy Stanley, Natasha A. Lannin

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Resuming work after stroke is a common goal of working-age adults, yet there are few vocational rehabilitation programs designed to address the unique challenges faced following stroke. The Work intervention was developed to address these gaps. Objective: This paper presents a protocol that outlines the steps that will be undertaken to pilot both the intervention and trial processes for the Work trial. Methods: The Work trial is a 2-arm, prospective, randomized, blinded-assessor study with intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 54 adults of working age who have experienced a stroke <4 months prior will be randomized 1:1 to either (1) an experimental group who will receive a 12-week early vocational intervention (Work intervention) plus usual clinical rehabilitation or (2) a control group who will receive only their usual clinical rehabilitation. Results: Outcomes include study and intervention feasibility and intervention benefit. In addition to evaluating the feasibility of delivering vocational intervention early after stroke, benefit will be assessed by measuring rates of vocational participation and quality-of-life improvements at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Process evaluation using data collected during the study, as well as postintervention individual interviews with participants and surveys with trial therapists, will complement quantitative data. Conclusions: The results of the trial will provide details on the feasibility of delivering the Work intervention embedded within the clinical rehabilitation context and inform future trial processes. Pilot data will enable a future definitive trial to determine the clinical effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation when delivered in the early subacute phase of stroke recovery.

Likeability And Perceived Effectiveness Of Messages Designed To Encourage Physical Activity Participation Among Older Adults, Michelle I. Jongenelis, Ben Jackson, Robert U. Newton, Simone Pettigrew

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Issue addressed: Older adults are significantly less likely than their younger counterparts to engage in physical activity. Comprehensive policies to support healthy ageing thus need to include components encouraging greater participation in physical activity in later life. This study tested potential messages for use in health communication campaigns aimed at increasing physical activity among older adults. Methods: Twelve written messages designed to encourage older adults to increase their levels of physical activity were rated by Australians aged 60-92 years (n = 369; 54 % female) on the variables of likeability and perceived effectiveness. Results: Ratings for all the tested messages …

Socioeconomic, Ethnocultural, Substance- And Cannabinoid-Related Epidemiology Of Down Syndrome Usa 1986–2016: Combined Geotemporospatial And Causal Inference Investigation, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the commonest of the congenital genetic defects whose incidence has been rising in recent years for unknown reasons. This study aims to assess the impact of substance and cannabinoid use on the DS Rate (DSR) and assess their possible causal involvement. Methods: An observational population-based epidemiological study 1986–2016 was performed utilizing geotemporospatial and causal inferential analysis. Participants included all patients diagnosed with DS and reported to state based registries with data obtained from National Birth Defects Prevention Network of Centers for Disease Control. Drug exposure data was from the National Survey of Drug Use and …

Suicide Exposure Experience Screener For Use In Therapeutic Settings: A Validation Report, Myfanwy Maple, Julie Cerel, Rebecca Sanford, Fiona Shand, Philip J. Batterham, Navjot Bhullar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: A brief screener assessing experience of exposure to suicide for use in therapeutic settings is warranted. To examine the concurrent validity of such a screening tool, labeled as the Suicide Exposure Experience Screener (SEES), the associations of the two SEES items: (i) reported closeness with the person who died by suicide and (ii) perceived impact of suicide death with psychological distress are presented. Methods: Five separate datasets comprising surveys from Australia, Canada, and the United States (Ncombined = 7782) were used to provide evidence of concurrent validity of closeness and impact of suicide exposure. Results: Overall, closeness and impact …

Keynote - D36: Personalized Immunotherapy With A Neoepitope Vaccine, Evx-01 And Pembrolizumab In Advanced Melanoma, Georgina V. Long, Pier Francesco Ferrucci, Adnan Khattak, Tarek M. Meniawy, Patrick Alexander Ott, Michael Chisamore, Thomas Trolle, Agon Hyseni, Erik Heegaard

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Despite improvements made with checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy, a need for new approaches to improve outcomes for patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma remains. EVX-01, a personalized neoepitope vaccine, combined with pembrolizumab treatment, holds the potential to fulfill this need. Here we present the rationale and novel design behind the KEYNOTE - D36 trial: an open label, single arm, phase II trial aiming to establish the clinical proof of concept and evaluate the safety of EVX-01 in combination with pembrolizumab in CPI naive patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. The primary objective is to evaluate if EVX-01 improves best overall …

Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cargo Is Altered In Alzheimer's Disease And Is Associated With Regional Brain Volume, Steve Pedrini, James D. Doecke, Eugene Hone, Penghao Wang, Rohith Thota, Ashley I. Bush, Christopher C. Rowe, Vincent Dore, Victor L. Villemagne, David Ames, Stephanie Rainey-Smith, Giuseppe Verdile, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Manfred R. Raida, Kevin Taddei, Sam Gandy, Colin L. Masters, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Ralph N. Martins, Aibl Research Group

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Cholesterol levels have been repeatedly linked to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), suggesting that high levels could be detrimental, but this effect is likely attributed to Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. On the other hand, High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol levels have been associated with reduced brain amyloidosis and improved cognitive function. However, recent findings have suggested that HDL-functionality, which depends upon the HDL-cargo proteins associated with HDL, rather than HDL levels, appears to be the key factor, suggesting a quality over quantity status. In this report, we have assessed the HDL-cargo (Cholesterol, ApoA-I, ApoA-II, ApoC-I, ApoC-III, ApoD, ApoE, ApoH, ApoJ, CRP, and SAA) …

Self-Reported Throwing Volumes Are Not A Valid Tool For Monitoring Throwing Loads In Elite Australian Cricket Players: An Observational Cohort Study, Zachariah G. Hoyne, Ashley J. Cripps, Andrea B. Mosler, Christopher Joyce, Paola T. Chivers, Rob Chipchase, Myles C. Murphy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: To determine the concurrent validity of player self-reported and independently observed throwing volume. Examine whether sex, playing position, or time to upload self-reported data post training influences the accuracy of self-reported throwing loads. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Methods: A total of 8 female and 18 male elite cricket players participated in the study. Overarm throws from 12 training sessions during the 2020–21 cricket year were observed. Player self-reported throwing volume data were retrieved post training, with the time difference between session completion and self-reported data upload recorded.

Results: A moderate positive correlation was found between self-reported and observed throwing …

Translation And Cross-Cultural Validation Of A Precision Health Tool, The Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25, In Korean, Zheng Guo, Ruoyu Meng, Yulu Zheng, Xingang Li, Ziqi Zhou, Leilei Yu, Qian Tang, Ying Zhao, Monique Garcia, Yuxiang Yan, Song Manshu, Lois A. Balmer, Jun Wen, Haifeng Hou, Xuerui Tan, Wei Wang, Suboptimal Health Study Consortium (Shsc), Global Health Epidemiology Research Group (Gherg)

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background

Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a reversible stage between health and illness that is characterized by health complaints, low energy, general weakness, and chronic fatigue. The Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25) has been validated in three major populations (African, Asian, and Caucasian) and is internationally recognized as a reliable and robust tool for health estimation in general populations. This study focused on the development of K-SHSQ-25, a Korean version of the SHSQ-25, from its English version.

Methods

The SHSQ-25 was translated from English to Korean according to international guidelines set forth by the World Health Organization (WHO) for health …

Prevalence Of Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis In An Australian Adult Population: A Community-Based Study, Lisia B. Ferreira, João M. Furtado, Jason Charng, Maria Franchina, Janet M. Matthews, Aus A. L. Molan, Michael Hunter, David A. Mackey, Justine R. Smith

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is the most common clinical manifestation of an infection with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Up to 50 % of the human population is estimated to be infected with T. gondii; however, the epidemiology of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis has not been widely reported. We sought to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in Australia using data that were collected as part of the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study. Design: oss-sectional, community-based, prospective cohort study. Participants: 5020 Australian adults (2264 men and 2756 women; age range, 45–69 years, and median age, 58 years). Methods : Retinal color photographs, centered on …

Consecutive Dosing Of Uvb Irradiation Induces Loss Of Abcb5 Expression And Activation Of Emt And Fibrosis Proteins In Limbal Epithelial Cells Similar To Pterygium Epithelium, M. Domdey, M. A. Kluth, C. Maßlo, C. Ganss, Markus H. Frank, N. Y. Frank, M. T. Coroneo, C. Cursiefen, M. Notara

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Pterygium pathogenesis is often attributed to a population of altered limbal stem cells, which initiate corneal invasion and drive the hyperproliferation and fibrosis associated with the disease. These cells are thought to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to contribute to subepithelial stromal fibrosis. In this study, the presence of the novel limbal stem cell marker ABCB5 in clusters of basal epithelial pterygium cells co-expressing with P63α and P40 is reported. ABCB5-positive pterygium cells also express EMT-associated fibrosis markers including vimentin and α-SMA while their β-catenin expression is reduced. By using a novel in vitro model of two-dose UV-induced …

State Trends Of Cannabis Liberalization As A Causal Driver Of Increasing Testicular Cancer Rates Across The Usa, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

The cause of the worldwide doubling-tripling of testicular cancer rates (TCRs) in recent decades is unknown. Previous cohort studies associated cannabis use with TCR including dose–response relationships but the contribution of cannabis to TCRs at the population level is unknown. This relationship was tested by analyzing annual trends across US states and formally assessed causality. Four US datasets were linked at state level: age-adjusted TCRs from Centers for Disease Control Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database; drug use data from annual National Survey of Drug Use and Health including 74.1 % response rate; ethnicity and median household income data …

Thirty-Six Months Recurrence After Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Patients With Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes: A Nested Case-Control Study, Lu Wang, Hongyun Li, Jiheng Hao, Chao Liu, Jiyue Wang, Jingjun Feng, Zheng Guo, Yulu Zheng, Yanbo Zhang, Hongxiang Li, Liyong Zhang, Haifeng Hou

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Stroke patients have to face a high risk of recurrence, especially for those with comorbid T2DM, which usually lead to much more serious neurologic damage and an increased likelihood of death. This study aimed to explore determinants of stroke relapse among patients with comorbid T2DM.

Materials and methods:

We conducted this case-control study nested a prospective cohort of ischemic stroke (IS) with comorbid T2DM. During 36-month follow-up, the second stroke occurred in 84 diabetic IS patients who were allocated into the case group, while 613 patients without recurrence were the controls. We collected the demographic data, behaviors and habits, …

Arthritis Prediction Of Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis In Hfe Hemochromatosis, Lauren Andersson, Lawrie W. Powell, Louise E. Ramm, Grant A. Ramm, John K. Olynyk

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: To evaluate whether arthritis predicts the likelihood of advanced hepatic fibrosis in HFE hemochromatosis.

Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of 112 well-characterized patients with HFE hemochromatosis and liver biopsy–validated fibrosis staging recruited between January 1, 1983, and December 31, 2013. Complete clinical, biochemical, hematologic, and noninvasive serum biochemical indices (aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index [APRI] and fibrosis 4 index [FIB4]) were available. Scheuer fibrosis stages 3 and 4, APRI greater than 0.44, or FIB4 greater than 1.1 were used to define advanced hepatic fibrosis. Comparisons between groups were performed using categorical analysis, unpaired or …