Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Review Of Alcohol And Drug Treatment For Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Marguerite Tracy, Bradley Freeburn, Kylie Lee, Julie Woods, Kate Conigrave

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

This review provides an overview of treatments for problem alcohol and other drug (AOD) use for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It includes information on the available research and discusses core principles for providing treatment. The review outlines how effective mainstream treatment approaches can be adapted to be more suitable for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ways of being or worldview. It also highlights that services, such as those offered by Aboriginal community controlled health organisations are in a unique position to offer culturally secure treatment approaches. The barriers to accessing treatment are discussed as well as recommendations for …

Incidence And Mortality Of Uveal Melanoma In Australia (1982–2014), Aaron B. Beasley, David B. Preen, Samuel Mclenachan, Elin S. Gray, Fred K. Chen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Aims:

We aimed to estimate the incidence and mortality of uveal melanoma (UM) in Australia from 1982 to 2014.

Methods:

Deidentified unit data for all cases of ocular melanoma were extracted from the Australian Cancer Database from 1 January 1982 to 31 December 2014. UM cases were extracted and trends in incidence and disease-specific mortality were calculated. Incidence rates were age-standardised against the 2001 Australian Standard Population. Mortality was assessed using Cox regression.

Results:

From 1982 to 2014, there were 5087 cases of ocular melanoma in Australia, of which 4617 were classified as UM. The average age-standardised incidence rate of …

Prednisolone For Copd Exacerbations: Time For A Rethink, Sanjay Ramakrishnan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Prednisolone given universally for COPD exacerbations causes harm without any benefit. Patients deserve blood eosinophil-guided prednisolone treatment for COPD exacerbations.

Systemic Treatment Of Advanced And Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: The Landscape In Australia, Howard Gurney, Timothy D. Clay, Niara Oliveira, Shirley Wong, Ben Tran, Carole Harris

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The 5-year survival rate of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is estimated to be as low as 5%. Currently, systemic platinum-based chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance therapy is the only first-line treatment for mUC that has an overall survival benefit. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy (usually in combination with gemcitabine) is the preferred treatment but carboplatin is substituted where contraindications to cisplatin exist. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and kinase inhibitors has not yet demonstrated superiority to chemotherapy as first-line therapy and remains investigational in this setting. A recent media release indicates that chemotherapy plus nivolumab gives an OS advantage as first-line …

Patient Navigation Across The Cancer Care Continuum: An Overview Of Systematic Reviews And Emerging Literature, Raymond J. Chan, Vivienne E. Milch, Fiona Crawford-Williams, Oluwaseyifunmi A. Agbejule, Ria Joseph, Jolyn Johal, Narayanee Dick, Matthew P. Wallen, Julie Ratcliffe, Anupriya Agarwal, Larissa Nekhlyudov, Matthew Tieu, Manaf Al-Momani, Scott Turnbull, Rahul Sathiaraj, Dorothy Keefe, Nicolas H. Hart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Patient navigation is a strategy for overcoming barriers to reduce disparities and to improve access and outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review was to identify, critically appraise, synthesize, and present the best available evidence to inform policy and planning regarding patient navigation across the cancer continuum. Systematic reviews examining navigation in cancer care were identified in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Epistemonikos, and Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) databases and in the gray literature from January 1, 2012, to April 19, 2022. Data were screened, …

Creating A Novel Approach To Discourse Treatment Through Coproduction With People With Aphasia And Speech And Language Therapists, M. Cruice, S. Aujla, J. Bannister, N. Botting, M. Boyle, N. Charles, V. Dhaliwal, S. Grobler, Deborah Hersh, J. Marshall, S. Morris, M. Pritchard, L. Scarth, R. Talbot, L. Dipper

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

Although spoken discourse is an outcome prioritised by all stakeholders in aphasia rehabilitation, assessment and treatment of discourse are not routine clinical practice. The small evidence base, varied clinical expertise, multiple barriers in the workplace, and challenges for clients in understanding their altered language abilities all contribute to this situation. These factors need serious consideration when developing a new treatment. Involving intended stakeholders as partners in the development process is recommended. This assists with future implementation by ensuring assessment and treatment are practical, feasible, and acceptable to those who will deliver and undertake it.

Aims:

This paper reports on …

Activity Of Newest Generation Β-Lactam/Β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination Therapies Against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Robbie R. Haines, Papanin Putsathit, Katherine A. Hammer, Anna S. Tai

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa accounts for 35 % of all P. aeruginosa isolated from respiratory samples of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The usefulness of β-lactam antibiotics for treating CF, such as carbapenems and later generation cephalosporins, is limited by the development of antibacterial resistance. A proven treatment approach is the combination of a β-lactam antibiotic with a β-lactamase inhibitor. New β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations are available, but data are lacking regarding the susceptibility of MDR CF-associated P. aeruginosa (CFPA) to these new combination therapies. In this study we determined MIC values for three new combinations; imipenem-relebactam (I-R), ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), …

Airway Morphology And Its Influence On Osa Severity And Surgical Intervention: A Retrospective Study, Fabiana Petrykowski, Raymond Lam, Richard Lewis, Syed Mohammed Shamsul Islam, Mithran Goonewardene

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: The aim was to assess the relationship between airway morphology and surgical intervention in a cohort of patients presenting with increased body mass index (BMI) and a confirmed diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). A secondary aim was to revisit the relationship between morphology and OSA severity. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of pre-operative maxillofacial 3D-CT scans of thirty-two patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OSA who received treatment from an ear nose and throat specialist (ENT). Lateral cephalograms were imported into Quick Ceph Studio (Quick Ceph Systems Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) after which linear and angular …

Exercise Medicine For Cancer Cachexia: Targeted Exercise To Counteract Mechanisms And Treatment Side-Effects, Georgios Mavropalias, Marc Sim, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvao, Nigel Spry, William Kraemer, Keijo Häkkinen, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Cancer-induced muscle wasting (i.e., cancer cachexia, CC) is a common and devastating syndrome that results in the death of more than 1 in 5 patients. Although primarily a result of elevated inflammation, there are multiple mechanisms that complement and amplify one another. Research on the use of exercise to manage CC is still limited, while exercise for CC management has been recently discouraged. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding that exercise is not a single medicine, but mode, type, dosage, and timing (exercise prescription) have distinct health outcomes. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects …

Effects Of Exercise During Radiotherapy On Physical Function And Treatment-Related Side Effects In Men With Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Oliver Schumacher, Hao Luo, Dennis Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvao, Colin Tang, Raphael Chee, Nigel Spry, Robert Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose

Radiation therapy is a commonly used treatment for prostate cancer; however, the side effects may negatively affect quality of life and cause patients to be less physically active. Although exercise has been shown to mitigate radiation therapy–related fatigue in men with prostate cancer during radiation therapy, other adverse effects of treatment such as physical deconditioning, urinary symptoms, or sexual dysfunction have not been systematically reviewed in this patient population. Thus, the purpose of this review was to investigate the effect of exercise on physical function and treatment-related side effects in men with prostate cancer undergoing radiation therapy.

Methods

A …

Circulating Tumor Dna Reflects Uveal Melanoma Responses To Protein Kinase C Inhibition, John J. Park, Russell J. Diefenbach, Natalie Byrne, Georgina V. Long, Richard A. Scolyer, Elin S. Gray, Matteo S. Carlino, Helen Rizos

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The prognosis for patients with UM is poor, and recent clinical trials have failed to prolong overall survival (OS) of these patients. Over 95% of UM harbor activating driver mutations, and this allows for the investigation of ctDNA. In this study, we investigated the value of ctDNA for adaptive clinical trial design in metastatic UM. Longitudinal plasma samples were analyzed for ctDNA in 17 metastatic UM patients treated with PKCi-based therapy in a phase 1 clinical trial setting. Plasma ctDNA was assessed using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) and a custom melanoma gene panel for targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). Baseline …

Factors Affecting Hepatitis C Treatment Intentions Among Aboriginal People In Western Australia: A Mixed-Methods Study, Amineh Rashidi, Peter Higgs, Susan Carruthers

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the hepatitis C treatment intentions of Aboriginal people living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Western Australia. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods design. In the cross-sectional survey, 123 Aboriginal people who inject drugs and self-report as living with hepatitis C completed a purpose-designed questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, 10 participants were interviewed about the factors influencing their future intentions to undertake hepatitis C treatment. Results: Analysis of the survey data revealed significant associations between an intention to undertake hepatitis C treatment and support, community attachment, stable housing and stigma. In …

Summary Of Kidney Health Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

No abstract provided.

The Global, Regional, And National Burden Of Oesophageal Cancer And Its Attributable Risk Factors In 195 Countries And Territories, 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2017, Farin Kamangar, Dariush Nasrollahzadeh, Saeid Safiri, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Christina Fitzmaurice, Kevin S. Ikuta, Catherine Bisignano, Farhad Islami, Gholamreza Roshandel, Stephen S. Lim, Hassan Abolhassani, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Shailesh M. Advani, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Tomi Akinyemiju, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Fares Alahdab, Vahid Alipour, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Abdulaziz M. Almulhim, Nahla Hamed Anber, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Alaa Badawi, Kathleen S. Sachiko Berfield, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Antonio Biondi, Tone Bjørge, Antonio M. Borzì, Cristina Bosetti, Giulia Carreras, Felix Carvalho, Clara Castro, Dinh-Toi Chu, Vera Marisa Costa, Baye Dagnew, Jiregna Darega Gela, Ahmad Daryani, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Iffat Elbarazi, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Arash Etemadi, Pawan Sirwan Faris, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Mohamed M. Gad, Silvano Gallus, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie, Fatemah Ghasemi-Kebria, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Mahaveer Golechha, Giuseppe Gorini, Rahul Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, James D. Harvey, Maryam Hashemian, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Simon I. Hay, Andualem Henok, Chi Linh Hoang, H. Dean Hosgood, Mowafa Househ, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D. Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Charvi Jain, Spencer L. James, Sun Ha Jee, Ravi Prakash Jha, Farahnaz Joukar, Ali Kabir, Amir Kasaeian, Mesfin Wudu Kassaw, Supreet Kaur, Andre Pascal Kengne, Esma Kerboua, Yousef Saleh Khader, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Abdullah T. Khoja, Jonathan M. Kocarnik, Hamidreza Komaki, Vivek Kumar, Carlo La Vecchia, Savita Lasrado, Bingyu Li, Alan D. Lopez, Azeem Majeed, Navid Manafi, Ana Laura Manda, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Manu Raj Mathur, Varshil Mehta, Dhruv Mehta, Walter Mendoza, Prasanna Mithra, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H. Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Delaram Moosavi, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ghobad Moradi, Farhad Moradpour, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Gurudatta Naik, Lonut Negoi, Haruna Asura Nggada, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Molly R. Nixon, Andrew T. Olagunju, Jagadish Roa. Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Shanti Patel, Mona Pathak, Hai Quang Pham, Akram Pourshams, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Goura Kishor Rath, Priya Rathi, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Nima Rezaei, Elias Merdassa Roro, Anas M. Saad, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M. Samy, Benn Sartorius, Arash Sarvaezad, Mario Sekerija, Feng Sha, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Reza Shirkoohi, Sudeep K. Siddappa Malleshappa, Jasvinder A. Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Catalin-Gabriel Smarandache, Sergey Soshnikov, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Bhaskar Thakur, Eugenio Traini, Khanh Bao Tran, Bach Xuan Tran, Irfan Ullah, Marco Vacante, Yousef Veisani, Isidora S. Vujcic, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Rixing Xu, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Deniz Yuce, Vesna Zadnik, Zoubida Zaidi, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Reza Malekzadeh, Mohsen Naghavi, Gbd 2017 Oesophageal Cancer Collaborators

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 The Author(s). Background Oesophageal cancer is a common and often fatal cancer that has two main histological subtypes: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Updated statistics on the incidence and mortality of oesophageal cancer, and on the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the disease, can assist policy makers in allocating resources for prevention, treatment, and care of oesophageal cancer. We report the latest estimates of these statistics for 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017, by age, sex, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 …

Experiences Of Parents Who Give Pharmacological Treatment To Children With Functional Constipation At Home, Gunilla Flankegård, Evalotte Mörelius, Karel Duchen, Patrik Rytterström

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: The aim was to explore the lived experiences of parents who give oral and rectal pharmacological treatment to their children with functional constipation at home. Design: A phenomenological design with a reflective lifeworld research approach that describes phenomena as they are experienced by individuals. Methods: From January–May 2019, 15 interviews were conducted with parents of children with functional constipation with home-based oral and rectal treatment. Parents were recruited from three different healthcare levels. Open-ended questions were used starting from the description of a normal …

An Integrative Study Of Motivation And Goal Regulation Processes In Subclinical Anxiety, Depression And Hypomania, Joanne M. Dickson, Sheri Johnson, Christopher Huntley, Peter Taylor

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Research has implicated motivation and goal regulation in susceptibility to mood disorders. We studied for the first time key facets of motivation and goal regulation concurrently in relation to affective symptoms. The cross-national sample comprised 510 university students from the United States (n = 279) and United Kingdom (n = 231). Participants completed self-report measures of motivation, conditional goal setting, urgency, depression, anxiety, and mania risk. Structural Equation Modeling results found that behavioral activation system scores correlated negatively with depression and positively with mania risk, but were unrelated to anxiety. High conditional goal setting correlated uniquely with higher …

Saying ‘No’: A Biographical Analysis Of The Experiences Of Women With A Genetic Predisposition To Developing Breast/Ovarian Cancer Who Reject Risk Reducing Surgery, Doreen Molloy

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Background: Genetic technologies have identified some of the genes implicated in cancer susceptibility. Women with mutations in breast/ovarian cancer-susceptibility genes (BRCA1 and 2) have a lifetime combined risk of breast/ovarian cancer of more than 80%. Risk reducing surgery (RRS) reduces cancer risk by as much as 90% in high risk populations. Despite this, some BRCA1/2 mutation-positive women say no to RRS.

Purpose: To illuminate an understanding of why women at high risk of developing breast/ovarian cancer say no to risk reducing surgery (RRS).

Design: Denzin’s (1989) interpretive biography was combined with Dolby-Stahl’s (1985) literary folkloristic methodology to provide a contextualised …

De Concentv Amisso Qvaerendo: An Investigation Into The Relative Benefits Of Three Different Types Of Ambient Music On The Observed Agitated Behaviour And Quality Of Life Of Dementia Sufferers In Residential Aged Care Facilities, Peter Wilkinson

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

There is an increasing body of research evidence to support the use of music as a therapeutic modality in reducing the agitated behaviour frequently associated with late-stage dementia. Although much of this evidence suggests that music interventions are most effective when they are “individualized”, this type of intervention is often difficult to implement in large, busy, aged care facilities where residents may be located together in communal areas during the day. The challenge therefore is to try and identify a particular musical genre which, when played as “ambient” or “background” music, demonstrates a consistent capacity to reduce agitated behaviour in …

Communication Disorders And Indigenous Australians : A Synthesis And Critique Of The Available Literature, Jasmyn Hall

Theses : Honours

Purpose: To synthesise and critique the available diverse literature related to communication disorders experienced by Indigenous Australians. This is in order to provide health professionals with a resource guide for evidence based decision making. The review has a specific focus on prevalence, assessment and effective treatment of communication disorders and explores these across the lifespan.

Method: A three phase systematic search process was adopted. A number of key databases, speech pathology journals and grey literature sources were searched to obtain articles relevant to the research aims. Two researchers independently rated articles for inclusion as well as methodological quality using the …

The Effects Of Combined Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation And Physical Training On Body Composition And Muscular Function In Patients With Inflammatory Myopathies, Lynda Murray

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

not available

An Identification Of The Core Variables That Assist People Diagnosed With Mental Illness In A Time Of Transition, Robyn M. Martin

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This study has sought to identify the core variables or factors that are utilised by people with a diagnosis of mental illness in a time of transition. The specific transition involved study participants exiting a non government community mental health agency. The variables of interest are those that assist individuals to cope during this time of change and transition. The specific transition involves participants leaving or exiting from a non government mental health agency that provides community based, psychosocial support. The study topic is located in the context of a formalised mental health system in the process of changing from …

Living With Mental Illness: A Descriptive Study Of Individual Adult Experiences Of Living With Mental Illness In Zomba, Malawi, Ivy J. Lekera

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of mental illness in the adult Malawian context. Using the interpretive paradigm, content analysis was used to uncover the lived experiences of mental illness. This study was based on the philosophy that meaning of a phenomenon is best understood if studied within its specific context and within Parse's theoretical framework. Two to four per cent of the global population share the experience of mental illness, however, little is known of individual experiences within the Malawian context. Much of the literature has focused on the physiological aspects, causes, and therapies involved …

An Evaluation Of A Workshop On Pain Assessment And Management For Nurses, Beverley Bradshaw

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge of pain assessment and management, examine what change occurred immediately following a pain assessment and management workshop and examine whether any changes were retained one month later. Chin and Benne’s theory of change provided the theoretical framework for this study. Their approach to planned change involves assessing the existing structure, formulating and implementing a plan to change that structure, then evaluating the change. The following hypothesis was formulated for investigation: That nurses’ knowledge of pain assessment and management would increase after a workshop on the subject and be retained over …

Effect Of Ice Therapy On Post Partum Perineal Pain And Wound Condition, Sheila Klimczyk

Theses : Honours

The application of ice to the perineal wound is a common treatment in the post partum period. There is little research available that evaluates the efficacy of ice therapy. This study examined the effects of ice therapy on the perineal wound in the first 24 hours post partum. An experimental design was used to test the hypothesis that the application of ice to the perineal wound, in the first 24 hours post partum, produces a significant reduction in reported pain and use of oral analgesia, and improvement in wound condition. A convenience sample of 58 post partum women from a …