Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Quintavalle: The Quandary In Bioethics, Lisa Cherkassky

Journal of Law and Health

The case of R. (Quintavalle) v. Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority (and Secretary of State for Health) presents a handful of legal problems. The biggest legal query to arise from the case is the inevitable harvest of babies, toddlers and very young children for their bone marrow. This article unpacks the judicial story behind Quintavalle to reveal how the strict provisions of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 - namely ‘suitable condition’ under schedule 2 paragraph 1(1)(a) and ‘treatment services’ and ‘assisting’ under section 2(1) - were widely misinterpreted to introduce the social selection of embryos into law. The legal …

Healer, Witness, Or Double Agent? Reexamining The Ethics Of Forensic Psychiatry, Matthew U. Scherer

Journal of Law and Health

In recent years, psychiatrists have become ever more prevalent in American courtrooms. Consequently, the issue of when the usual rules of medical ethics should apply to forensic psychiatric encounters has taken on increased importance and is a continuing topic of discussion among both legal and medical scholars. A number of approaches to the problem of forensic psychiatric ethics have been proposed, but none adequately addresses the issues that arise when a forensic encounter develops therapeutic characteristics. This article looks to the rules governing the lawyer-client relationship as a model for a new approach to forensic psychiatric ethics. This new model …

Mending Invisible Wounds: The Efficacy And Legality Of Mdma-Assisted Psychotherapy In United States' Veterans Suffering With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Jonathan Perry

Journal of Law and Health

Though Veteran Affairs has provided crucial life sustaining—and often lifesaving—treatments to returning soldiers, the substantial and ever-increasing rates of veteran suicides, drug addictions, and criminal behavior indicate a need for broader options in treatment. One of the most profound discoveries uncovered through MDMA-assisted psychotherapy research is MDMA’s facilitation of the alleviation of addictive behavior in subjects, and, as a result, an alleviation of addictions in general. Addiction is one of the key symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and drug abuse plays a large role in the other afflictions suffered by veterans, namely criminal activity and a high rate of …

The Chemistry Of The Flint Water Crisis, Ernest M. Oleksy

The Downtown Review

Politics and science do not always go hand-in-hand. Nowhere was this more clear than in the Flint Water Crisis. Negligence towards growing levels of lead poisoning in drinking water led to incredibly deleterious effects on Flint's citizens. The chemistry of equilibrium and the shortcomings of local leaders led to Flint's water becoming a crisis.

A Critique Of Henrik Friberg-Fernros's Defense Of The Substance View, William Simkulet

Philosophy and Religious Studies Department Faculty Publications

Proponents of the substance view contend that abortion is seriously morally wrong because it is killing something with the same inherent value and right to life as you or I. Rob Lovering offers two innovative criticisms of the anti-abortion position taken by the substance view - the rescue argument and the problem of spontaneous abortion. Henrik Friberg-Fernros offers an interesting response to Lovering, but one I argue would be inconsistent with the anti-abortion stance taken by most substance view theorists.

Intention And Moral Enhancement, William Simkulet

Philosophy and Religious Studies Department Faculty Publications

Recently philosophers have proposed a wide variety of interventions referred to as 'moral enhancements'. Some of these interventions are concerned with helping individuals make more informed decisions; others, however, are designed to compel people to act as the intervener sees fit. Somewhere between these two extremes lie interventions designed to direct an agent's attention either towards morally relevant issues - hat-hanging - or away from temptations to do wrong - hat-hiding. I argue that these interventions fail to constitute genuine moral enhancement because, although they may result in more desirable outcomes - more altruism, more law-following, and/or less self-destructive behavior, …

Reciprocity: Caring For America's Caregivers, Courtney Dunn

The Downtown Review

Should families be forced to choose between the health of a caregiver and patient? Through the eyes of a woman caring for her husband with Alzheimer's disease, we see that family caregivers suffer tremendous amounts of stress while caring for the patient. Despite the time and efforts required to care for someone with Alzheimer's disease, people every day choose this as an alternative to out-of-home care. This often leads to depression, anxiety, and physical stress which can result in series medical issues. Considering the increase of people with Alzheimer's disease in the United States, this article argues that support programs …

Is Proxy Consent For An Invasive Procedure On A Patient With Intellectual Disabilities Ethically Sufficient?, Sonya Charles, Stephen Corey, Peter Bulova

Philosophy and Religious Studies Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Metabolomics Reveals New Mechanisms For Pathogenesis In Barth Syndrome And Introduces Novel Roles For Cardiolipin In Cellular Function, Yana Sandlers, Kelly Mercier, Wimal Pathmasiri, Jim Carlson, Susan Mcritchie, Susan Sumner, Hilary J. Vernon

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Barth Syndrome is the only known Mendelian disorder of cardiolipin remodeling, with characteristic clinical features of cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and neutropenia. While the primary biochemical defects of reduced mature cardiolipin and increased monolysocardiolipin are well-described, much of the downstream biochemical dysregulation has not been uncovered, and biomarkers are limited. In order to further expand upon the knowledge of the biochemical abnormalities in Barth Syndrome, we analyzed metabolite profiles in plasma from a cohort of individuals with Barth Syndrome compared to age-matched controls via ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A clear distinction between metabolite profiles of …

Kangaroo Care (Skin-To-Skin) For Clustered Pain Procedures: Case Study, Raouth R. Kostandy, Susan M. Ludington-Hoe

Nursing Faculty Publications

Background: Pain management for term newborns undergoing clustered painful procedures has not been tested. Kangaroo Care (chest-to-chest, skin-to-skin position of infant on mother) effectively reduces pain of single procedures, but its effect on pain from clustered procedures is not known. Aim: The aim was to test Kangaroo Care’s effect on pain in one term infant who received clustered painful procedures while determining feasibility of the Kangaroo Care intervention. Design, Setting, and Participant: A case study design was used with one healthy term newborn who received two heel sticks and one injection in one session in the mother’s postpartum room. Method: …

Jainism And Nonviolence: From Mahavira To Modern Times, Lana E. Sims

The Downtown Review

The research contained in this paper focuses on the religion of Jainism, its main principle of ahimsa, or nonviolence, and how that philosophy has evolved over the years, eventually inspiring today’s nonviolent movements. First, a look will be taken at the origin of Jainism, with a brief explanation of its most important principles and beliefs. Then, ahimsa is explained as it has been traditionally perceived by Jains. The recent evolution of the meaning of ahimsa and its impact on modern nonviolence movements is discussed, with a focus on the influence of second-generation Jains in the United States on the …

Madeleine Leininger And The Transcultural Theory Of Nursing, Daniel A. Busher Betancourt

The Downtown Review

This paper explores Madeleine Leininger’s Theory of Transcultural Nursing and the importance that her theory has in the realm of modern nursing care. The United States is a nation widely acclaimed for its advances in health care, and nurses hold a vital role in delivering such quality care to their patients, who offer differences in “values, beliefs, and lifeways." In light of the globalization of health care and the stress put on professionalism in nursing, Leininger’s theories and research on comparative human care hold a prominent place in health care that provide congruency in the beliefs and cultural values of …

Self-Regulated Learning Prompts In The Enhancement Of Critical Thinking Skills, Patricia A. Pawlak

ETD Archive

Critical thinking has been recognized as an essential concept in nursing curricula, as well as an important outcome for nursing students. The process of journaling has been used as an educational tool within nursing education to evaluate the critical thinking skills in nursing students. Despite its vigorous use, there is no specific format or conceptual model that is used consistently in nursing education to guide the journaling process or to evaluate if critical thinking is or has indeed occurred. This study will introduce the concept of using self-regulated learning (SRL) theory to prompt Basic BSN students in the development of …

Bilingualism Across The Adult Life-Span: Age And Language Usage Are Continuous Variables, Sara Incera Burkert

ETD Archive

The purpose of this dissertation research was to analyze the effects of bilingualism and age on cognitive function. Specifically, I investigated the impact of bilingualism and age on two measures of executive control. The Stroop task is a measure of response inhibition, and the Flanker task is a measure of attention selection. Participants responded using a computer mouse. The mouse-tracking paradigm allowed me to examine the continuous dynamics of the responses as participants completed each trial. A better understanding of the impact of bilingualism and age on cognitive function has the potential to minimize cognitive decline in older age. The …

Student Perceptions Of Faculty's Social Presence In Online Health Science Courses, Samantha J. Mencini

ETD Archive

With continued surges in enrollment in the various online health science programs, especially nursing programs, there is a great need for additional research to be conducted regarding how students perceive their professors social presence in an online learning environment through the use of Computer-Mediated Communications - CMCs. The objectives of this descriptive phenomenological qualitative study were to: 1) illustrate how students perceive their professors’ social presence as used in various types of CMCs; 2) identify emotions which the students have experienced in response to their professor’s CMCs; 3) unveil common themes regarding student perception of their professors’ social presence; and …

The Effects Of The Menstrual Cycle On Agility, Kheniser G. Karim

ETD Archive

It has long been speculated that the menstrual cycle affects athletic performance. Whether athletic performance is impacted by menstrual cycle phase is dependent upon an array of factors: the type of activity (i.e., aerobic or anaerobic); oral contraceptive (OC) use; and, possibly, if mental processing is required during the execution of the task. Prior research has indicated that alterations in estradiol (E2) affects cognitive performance. However, there is a paucity of information about whether E2 modulates the speed of cognitive processing in a sports setting, which may cause alterations in sport performance throughout the menstrual cycle. Additionally, variations in E2 …

The Voice And Cystic Fibrosis: A Descriptive Case Study, Veronica Smitley

ETD Archive

Cystic fibrosis is a common autosomal recessive disease with severe effects on the respiratory, digestive, and endocrine systems. Symptoms include chronic cough and wheezing, frequent upper respiratory tract infections, and reflux disease. While most treatments for cystic fibrosis aim to mitigate the respiratory and gastrointestinal dysfunction, the potential adverse effects on an individual’s voice has not been researched in a systematic manner. We hypothesized that individuals with cystic fibrosis may show physical signs of vocal fold damage, as well as common dysphonic symptoms. Given the impact voice disorders have an overall quality of life, identification and management of cystic fibrosis-related …

Development Of A Testicular Cancer Vaccine, Roberto Aguilar Iii

ETD Archive

Testicular cancer mainly affects men between the ages of 20 and 35 but is the most common male neoplasm between the ages of 15 and 34. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) states that localized testicular cancer has a recurrence rate of 15-20% and tumors that are Sertoli or Leydig cell derived fail to respond to chemotherapy or radiation treatments. The recurrence rate may increase to 32% if at diagnosis the tumor is greater than 4 cm in size with invasion of the rete testes. To improve therapy for testicular cancer, we examined the usefulness of a testicular cancer vaccine. We …

A Survey Of Speech Sound Production In Children With Visual Impairment, Shannon L. Zeszut

ETD Archive

Few studies have explored the characteristics of speech sound productions in children with visual impairments. Similarly, there is little research on how speech- language pathologists provide therapy to improve speech sound productions in children with visual impairments. This study addressed the need for research evidence upon which speech-language pathologists might base their clinical practices. The intent of this report is to contribute to the available information on successful speech-language therapy for speech sound productions in children with visual impairments.

Fifteen speech-language pathologists responded to a survey that inquired about speech sound productions in the children with visual impairments on their …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Lectin Mimetics (Neo-Lectins), Czharena Kay Rama, Joshua Whited

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

The cell surface expresses a variety of carbohydrates such as glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids. They play critical roles in pathological and physiological processes, including cell signaling, immune responses, pathogen-host interactions, tumor metastasis, and other cellular events. Due to its function and uses in cell communication, it is a curious subject of observation for scientific research. The molecular mechanism of carbohydrate recognition is still undetermined, and lectins, sugar binding proteins, are used to analyze the particular structures expressed on the cell surface. Lectins are normally found in plants and animals, and the isolation process of lectins is laborious, toxic, immunogenic and …

The Identification Of Anti-Cancer Molecular Targets Of Cox-2 Inhibitor Nimesulide, Yuridia Olivera Ortiz, Nethrie D. Idippily

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs which were primarily used for the treatment inflammation and pain have also shown anti-cancer activity in many studies. The mechanism of action of NSAIDs in cancer may involve cyclooxygenase (COX) dependent or independent pathways. According to studies, COX-2 is overexpressed in several cancers such as prostate, breast, nonsmall-cell lung, colon, and pancreas. Nimesulide is an NSAID with COX-2 inhibitory activity and investigations show that it could induce apoptosis in cancer. Previously, a library of compounds was synthesized using Nimesulide as a lead compound. However, they displayed different molecular targets: tubulin and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). …

The Use Of Ipad Pros As An Assistive Device In Occupational Therapy, Osorio Lana

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

RESEARCH QUESTION: How can IPADS be used as an assistive devices for children and adults with disabilities? A literature review was conducted using the keywords, in order to find articles about using iPads as a therapeutic device. As a result it was concluded that iPads due to its versatility and popularity has made great progress as a therapeutic tool. Apps recommended as having a therapeutic purpose were also purchased and installed. The iPads will be used as a learning device amongst the Health Science Programs at Cleveland State University. KEYWORDS: iPad, assistive technology, occupational therapy, tablet, allied health, assistive therapeutic …

Variation Of Bone Microarchitecture Within And Among Contemporaneous Species Of Fossil Horses: Feasibility, Emily A. Edwards

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

Mesohippus, Miohippus, and Merychippus are extinct horse species that date back fifteen to thirty million years ago, which spanned over three time periods in North America. Each of the horses habituated different terrains from wet to dry. The third metacarpal became the prominent one-toe of horse evolution and is the specimen of this study. The aim is to determine if reorientation, segmentation, correcting size differences, and isolation are feasible. Horse fossils are extensive, documented, and are used as an analogous fossil lineage to humans for this study. Imaging of the third metacarpal was accomplished by micro-CT scanning with a focus …

The Effects Of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Lesion On Swallowing Kinematics And Airway Protection, Saja Abid, Rebecca Z. German

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

The superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) carries sensory information from the mucosal tissues of the pharynx superior to the vocal folds, and carries motor signals to the cricothyroid muscles. It also provides partial innervation to the thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. Finally, the SLN initiates the swallow. When a food or liquid bolus is swallowed, the epiglottis and the false and true vocal folds work together to seal off the airway and allow the bolus to pass through the esophagus. If the SLN is damaged, it usually leads to dysphasia in which food or liquid enters the airway. We hypothesized that …

Dialects Accents And Intelligence: A Study On Dialectal Perceptions, Taylor Moore

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

Speech language pathologists are given the tools to help clients with a wide range of pathologies. Issues relating to speech, hearing, swallowing, etc can all benefit from a Speech language pathologist's insight. One area that can be difficult is dialect. People across America speak with many different dialects and speech language pathologists are taught to recognize these differences but not correct them. Dialect showcases culture but does not define intelligence. Dialects like African American Venacular English are rule governed systems of communication (Carter, 2012). The research done on AAVE is seemingly endless (Baugh, 1983; Pearson,2013; Robinson,2011; Carter 2010; Bronstein,1970......) and …

Sequential And Dynamic Rna:Rna Base-Pairing Interactions Between U6atac And U12 Snrnas Predicted To Form Helix 1a And Helix 1b, Maitri Patel, Jagjit Singh

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

In eukaryotes, pre-mRNA splicing is important step for gene expression. Splicing is a two-step process which is carried out by a multi-megadalton molecular weight ribonucleoprotein (RNP) machinery called spliceosome. Spliceosome converts pre- mRNA to mRNA by removing non-coding sequence (introns) and splice together coding sequence (exons). Mammalian pre-mRNA are spliced by two different class of spliceosomes which are known as U2- and U12- dependent spliceosomes. U12 dependent spliceosome is composed of five small nuclear RNAs (snRNA). As compared to U2-dependent spliceosome, there is very less known about the catalytic process of U12-dependent splicing. U6atac and U12 snRNA are central to …

Defining An Enriched Environment For Pre-Ambulation Training Using A Multi-Directional, Over-Ground Harness System For Young Children With Down Syndrome, Lauren Schuck, Lisa Haecker

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

This theoretical literature review aims to define the components of an enriched environment (EE) while using a multi-directional, over-ground harness system (MOH), for pre-ambulatory children with Down syndrome (DS). While using an EE has not been clearly defined within humans, children with DS may benefit from this combination of interventions to optimize developmental outcomes. Of the 15 articles critiqued, 6 were found to be most relevant to help define an EE with specific activities when using a MOH for pre-ambulation training. As a part of defining an EE within a MOH, activities will be suggested that stimulate the four components …

Effect Of Calorie Restriction On Circadian Rhythms Of Glycolytic Enzymes In Mice, Enas A. Muhammad, Artem Astafev, Kuldeep Makwana

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

Multicellular and unicellular organisms have all proven to exhibit circadian rhythms which persist over approximately 24 hours. This internal time keeping system is responsible for regulating the body's biological functions. It has been known that calorie restriction effects circadian rhythms by causing a response in clock gene expression. These clock genes react to food intake and become either upregulated or downregulated accordingly. With glycolysis being a biological pathway that occurs in most organisms, measuring glycolytic gene expression in the liver tissue of young male mice becomes of interest. More specifically, hexokinase, PFK-1, and pyruvate kinase are the enzymes of interest. …

Effect Of Hypoxic Conditions On Skeletal Myoblasts, Abdo Boumitri, Shuai Zhao

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

Ischemic injury in skeletal muscle caused by hypoxic (low oxygen) conditions occurs in response to vascular and musculoskeletal traumas, diseases and following reconstructive surgeries. Thus, a thorough understanding of the effect of hypoxia on skeletal myoblasts is warranted to identify potential therapeutic targets. We have determined that treatment with cobalt chloride (to mimic hypoxic conditions) leads to decreased numbers of viable (attached) skeletal myoblast over time and an increase in the percentage of detached myoblasts. To determine the contribution of apoptosis (cell death) to this increase in detached myoblasts, we assessed PARP cleavage, a well- accepted marker for apoptosis. Consistent …

Understanding The Expression And Trafficking Of Plasmodium Falciparum Maurer’S Clefts Proteins, Sophia Degeorgia, Katharine Komisarz, Ashka Patel, Raghavendra Yadavalli

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

Malaria is a potentially fatal disease caused by parasites in the genus Plasmodium. Of the five species that cause human malaria, P. falciparum causes an estimated 1 million deaths annually, particularly in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Plasmodium falciparum is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. After invasion into human red blood cells, parasite induced transport structures known as Maurer's clefts, are formed within red cells. In previous studies, two Maurer's clefts proteins were identified; an approximately 130 kDa peripheral membrane protein and a 20-kDa integral membrane protein. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy identified both proteins …