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Articles 1 - 30 of 70
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Modeling Radiation Exposure On Flight Missions To Analyze Aircrew Risk, Camila V. Quintero Hilsaca
Modeling Radiation Exposure On Flight Missions To Analyze Aircrew Risk, Camila V. Quintero Hilsaca
Theses and Dissertations
GCR and SPE comprise the majority of the ionizing radiation experienced in the upper atmosphere within flight-altitude environments. Although previous studies have analyzed radiation doses from single sources on civilian flight operations, there is a lack of research focused on dose received by military personnel during flight from both sources simultaneously. In-flight radiation environments are modeled through the MCNP6 for two separate aircraft, an Air Force A-10 and a Boeing 737. Particle fluence values for galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events for four separate flight paths are determined using the CARI-7A software and the SIRE2 toolkit, respectively. MCNP6 code …
Evaluating The Military Medical Evacuation Dispatching And Delivery Problem Via Simulation And Self-Exciting Hawkes Process, Virbon B. Frial
Evaluating The Military Medical Evacuation Dispatching And Delivery Problem Via Simulation And Self-Exciting Hawkes Process, Virbon B. Frial
Theses and Dissertations
The location, allocation, and utilization of military medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) resources significantly impact the quality and timeliness of medical care to injured troops. In 2009, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates introduced the Golden Hour mandate that entails the evacuation of critically-injured troops to military treatment facilities (MTFs) within an hour to prevent further complications. To develop high-quality policies that improve MEDEVAC system performance, several papers in the current literature assume that MTFs have both the capacity and capability of treating any patient, regardless of the type of injury. However, these assumptions are unrealistic when conducting high-intensity operations. While acknowledging MTF …
Advancing Proper Dataset Partitioning And Classification Of Visual Search And The Vigilance Decrement Using Eeg Deep Learning Algorithms, Alexander J. Kamrud
Advancing Proper Dataset Partitioning And Classification Of Visual Search And The Vigilance Decrement Using Eeg Deep Learning Algorithms, Alexander J. Kamrud
Theses and Dissertations
Electroencephalography (EEG) classification of visual search and vigilance tasks has vast potential in its benefits. In future human-machine teaming systems, EEG could act as the tool for operator state assessment, enabling AI teammates to know when to assist the operator in these tasks, with the potential to lead to increased safety of operations, better training systems for our operators, and improved operational effectiveness. This research investigates deep learning methods which utilize EEG signals to classify the efficiency of an operator's search and to classify whether an operator is in a decrement during a vigilance type task, and investigates performing these …
A Coupled Hazard Simulation And Post-Disaster Resource Optimization Framework, Stephen M. Cunningham
A Coupled Hazard Simulation And Post-Disaster Resource Optimization Framework, Stephen M. Cunningham
Theses and Dissertations
Extreme events, such as natural or human-caused disasters, cause mental health stress in affected communities. While the severity of these outcomes varies based on socioeconomic standing, age group, and degree of exposure, disaster planners can mitigate potential stress-induced mental health outcomes by assessing early, intermediate, and long-term treatment interventions by social workers and psychologists. However, local and state authorities are typically underfunded, understaffed, and have ongoing health and social service obligations that constrain mitigation and response activities. A resource assignment framework is developed as a coupled-state transition and linear optimization model that assists planners in optimally allocating constrained resources and …
Costs And Benefits Of Physical Therapy Program Implementation For Air Force Fighter Pilots, Christian G. Erneston
Costs And Benefits Of Physical Therapy Program Implementation For Air Force Fighter Pilots, Christian G. Erneston
Theses and Dissertations
Air Force fighter pilots face risks associated with neck and spine injuries sustained while operating fighter aircraft. Studies from the flying and medical communities indicate that muscle-strengthening prehabilitative care may decrease the risk of flying related injuries in high performance aircraft pilots. For this reason, the U.S. Air Force provided $24.9M to implement the Optimizing the Human Weapon System (OHWS) program. The program provides physical therapy and strength training to fighter pilots in participating units at twenty-one Air Force bases with the intent of reducing injury rates and time out of the cockpit. From a healthcare perspective there is interest …
Survey Of Airflow Around A Heated Manikin As A Simulated Aeromedical Evacuation Patient On A Litter With Computational Fluid Dynamics Models, George P. Lemmer
Survey Of Airflow Around A Heated Manikin As A Simulated Aeromedical Evacuation Patient On A Litter With Computational Fluid Dynamics Models, George P. Lemmer
Theses and Dissertations
Aeromedical Evacuations remain the predominant method used to transport patients from forward deployed areas of operations to secure locations with more robust medical infrastructure. Transportation of chemical warfare casualties and infectious patients require additional attention to prevent cross contamination. Specific airflow characteristics paired with environmental control system settings are a gap in scholarly literature. Based on the available literature computational fluid dynamics models were created to simulate the airflow around a patient represented by human geometry using commercially available software. In order to compare simulated and experimental results a heated manikin was placed in the MURPHEE aerosol exposure chamber and …
Development Of A Semi-Quantitative Methodology For Evaluation Of Whole-Body Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Decontamination Using An Ultraviolet Fluorescent Aerosol, Emily M. Titus
Theses and Dissertations
This work describes a literature review which was conducted on publicly available literature on chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) decontamination to understand the body of knowledge and gaps in this body of knowledge, including the assumption that disrobing after a CBRN incident will remove 90% of contamination. Also included is a description of the design and characterization of an aerosol test chamber which was constructed for use in this research. Finally, the bulk of this work describes the development of a semi-quantitative methodology for visualizing contamination. This method uses an ultraviolet fluorescent aerosol (to simulate contamination by a chemical …
Preferred Treatment Methods For Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, James L. Deitschel
Preferred Treatment Methods For Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, James L. Deitschel
Theses and Dissertations
Shared decision making is the concept of physicians involving patients in the treatment planning process. The University of Maryland Medical Center is interested in applying shared decision making to the treatment of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The two treatment methods analyzed in this study were medical management and surgery. To explore patient preferences between these two alternatives, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was employed. The responses for the DCE were binary, so logistic regression models were explored. The conditional logistic regression model was determined to be the most appropriate for this analysis. After step-wise regression was performed, a …
Detection And Quantification Of Bacterial Species Important To Mental And Physical Health, David G. Leonard
Detection And Quantification Of Bacterial Species Important To Mental And Physical Health, David G. Leonard
Theses and Dissertations
The human gut microbiome contains an abundance of microorganisms which could influence mental health as well as physical health. These microorganisms produce chemicals which affect the brain and the body in various ways. Probiotic bacteria and yeasts have been studied to determine effects they have on mice, rats, and humans to illustrate the importance these microorganisms on health. Studies have shown that adding beneficial microorganisms to the human diet can have positive effects on mental and physical health, to include lessening symptoms of depression and anxiety, lessen gastrointestinal inflammation, displacing pathogens, and improving immunomodulatory response. A quantitative way to identify …
Electronic Image Detectability Under Varying Illumination Conditions, Jeremy J. Miller
Electronic Image Detectability Under Varying Illumination Conditions, Jeremy J. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Light in the built environment plays an essential role in the vision and the health of humans through non-visual receptors in the eyes. Unfortunately, image analysts and other Air Force personnel who engage in the detection of objects on softcopy displays are often required to work in very dimly-lit or dark environments as higher illumination reduces the contrast of displayed information. Literature has shown that increases in light exposure improves circadian rhythm entrainment and reduces the negative health consequences of insufficient lighting. This research examines the effects of indoor lighting to determine if increases in ambient illumination or changes to …
Assessing Challenges Associated With Sampling Hexavalent Chromium Under New Consensus Guidelilnes, Megan L. Steele
Assessing Challenges Associated With Sampling Hexavalent Chromium Under New Consensus Guidelilnes, Megan L. Steele
Theses and Dissertations
Hexavalent chromium is a corrosion inhibitor found in the primer of most aircraft platforms across the Department of Defense (DoD), from fighter jets to transports. It is also known to cause cancer in humans. Currently, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) legal exposure limit is 5 μg/m3 for workers exposed to hexavalent chromium. A non-regulatory scientific body has recently recommended lowering this exposure level over a factor of ten and sampling with a different sampler that collects particles with the same efficiency as the nose during inhalation. This inhalable sampler collects more particles than the one currently used …
Retrospective Cohort Study Of Pure Tone Audiometry Threshold Shifts From Ototoxic Substance, Continuous Noise, And Impulse Noise Exposures At Tinker Air Force Base From 2005 To 2019, Marc J. Blair
Theses and Dissertations
This retrospective cohort epidemiology study sought to establish the comparative risks and potential indicators of hearing loss associated with combinations of ototoxic substances, impulse noise, and continuous noise exposure. Currently, there is not an existing model or methodology in the Department of Defense (DoD) that joins occupational exposure data and pure tone audiometric data. After developing an integrated database model for Tinker Air Force Base, the largest of three depot installations within Air Force Material Command, 2,372 individuals were grouped into eight combinations of exposure groups with a minimum three years exposure duration to hazards. The incidence rates and relative …
Development And Characterization Of A Filter-Based Bioaerosol Sampler Capable Of Integration Into Small Unmanned Aerial Systems, Stephanie A. Ohms
Development And Characterization Of A Filter-Based Bioaerosol Sampler Capable Of Integration Into Small Unmanned Aerial Systems, Stephanie A. Ohms
Theses and Dissertations
In developing functional SUAS, performance characteristics that indicate system capability should be developed prior to initiating initial system design. Key performance parameters should be developed involving all system elements (including vehicle body, operator, ground station, sensor, and algorithm or processing module). A bioaerosol sampler designed specifically for the use in SUAS was characterized based on designated performance measures to determine overall effectiveness compared to traditional bioaerosol samplers. For a system with a goal of accurately identifying and quantifying areas of airborne biological contamination or surveying background levels for longitudinal studies, performance parameters such as weight of the vehicle with payload …
Examining Healthy Community Design Characteristics And Its Influence On Physical Health, Alvin T. Yip
Examining Healthy Community Design Characteristics And Its Influence On Physical Health, Alvin T. Yip
Theses and Dissertations
Current trends in obesity rates associated with the community layout constitutes research towards understanding the interaction between the two in order to improve the public's physical health. Successes in healthy community planning studies for the public can be harnessed and implemented within the microcosm of military bases to yield similar results. Four factors were recognized through an in-depth academic literature review that showed positive influence on physical health and physical activity. They are access to green space, highly connected pedestrian and bicycle networks, access to public transportation, and integrated mixed land use. The four healthy planning strategies formed the necessary …
The Influence Of Light In The Built Environment To Improve Mental Health Outcomes, Nathanael T. Kohl
The Influence Of Light In The Built Environment To Improve Mental Health Outcomes, Nathanael T. Kohl
Theses and Dissertations
Current mental health statistics for US active duty and Veteran members justify research into the causes and remedies for those plagued with negative mental health outcomes. Recent research has suggested that the built environment is connected to our mental health. This study investigated this connection with active duty and Veteran populations across the US. A literature review was completed on what factors of light in the built environment affects mental health outcomes. An analysis of active duty and Veteran mental health symptoms and the natural light rating in their residence was completed to understand the design changes that can be …
Cognitive Effects Of Short Duration Short Wavelength Visible Light, Sarah J. Bolton
Cognitive Effects Of Short Duration Short Wavelength Visible Light, Sarah J. Bolton
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis research looks at the effects of short duration, high intensity, short wavelength light with the goal of determining if converting typically white colored lights in breakrooms and bathrooms to blue will cause workers who normally work in a low light environment to be more alert and productive. Sixteen participants were outfitted with Electroencephalography (and Electrooculography (EOG) equipment before being exposed to 200 lux of either 460 nm blue light or D6500 white light for 30 minutes. Afterwards, the light levels were changed to 3.5 lux of D6500 light and the participants were asked to perform six cognitive tests …
Radiological Decontamination In The Urban Environment Utilizing An Irreversible Wash-Aid Recovery System, Keith A. Sanders
Radiological Decontamination In The Urban Environment Utilizing An Irreversible Wash-Aid Recovery System, Keith A. Sanders
Theses and Dissertations
The radioactive fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors accident and the ongoing threat of nuclear or radioactive terrorism have forced the need for urban radiological decontamination into the forefront. Many of the established decontamination techniques are not ideally suited for the urban milieu. One of the keys to maximize the effectiveness of long-term remediation and recovery in the urban environment is immediate mitigation within a few days of the incident and before a rain event. The Integrated Wash-Aid, Treatment, and Emergency Reuse System (IWATERS) provides a potentially safe and effective method for early responders and remediation teams to perform …
The Effect Of Ammonia On The Germination And Outgrowth Of Bacillius Globigii, Joseph B. Kunicki
The Effect Of Ammonia On The Germination And Outgrowth Of Bacillius Globigii, Joseph B. Kunicki
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the germination and outgrowth of Bacillus globigii in the presence of ammonia in laboratory scale experiments. Germination was measured by monitoring the release of dipicolinic acid, an organic compound present in bacterial spores, while outgrowth was measured using phase-bright microscopy and semi-automated counting procedures. The ammonia-N concentrations investigated generally did not cause statistically significant differences in the initial 1-hr germination rates or the average 3-hr outgrowth rates of Bacillus globigii spores in batch style experiments. The average 1-hr germination rates observed in the absence of ammonia-N was 0.0258 hr-1 for the water and buffer controls and …
Occupational Noise Dose Reduction Via Behavior Modification Using In-Ear Dosimetry Among Usaf Personnel Exposed To Continuous Impulse Noise, Jesse A. Trawick
Occupational Noise Dose Reduction Via Behavior Modification Using In-Ear Dosimetry Among Usaf Personnel Exposed To Continuous Impulse Noise, Jesse A. Trawick
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of in-ear noise dosimetry and worker feedback to reduce noise exposures among combat arms instructors and heavy equipment operators in the Air Force. Specifically, this thesis sought to determine how effectively hearing protection devices (HPDs) are being utilized currently, and whether providing at-ear noise exposure data to workers results in reduced noise exposures or changes in worker attitude. These questions were addressed by performing a six-month field study using dosimeters to record worker noise exposures under HPDs. Subjects served as their own control, receiving feedback in only the latter half …
Characterization Of Jet Fuel Combustion Emissions During A C-130 Aeromedical Evacuation Engines Running Onload, Michelle L. Page
Characterization Of Jet Fuel Combustion Emissions During A C-130 Aeromedical Evacuation Engines Running Onload, Michelle L. Page
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to characterize jet fuel combustion emissions (JFCE) in an occupational setting. Prior research demonstrated that aircraft emit hazardous species, especially at engine start-up and ground idle. Complaints of eye, nose, and throat irritation from occupational exposures near aircraft exist. In this study JFCE were tested during an aeromedical evacuation engines running patient onload (ERO) on a C-130 Hercules at the 179th Airlift Wing, Mansfield-Lahm Air National Guard. Ultrafine particles, VOC, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfuric acid, and metals were sampled simultaneously in approximate crew and patient breathing zones. Testing methods were portable condensation …
Optimal Configurations For Aerosol Monitoring With Multi-Rotor Small Unmanned Aerial Systems, Inna D. Chavez
Optimal Configurations For Aerosol Monitoring With Multi-Rotor Small Unmanned Aerial Systems, Inna D. Chavez
Theses and Dissertations
Applicability of aerosol sampling on multi-rotor unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platform was investigated. Multi-rotor UAS have impacts of wind speed, turbulence, and orientation possibly contributing to sampling bias. The SKC IMPACT sampler, Tecora C.A.Th.I.A., and modified three-dimensionally printed Universal Inlet for Airborne-Particle Size-Selective Sampling were selected based on particle size-selectivity and operational independence to wind. Airflow visualizations concluded that below UAS fuselage was optimal sampler placement. Tests were conducted with Arizona Road Dust in a still-air chamber, and aerosolized sugar in a wind tunnel. Inlet mounting was evaluated in, upright, upside-down, and horizontal orientations. Horizontal orientations of all inlets resulted …
Examining Regionalization Efforts To Develop Lessons Learned And Consideration For Department Of Defense Medical Facilities, Erik B. Schuh
Examining Regionalization Efforts To Develop Lessons Learned And Consideration For Department Of Defense Medical Facilities, Erik B. Schuh
Theses and Dissertations
The increase in competition locally and globally has forced companies to become more efficient. One way for companies to gain efficiency is by regionalizing their facilities by either consolidating or collocating to a particular location. A comprehensive literature review addressed the advantages and disadvantages organizations have used in the past when regionalizing. This insight was used on a case study looking at military hospitals in the National Capital Region. The case study was used to find potential cost savings for three surgical procedures by consolidating each procedure to the lowest cost hospital. Future years were then forecasted to find cost …
Using Artificial Neural Networks To Predict Disease Associations For Chemicals Present In Burn Pit Emissions, Amanda R. Taylor
Using Artificial Neural Networks To Predict Disease Associations For Chemicals Present In Burn Pit Emissions, Amanda R. Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
In June of 2015, 27,378 of the 28,000 returning Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) veterans report being exposed to burn pits. According to Barth et al. (2014), 9,660 returning OIF/OEF veterans were diagnosed with respiratory diseases, to include asthma, bronchitis, and sinusitis, thus strengthening the need to develop decision support tools that can be used to understand the relationships between chemical exposure and disease. In this study an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to predict the chemical-disease associations for burn pit constituents. Ten burn pit constituents were tested using varying hidden layers, similar chemical structure relationships, and three …
Neck Injury Criteria Development For Use In System Level Ejection Testing; Characterization Of Atd To Human Response Correlation Under -Gx Accelerative Input, Craig M. Zinck
Theses and Dissertations
The use of Helmet Mounted Displays is ubiquitous in the field of aviation, adding operational capability, increasing head-supported weight and potential neck injury risk. Developing neck injury criteria to evaluate and quantify neck injury is important to ensure ejection systems are produced within acceptable standards. An ATD to human transfer function is developed that quantifies the difference between ATD and human neck response from -Gx accelerative tests, and demonstrates how this function can be applied to ATD test data to make previously developed human risk functions directly applicable to interpreting ATD data with a human based neck injury criterion. A …
Eeg-Based Classification And Advanced Warning Of Epileptic Seizures, Lauren E. Clisby
Eeg-Based Classification And Advanced Warning Of Epileptic Seizures, Lauren E. Clisby
Theses and Dissertations
Epilepsy is the second most common neurological disease after stroke. Epileptics may suffer hundreds of seizures per day, yet one is enough to put a person in constant fear of the next. The sudden and unexpected onset of seizures has debilitating and sometimes fatal consequences. The development of a real-time seizure prediction and alerting device would greatly improve epileptics’ quality of life. Major challenges for such a device include determining predictive features and discovering the maximum prediction window. Using the novel approach of random forest classification on EEG data, this research investigates the predictive features among the common EEG frequency …
Evidence For The Inhibition Of Dengue Virus Binding In The Presence Of Silver Nanoparticles, Kelley J. Williams
Evidence For The Inhibition Of Dengue Virus Binding In The Presence Of Silver Nanoparticles, Kelley J. Williams
Theses and Dissertations
Dengue is an emerging hemorrhagic fever virus and widely considered the most important arbovirus in the world. Dengue virus (DENV) is a positive-sense RNA virus that exists in 4, potentially 5, antigenic serotypes. Currently, no vaccines or treatments are approved for DENV infections. Unsuccessful vaccine trials open the door for non-traditional treatments such as silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are known to inhibit viral replication of numerous viruses but have never before been tested for inhibition of dengue virus type 2 (DENV2, ATCC® VR-1584TM). For the first time, this research presents up to a 96% reduction in DENV2 …
Field Evaluation Of Solvent-Free Sampling With Di-N-Butylamine For The Determination Of Airborne Monomeric And Oligomeric 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate, Tiffany R. Heline
Field Evaluation Of Solvent-Free Sampling With Di-N-Butylamine For The Determination Of Airborne Monomeric And Oligomeric 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate, Tiffany R. Heline
Theses and Dissertations
During this study, a field evaluation of a new sampling method using di-n-butylamine for the determination of airborne monomeric and oligomeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was performed. The Supelco ASSET EZ4-NCO Dry Sampler was compared to the Omega Specialty Instrument Co. ISO-CHEK sampler. Three specific questions were addressed: 1) can HDI oligomers be quantified using HPLC-MS; 2) do ASSET and ISO-CHEK samplers collect equivalent HDI monomer & oligomer concentrations; and 3) what is the relative cost of ASSET samplers verse ISO-CHEK. Side-by-side HDI air sampling was conducted during polyurethane spray painting operations. ASSET samplers were analyzed by HPLC-MS for HDI monomer …
Health Risk Assessments Of Waste Combustion Emissions Using Surrogate Analyte Models, Michael A . Schmidt
Health Risk Assessments Of Waste Combustion Emissions Using Surrogate Analyte Models, Michael A . Schmidt
Theses and Dissertations
Exposure assessments of open burn pits are often complicated by a lack of sampling equipment and resources. This research investigated the hypothesis of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a viable surrogate for particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Large-scale solid waste combustion tests resulted in linear trends between mean PM2.5 and CO2 (R2 = 0.964 - 0.989). This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using CO2 as a surrogate of PM2.5 concentration as CO2 sensors potentially provide a cost-effective solution for monitoring in lieu of expensive PM instruments. It also indicates the potential reduction …
Spectral Detection Of Acute Mental Stress With Vis-Swir Hyperspectral Imagery, Elizabeth K. Norvell
Spectral Detection Of Acute Mental Stress With Vis-Swir Hyperspectral Imagery, Elizabeth K. Norvell
Theses and Dissertations
The ability to identify a stressed person is becoming an important aspect across different work environments. Especially in higher-stress career fields, such as first responders and air traffic controllers, mental stress can inhibit a person's ability to accomplish their job. A person's efficiency and psychological state in the work environment can be impeded due to poor mental health. Stress can result in harmful effects on the body, both physically and mentally, including depression, lack of sleep, and fatigue, which can lead to reduced work productivity. Research is being conducted to detect stress in workload-intensive environments. This thesis implements an imaging …
Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery Care: Demand Forecasting, Staffing, And Treatment Planning, Mitchell R. Kieffer
Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery Care: Demand Forecasting, Staffing, And Treatment Planning, Mitchell R. Kieffer
Theses and Dissertations
Improvised Explosive Device attacks have skyrocketed since the start of the War on Terror. Many troops wounded by these tactics receive long-lasting unseen wounds including Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). TBI sufferers are treated along with other casualties. This has created an increasing, and varying, demand for ongoing post operative recovery care for troops returning from deployments. Diagnosis and treatment for TBI wounded troops is costly. This thesis is motivated by the recognition that budgets are constrained yet quality of care should not be compromised. Additive Holtz-Winters smoothing is used to forecast overall patient care demand, a regression based on queueing …