Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Factors Associated With Postpartum Depression Among Women Attending Postnatal Clinics In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Nairobi, Kenya, Cecilia Muthoni Njoga

Master of Medicine in Family Medicine

Background 

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major mental health disorder affecting women during the postpartum period with a global prevalence of up to 17.22%. This prevalence has been shown to be higher in low and middle-income countries. In Kenya, about a fifth of women are affected. PPD can lead to poor infant growth and interference with maternal-child bonding. Additionally, women with PPD experience a lower quality of life and their children have an increased risk of developing and psychotic disorders later in life. Understanding the factors associated with PPD is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention. The study aimed to …

Factors Informing Referral Of Adult Patients To Palliative Care Services In A Tertiary Facility In Kenya: Physicians' Perspective, Donnah A. Opiyo

Master of Medicine in Family Medicine

Background The growing burden of chronic diseases underscores the urgent need for palliative care integration into healthcare systems worldwide. Despite its benefits, palliative care remains underutilized due to various barriers, including health system limitations, institutional challenges, infrastructure gaps, and individual provider factors. However, limited research has explored the specific factors influencing physicians' decisions to refer patients to palliative care. This study sought to fill that gap by examining the key determinants shaping referral practices in a tertiary facility in Kenya.

Design and Methods This exploratory qualitative study examined 22 physician specialists from five departments at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. …

Incidence Of Peripheral Intravenous Cannula Complications And Associated Factors Among Paediatric Patients At A Tertiary-Care Referral Hospital, Vanessa Minsari Ogega

Master of Medicine in Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are widely used in clinical practice and are a major source of procedure-related pain in children. Their use is associated with complications including occlusion, dislodgement, infiltration, extravasation, phlebitis, and, rarely, bloodstream infections.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and risk factors associated with PIVC complications among paediatric patients aged 1 day to 18 years at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. The study also assessed the average survival time of PIVCs.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 320 PIVCs among 192 children admitted between August and October 2024. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical characteristics, …

Kenyan Dietitians’ Knowledge Of Ketogenic Dietary Therapies For Drug-Resistant Epilepsy, Pauline Samia, Violet Naanyu, Perry Ndila, Helen Cross, Richard Idro, Paul Boon, Jo Wilmshurst, Stanley Luchters

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Ketogenic dietary therapy (KDT) has been proven to be efficacious for people with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, it is rarely utilized in low-resource settings. Due to the complexity of implementation, dietitians play a crucial role in managing KDT.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 253 out of the 1,000 registered dietitians. We assessed their knowledge of and interest in further training in KDT.

Results: Most participants were female (78%), with a median age of 33 years (IQR=28–38). A total of 171 (67.6%) reported knowledge of KDT. However, only 13 respondents (7.6%) answered all five knowledge-specific questions correctly. A …

Navigating Childhood Asthma Care In Kenya: Barriers Identified By Children And Their Caregivers, Joan Ahimbisibwe, Roselyter Riang’A, Angela Migowa, Samuel Otido

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions in children, with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. Achieving adequate asthma control in children remains challenging because of gaps between standard recommended management strategies and actual treatment practices. This study explored barriers to asthma management as perceived by children and their caregivers in a private tertiary care setting in Kenya.

Methods: An exploratory phenomenological qualitative study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Nairobi. Children aged 6–18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma and their caregivers were recruited. The participants had been receiving treatment for at …

Exploring Ict Adoption In Teaching And Learning Of Science: A Case Of Senior Teachers In Kenya, David Odhiambo, Winston Edward Massam, Fredrick Mtenzi

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

This study was conducted in Homa Bay Sub County, Kenya to explore the adoption of ICT among senior teachers, aged between 45-60 years, in teaching and learning of science. A qualitative research approach using a case study design was employed. Eight secondary school senior teachers of science, 2 females and 6 males, within Homa Bay Sub County were purposefully selected. Semi structured interviews were conducted one-on-one basis followed by classroom observation and document analysis. Analysis of the data revealed that senior teachers of science generally integrate ICTs in planning, assessment and in classroom teaching; however pedagogical preferences and teacher’s workload …

Exploring Available Admission Criteria For A Bachelor Of Science In Nursing/Midwifery: A Scoping Review, Jackline Estomihi Kiwelu, Aminieli Usiri, Gadiel Ketto, Tumbwene Mwansisya, Eunice Pallangyo

Libraries

Background: Nursing and midwifery are crucial professions in healthcare systems, and the availability of well-trained professionals in these fields contributes to achieving global and national health goals. The process of equipping nurses and midwives with professional knowledge and skills starts with selecting candidates that are suitable for the profession, and able to complete nursing/midwifery education and become lifelong learners.

Objective: This study aimed to identify and document currently available admission criteria for a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Nursing/Midwifery.

Methods: This scoping review used Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework to explore admission criteria for BSc in Nursing/Midwifery …

Application Of Machine Learning In Early Childhood Development Research: A Scoping Review, Faith Benson, Daisy Chelangat, Willie Brink, Patrick Mwangala, Akbar Waljee, Cheryl Moyer, Amina Abubakar

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Background: Early childhood development (ECD) lays the foundation for lifelong health, academic success and social well-being, yet over 250 million children in low- and middle-income countries are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. Traditional measures fail to fully capture the risks associated with a child’s development outcomes. Artificial intelligence techniques, particularly machine learning (ML), offer an innovative approach by analysing complex datasets to detect subtle developmental patterns.

Objective: To map the existing literature on the use of ML in ECD research, including its geographical distribution, to identify research gaps and inform future directions. The review focuses on …

Social Cohesion, Trust, And Utilisation Of Maternal Health Services Among Refugee And Host Community Women In Bangladesh And Kenya, Haeun Lee, Ryan Rego, Neyat Fiseha, Ashok Barman, Nimo Sharif, Peninah Wachira, Joe Kolars, Akbar Waljee, Rubhana Raqib, Amina Abubakar

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

The global refugee crisis places significant pressure on host communities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Social cohesion and trust between refugee and host communities are critical for maternal health service utilisation. This study explores the relationship between host–refugee trust, social cohesion, and maternal health service use in Bangladesh and Kenya, focusing on facility-based delivery, antenatal care visits, and postnatal care attendance. To do so, a cross-sectional survey was administered among 649 refugee/displaced women and 371 host community women in the two locations. The results show high trust levels in both groups, while social cohesion is greater among refugee/displaced women. …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of The Stopbang Questionnaire Against Polysomnography For The Screening Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea In A Tertiary Hospital In Kenya., Sandra Obaje Maseno

Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea is a syndrome of upper airway and neuromuscular dysfunction during sleep that subsequently causes interruption of normal breathing. Polysomnography is the reference test for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea can be categorised as mild, moderate or severe based on an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) on polysomnography. The recommended treatment using Continuous Positive Airway Pressure lowers morbidity and mortality rates. The STOPBANG questionnaire has been used as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea due to its easy and concise approach. However, even with the increasing prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and its risk …

Perception And Experiences With Telemedicine Among Caregivers Of Children Requiring Outpatient Chronic Care, Maureen Wambui Kigara

Master of Medicine in Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction Telemedicine is an expanding healthcare modality with potential to enhance access to paediatric specialist care, reduce healthcare costs, and minimize school and work disruptions. However, little is known about caregiver perceptions and experiences with telemedicine in low- and middle-income countries, especially in the context of chronic paediatric care.

Objectives This study explored how caregivers of children with chronic health conditions perceive and experience telemedicine, and what factors influence its adoption. The findings aim to inform the design of patient-centered paediatric telemedicine services.

Methodology A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted at the Paediatric Specialist Clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital. …

Simulating The Blood Transfusion System In Kenya: Modelling Methods And Exploratory Analyses, Yiqi Tian, Bo Zeng, Jana Macleod, Gatwiri Murithi, Cindy Makanga, Hillary Barmasai, Linda Barnes, Rahul Bidanda, Tecla Chelagat, Carolyne Njoki

Anaesthesiology, East Africa

The process of collecting blood from donors and making it available for transfusion requires a complex series of operations involving multiple actors and different resources at each step. Ensuring hospitals receive adequate and safe blood for transfusion is a common challenge across low- and middle-income countries, but is rarely addressed from a system level. This paper presents the first use of discrete event simulation to study the blood system in Kenya and to explore the effect of variations and perturbations at different steps of the system on meeting blood demand at patient level. A process map of the Kenyan blood …

2024 Eacts/Eactaic Guidelines On Patient Blood Management In Adult Cardiac Surgery In Collaboration With Ebcp, Filip Casselman, Marcus Lance, Aamer Ahmed, Alice Ascari, Juan Blanco-Morillo, Daniel Bolliger, Maroua Eid, Gabor Erdoes, Renard Haumann, Anders Jeppsson

Anaesthesiology, East Africa

No abstract provided.

Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Cerebral Microhemorrhages And Superficial Siderosis In Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults: Analysis From The Chariot-Pro Substudy, Sujin Kang, Dimitra Kafetsouli, Jamie Ford, Janice Wong, Luc Bracoud, Joyce Suhy, Parthenia Giannakopoulou, Chinedu Momoh, Tom Russ, Craig Ritchie

Brain and Mind Institute

Introduction: Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) and superficial siderosis (SS) are relatively common side effects of anti-amyloid immunotherapies, termed amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA-H). They are also observed in treatment-naïve older adults. This study explored relationships with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1414 cognitively unimpaired, treatment-naïve individuals aged 60 to 85 years from the Cognitive Health in Ageing Register: Investigational, Observational and Trial Studies in Dementia Research (CHARIOT): Prospective Readiness cOhort (PRO) SubStudy. Relationships between CMHs/SS and cardiovascular risk factors, amyloid beta (Aβ) load, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status, educational attainment, and white matter hyperintensities were …

Evaluation Of The Psychometric Properties Of The Social Communication Questionnaire In Rural Kenya, Patricia Kipkemoi, Jeanne Savage, Joseph Gona, Kenneth Rimba, Martha Kombe, Paul Mwangi, Collins Kipkoech, Danielle Posthuma, Charles Newton, Amina Abubakar

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Children can be reliably diagnosed with autism as early as 3 years of age, and early interventions are initiated. There is often a significant gap between the age of onset of symptoms (2–3 years) and diagnosis (8–10 years) in Africa. We conducted a study to validate the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) as a screening instrument in a rural setting in Kenya. The study was conducted along the Kenyan Coast. Study participants included 172 children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) diagnosis (84 of which were autism) and 112 controls. Internal consistency was evaluated through the use of Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor …

Outcomes And Microbiological Patterns Of Bacteremia In Chemotherapy-Related Febrile Neutropenia At A Tertiary Facility In Kenya, Abhijit Ghose, Jasmit Shah, Anne Mwirigi, Charles Makasa, Felix Riunga

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Introduction: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with malignancy post-chmotherapy. Current guidelines for managing FN recommend starting empiric antibiotic therapy (EAT) promptly. The choice of antibiotic is based on the patient’s condition, local data on common microorganisms isolated, and their resistance patterns. Of note, there is a growing trend of isolating multi-drug–resistant gram-negative bacteria in these patients. In sub-Saharan Africa, there are insufficient data on the mortality rates of FN. There is also a lack of local epidemiologic data on the frequently isolated microorganisms and their antibiotic resistance patterns. This makes it challenging …

The Associations Of Childhood Adversities And Mental Disorders With Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors - Results From The World Mental Health International College Student Initiative, Philippe Mortier, Xue Yang, Yasmin Altwaijri, Jacob Holdcraft, Nancy Sampson, Yesica Albor, Ahmad Alhadi, Jordi Alonso, Nouf Al-Saud, Lukoye Atwoli

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Objective: To investigate the associations of demographic variables, childhood adversities (CAs), and mental disorders (MDx) with onset, transition, and persistence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) among first-year university students.

Method: Poisson regression models within a discrete-time survival framework were constructed using web-based self-report survey data from 72,288 incoming university students across 18 countries (response rate=20.9%; median age=19 years, 57.9% female, 1.4% transgender, 21.0% non-heterosexual). These models examined the associations of four demographic variables, five CAs, and eight MDx with STB outcomes.

Results: Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts was 47.0%, 26.0%, and 9.6%, respectively; 12-month estimates were …

Contextualization Of Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (Hcap) In An Aging Population In Rural Low-Resource Settings In Africa: Experiences And Strategies Adopted To Optimize Effective Adaption Of Cognitive Tests In Kenya, Roselyter Riang’A, Eunice Muthoni, Niranjani Nagarajan, Felix Agoi, Patrick Mwangala, Alden Gross, Jean Ikanga, Kenneth Langa, Edward Miguel, Anthony Ngugi

Population Health, East Africa

Cross-cultural adaptation of cognitive assessments is crucial for detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) in aging populations. This study documents the adaptation of the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) for a pilot study on the Longitudinal Study of Health and Aging in Kenya (LOSHAK) in rural Kilifi County, Kenya, highlighting challenges and strategies for optimizing outcomes. As part of the LOSHAK feasibility phase, cognitive tests including: the Swahili Mental State Examination, 10-word recall, animal naming, story recall, clock drawing, and making change, were administered to 202 participants (≥45 years) from the Kaloleni/Rabai Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KRHDSS). …

Midlife Cognitive Testing In Africa: Validity Of The Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol In The Kenya Life Panel Survey, Alden Gross, Madeline Duhon, Eric Ochieng, Jean Ikanga, William Dow, Jinkook Lee, Michael Walker, Michelle Layvant, Anthony Ngugi, Joshua Ehrlich

Population Health, East Africa

Objectives: Cohort studies of ageing and cognitive decline typically do not begin fielding comprehensive cognitive assessments until older adulthood. However, for identifying preventable dementia risk factors, there is strong value in beginning at earlier ages. The case is especially compelling in sub-Saharan Africa, where the number of older individuals is expected to triple in the next three decades, and where risk factors may operate more intensively at earlier ages. This study reports on the adaptation and validity of the Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) approach in the Kenya Life Panel Survey (KLPS), collected among middle-aged respondents.

Design: To evaluate the …

Bridging The Capacity Building Gap For Antimicrobial Stewardship Implementation: Evidence From Virtual Communities Of Practice In Kenya, Ghana, And Malawi, Ana De Lima, Kwame Buabeng, Mavis Sakyi, Hope Chadwala, Nicole Devereaux, Collins Mitambo, Christine Mugo-Sitati, Jennifer Njuhigu, Gunturu Revathi, Emmanuel Tanui

Pathology, East Africa

Background/Objectives: Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs is an invaluable intervention in the ongoing efforts to contain the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in low-resource settings. This study evaluates the impact of the Telementoring, Education, and Advocacy Collaboration initiative for Health through Antimicrobial Stewardship (TEACH AMS), which uses the virtual Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) learning model to enhance AMS capacity in Kenya, Ghana, and Malawi. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used, which included attendance data collection, facility-level assessments, post-session and follow-up surveys, as well as focus group discussions. Results: Between September 2023 and February 2025, 77 virtual learning …

Europe–Africa Collaboration: Working Together To Strengthen Health Research, Implementation, And Equitable Systems, Lara Pandya, Irene Norstedt, Martin Seychell, Emer Cooke, Isabel Barranco, Niklas Blomberg, Marleen Temmerman, Michael Makanga

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

No abstract provided.

From Diagnosis To Conception: Managing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Related Subfertility With A Multimodal Strategy: A Case Study, Uzma Akhtar, Shafiq Ur Rahman, Rafat Jan, Sumaira Naz

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility, primarily due to anovulation caused by hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and disrupted ovarian function. This paper describes a 28-year-old woman with PCOS who presented with subfertility after failing to conceive for 10 months. Initial treatment involved Metformin for insulin resistance, vitamin D, folic acid, and Dydrogesterone for cycle regulation. Ovulation induction with Letrozole was initiated but showed a suboptimal response in three cycles. Success was achieved in the fourth cycle by combining Letrozole with injectable Menotropins (HMG), leading to improved follicular growth, endometrial thickness, and successful conception. This case highlights …

Post-Natal Mother’S Perception Of Health Care Workers’ Attitude In Calabar Municipality, Nigeria: A Study In Maternity Care, Inyang E. Eko, Ngozi P. Ogbonnaya, Peace C. Alichie, Stehanie C. Osuorah, Ezioma Lordson

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

This study explores post-natal mothers’ perceptions of health care workers’ attitudes in Calabar Municipality, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted in which the target population of the study involves all post-natal mothers in Calabar Municipality, which amounts to 57229 women and 440 mothers. These women and mothers were selected from the accessible population which included women carefully chosen from three public health facilities - the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), the General Hospital of Calabar (GHC), and a primary health center in Big Qua using multistage stage sampling techniques. Data were collected using a …

What Is Midwifery Work In Low And Middle-Income Countries? A Systematic Review To Enhance Midwifery Practices In Resource-Constrained Contexts, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Ela Nurfitriyani, S. Tr. Keb, Niken Bayu Argaheni, Rufidah Maulina, Victor Abiola Adepoju, Maeve O’Connell

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background: Midwifery plays a crucial role in enhancing maternal and newborn health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive and evidence-based evaluation of midwifery practice in LMIC, beyond specific outcomes and interventions.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Embassy, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL, covering the period from 2019 to 2023. The search strategy employed predefined keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to midwives, maternal health, newborn health, and LMIC. The findings were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach to identify key …

Economic Evaluation Of Caregiver Interventions For Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review, Angela Kairu, Edwin Dzoro, Vibian Angweny, Charles Newton, Charlotte Hanlon, Rosa Hoekstra, Amina Abubakar, Edwine Barasa

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Globally, families with children with developmental disabilities (DDs) experience challenges, including social isolation, stigma, and poverty, especially in low-income settings in Africa. Most children with DDs in Africa remain unidentified and receive no formal support. Caregiver interventions focusing on education and training for the carers/parents have been shown to be adaptable and low intensity in implementation, although the economic evidence is limited. This review aimed to describe the evidence and methodological aspects of economic evaluations for caregiver interventions for DDs. The Arksey and O’Malley framework was applied. Seven electronic databases, grey literature and cited references were systematically searched to identify …

A Child With Severe Pneumonia Cannot Feed, Causing Malnutrition: Exploring Health Worker And Caregiver Perspectives And Practices For Mitigating Malnutrition Among Children With Severe Pneumonia, A Case Of Uganda, Damalie Nalwanga, Robert Opoka, Andrew Sentoogo Ssemata, Lawrence Kakooza, Andrew Kiggwe, Victor Musiime, Sarah Kiguli

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Severe pneumonia remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Severe pneumonia causes death during hospitalization, and survivors are prone to malnutrition after discharge from the hospital. The World Health Organization and United Nations International Children’s Fund recommend ‘continued’ feeding following a severe pneumonia illness without specific recommendations on nutritional support. This recommendation could influence health workers’ and caregivers’ nutritional practices. This study aimed to explore the perspectives and practices of health workers and caregivers for mitigating malnutrition among children with severe pneumonia.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study between June and November 2021 among …

Investment In Family Medicine To Improve Health Outcomes In Sub-Saharan Africa, Sunanda C. Ray, Mpundu Makasa, Innocent Besigye, Jacob Shabani, Martha Makwero

Family Medicine, East Africa

Family physicians (FPs), as educators, capacity builders and clinical governance leaders of primary care (PC) teams, work to make them more effective and responsive to the needs of their patients. Various strategies are required to raise the profile of Family Medicine (FM) to ensure stronger representation in health sector planning and policy development for advocacy on behalf of the communities they serve. An illustration is given of the need for FP leaders to become equal partners in the National Surgical, Obstetric and Anaesthesia Planning process to ensure safer surgery at district hospitals and to address unmet surgical needs. Integrating FM …

Sociodemographic Influences On Substance Use In Psychosis In An African Cohort, Megan L. Campbell, Raymond Odokonyero, Dickens Akena, Melkam Alemayehu, Lukoye Atwoli, Lori B. Chibnik, Bizu Gelaye, Stella Gichuru, Symon M. Kariuki, Karestan C. Koenen

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Substance use is common among individuals with psychotic disorders, but limited research exists on the variations in substance use across countries in Africa. This study aims to investigate the frequency of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and khat consumption in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) across four African countries: South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda.

Methods: We utilized data from the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations-Psychosis project, a large case-control study which will soon have genetic data on over 42,000 participants, half with psychosis. Information on substance use was collected using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening …

Common Sources, Perceived Communication Efficacy And Sufficiency Of Cervical Cancer Information, Education And Communication Materials For Women With Hiv/Aids In Rural Kenya, Scholastic Musakali Adeli, Elkanah Orang'o, Violet Naanyu, Ann Mwangi, Peter Itsura, Barry Rosen, Patrick Loehrer

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the greatest cause of cancer-related death among women in Sub-Saharan Africa, with particularly high incidence and mortality rates in rural regions. In Kenya, Women with HIV/AIDS (WLHA) are at a greater risk of developing cervical cancer though screening rate remains low. Information, education and communication (IEC) materials play a crucial role in raising awareness, promoting screening, and supporting early detection and treatment; however, little is known about the accessibility, content, and perceived effectiveness of these materials from the perspective of WLHA.

Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the common sources, perceived communication efficacy …

Assessing The Risk Of Adverse Obstetric Outcomes And Determinants Among Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus At Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Justus Wambugu

Master of Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is recognized as a major concern in obstetric care. It is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes including the risk of cesarean delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, obstetric hemorrhage, induction of labour, large for gestational age fetus, preterm delivery, and admission to neonatal critical care units. However, there is limited evidence on the magnitude of risk conferred by GDM for various adverse pregnancy outcomes

Objectives: The primary objective of our study was to assess the relative risk for adverse obstetric outcomes associated with GDM in women diagnosed using the WHO-recommended 75g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), compared to …