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Articles 2731 - 2760 of 9507
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Typhoid And Paratyphoid Cost Of Illness In Pakistan: Patient And Health Facility Costs From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project Ii, Nelly Mejia, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Jamal Raza, Denise O. Garrett, Kashmira Date, Taiwo Abimbola, Sarah W. Pallas
Typhoid And Paratyphoid Cost Of Illness In Pakistan: Patient And Health Facility Costs From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project Ii, Nelly Mejia, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Jamal Raza, Denise O. Garrett, Kashmira Date, Taiwo Abimbola, Sarah W. Pallas
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of illness from enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) at selected sites in Pakistan.
Methods: We implemented a cost-of-illness study in 4 hospitals as part of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) II in Pakistan. From the patient and caregiver perspective, we collected direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs per case of enteric fever incurred since illness onset by phone after enrollment and 6 weeks later. From the health care provider perspective, we collected data on quantities and prices of resources used at 3 of the hospitals, …
Multiomics Characterization Of Preterm Birth In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Fyezah Jehan, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Muhammad Ilyas, Usma Mehmood, Aneeta Hotwani, Ambreen Nizar, Sajid Muhammad, Waqasuddin Khan, Javairia Khalid, Furqan Kabir
Multiomics Characterization Of Preterm Birth In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Fyezah Jehan, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Muhammad Ilyas, Usma Mehmood, Aneeta Hotwani, Ambreen Nizar, Sajid Muhammad, Waqasuddin Khan, Javairia Khalid, Furqan Kabir
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Importance: Worldwide, preterm birth (PTB) is the single largest cause of deaths in the perinatal and neonatal period and is associated with increased morbidity in young children. The cause of PTB is multifactorial, and the development of generalizable biological models may enable early detection and guide therapeutic studies.
Objective: To investigate the ability of transcriptomics and proteomics profiling of plasma and metabolomics analysis of urine to identify early biological measurements associated with PTB.
Design, setting, and participants: This diagnostic/prognostic study analyzed plasma and urine samples collected from May 2014 to June 2017 from pregnant women in 5 biorepository cohorts in …
Burden Of Culture Confirmed Enteric Fever Cases In Karachi, Pakistan: Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap), 2016-2019, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Seema Irfan, Rozina Thobani, Abdul Momin Kazi, Aneeta Hotwani, Ashraf M. Memon, Khalid Iqbal, Saqib Hamid Qazi, Nasir S. Saddal, Najeeb Rehman, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Mohammed J. Hunzai, Junaid Mehmood, Farah Naz Qamar
Burden Of Culture Confirmed Enteric Fever Cases In Karachi, Pakistan: Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap), 2016-2019, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Seema Irfan, Rozina Thobani, Abdul Momin Kazi, Aneeta Hotwani, Ashraf M. Memon, Khalid Iqbal, Saqib Hamid Qazi, Nasir S. Saddal, Najeeb Rehman, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Mohammed J. Hunzai, Junaid Mehmood, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) is a multicenter, multicountry study conducted in Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. The objectives of the study were to characterize disease incidence among patients with enteric fever. We report the burden of enteric fever at selected sites of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: During September 2016 to September 2019, prospective surveillance was conducted at inpatient, outpatient, surgical departments, and laboratory networks of Aga Khan University Hospital, Kharadar General Hospital, and surgery units of National Institute of Child Health and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from all suspected …
Spatial Heterogeneity Of Enteric Fever In 2 Diverse Communities In Nepal, Dipesh Tamrakar, Krista Vaidya, Alexander T. Yu, Kristen Aiemjo, Shiva Ram Naga, Yanjia Cao, Caryn Bern, Rajeev Shrestha, Biraj M. Karmacharya, Farah Naz Qamar
Spatial Heterogeneity Of Enteric Fever In 2 Diverse Communities In Nepal, Dipesh Tamrakar, Krista Vaidya, Alexander T. Yu, Kristen Aiemjo, Shiva Ram Naga, Yanjia Cao, Caryn Bern, Rajeev Shrestha, Biraj M. Karmacharya, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in the urban Kathmandu Valley of Nepal; however, there have been no population-based studies of typhoid outside of this community in the past 3 decades. Whether typhoid immunization should be prioritized in periurban and rural communities has been unclear.
Methods: We performed population-based surveillance for enteric fever in 1 urban catchment (Kathmandu) and 1 periurban and rural catchment (Kavrepalanchok) as part of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP). We recruited individuals presenting to outpatient and emergency departments at 2 study hospitals with suspected enteric fever and performed blood cultures. Additionally, we conducted …
Utilization Of Blood Culture In South Asia For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Febrile Illness, Caitlin Hemlock, Stephen P. Luby, Shampa Saha, Farah Naz Qamar, Jason R. Andrews, Samir K. Saha, Dipesh Tamrakar, Kashmira Date, Ashley T. Longley, Denise O. Garrett, Isaac I. Bogoch
Utilization Of Blood Culture In South Asia For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Febrile Illness, Caitlin Hemlock, Stephen P. Luby, Shampa Saha, Farah Naz Qamar, Jason R. Andrews, Samir K. Saha, Dipesh Tamrakar, Kashmira Date, Ashley T. Longley, Denise O. Garrett, Isaac I. Bogoch
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Blood culture is the current standard for diagnosing bacteremic illnesses, yet it is not clear how physicians in many low- and middle-income countries utilize blood culture for diagnostic purposes and to inform treatment decisions.
Methods: We screened suspected enteric fever cases from 6 hospitals in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan, and enrolled patients if blood culture was prescribed by the treating physician. We used generalized additive regression models to analyze the probability of receiving blood culture by age, and linear regression models to analyze changes by month to the proportion of febrile cases prescribed a blood culture compared with the …
Illness Severity And Outcomes Among Enteric Fever Cases From Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan: Data From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, 2016-2019, Ashley T. Longley, Caitlin Hemlock, Kashmira Date, Stephen P. Luby, Jason R. Andrews, Samir K. Saha, Isaac I. Bogoch, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Denise O. Garrett, Farah Naz Qamar
Illness Severity And Outcomes Among Enteric Fever Cases From Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan: Data From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, 2016-2019, Ashley T. Longley, Caitlin Hemlock, Kashmira Date, Stephen P. Luby, Jason R. Andrews, Samir K. Saha, Isaac I. Bogoch, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Denise O. Garrett, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Enteric fever can lead to prolonged hospital stays, clinical complications, and death. The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), a prospective surveillance study, characterized the burden of enteric fever, including illness severity, in selected settings in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. We assessed disease severity, including hospitalization, clinical complications, and death among SEAP participants.
Methods: We analyzed clinical and laboratory data from blood culture-confirmed enteric fever cases enrolled in SEAP hospitals and associated network laboratories from September 2016 to September 2019. We used hospitalization and duration of hospital stay as proxies for severity. We conducted a follow-up interview …
Maternal Risk Factors And Short Term Outcome Of Prematurity: A Descriptive Study At A Secondary Care Hospital, Heeramani Lohana, Shakeel Ahmed, Nigar Jabeen, Farida Karim, Sarwat Urooj, Ayesha Ahmed
Maternal Risk Factors And Short Term Outcome Of Prematurity: A Descriptive Study At A Secondary Care Hospital, Heeramani Lohana, Shakeel Ahmed, Nigar Jabeen, Farida Karim, Sarwat Urooj, Ayesha Ahmed
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Approximately 15 million babies are born premature (before 37 weeks of gestation) and 1 million babies die due to prematurity complications every year. Less is known about risk factors of prematurity in middle and low-income countries. The prevalence of prematurity ranges from 5% - 18%.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of premature births and to assess the rate of survival, along with the morbidity, among preterm newborns. Furthermore, to document our experience with different gestational age groups of preterm births; and to analyze the association among these strata and their clinical outcomes.
Study Design: A descriptive study.
Place …
The Relationship Between Birth Intervals And Adverse Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes In Six Low And Lower-Middle Income Countries, Melissa Bauserman, Kayla Nowak, Tracy L. Nolen, Jackie Patterson, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tshefu, Archana B. Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Sarah Saleem, Saleem Jessani
The Relationship Between Birth Intervals And Adverse Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes In Six Low And Lower-Middle Income Countries, Melissa Bauserman, Kayla Nowak, Tracy L. Nolen, Jackie Patterson, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tshefu, Archana B. Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Sarah Saleem, Saleem Jessani
Community Health Sciences
Background: Due to high fertility rates in some low and lower-middle income countries, the interval between pregnancies can be short, which may lead to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Methods: We analyzed data from women enrolled in the NICHD Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) from 2013 through 2018. We report maternal characteristics and outcomes in relationship to the inter-delivery interval (IDI, time from previous delivery [live or stillborn] to the delivery of the index birth), by category of 6-17 months (short), 18-36 months (reference), 37-60 months, and 61-180 months (long). We used non-parametric tests for maternal characteristics, and …
Stillbirth 2010-2018: A Prospective, Population-Based, Multi-Country Study From The Global Network, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Sarah Saleem, Shivaprasad S. Gouda, Ana Garces, Ryan Whitworth, Fabian Esamai, Archana B. Patel, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Musaku Mwenechanya, Elwyn Chomba
Stillbirth 2010-2018: A Prospective, Population-Based, Multi-Country Study From The Global Network, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Sarah Saleem, Shivaprasad S. Gouda, Ana Garces, Ryan Whitworth, Fabian Esamai, Archana B. Patel, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Musaku Mwenechanya, Elwyn Chomba
Community Health Sciences
Background: Stillbirth rates are high and represent a substantial proportion of the under-5 mortality in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). In LMIC, where nearly 98% of stillbirths worldwide occur, few population-based studies have documented cause of stillbirths or the trends in rate of stillbirth over time.
Methods: We undertook a prospective, population-based multi-country research study of all pregnant women in defined geographic areas across 7 sites in low-resource settings (Kenya, Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Pakistan, and Guatemala). Staff collected demographic and health care characteristics with outcomes obtained at delivery. Cause of stillbirth was assigned by algorithm.
Results: From …
Neonatal Deaths In Infants Born Weighing ≥ 2500 G In Low And Middle-Income Countries, Sarah Saleem, Farnaz Naqvi, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Kayla J. Nowak, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Ana L. Garces, Patricia L. Hibberd, Janet L. Moore, Tracy L. Nolen, Sameen Siddiqi
Neonatal Deaths In Infants Born Weighing ≥ 2500 G In Low And Middle-Income Countries, Sarah Saleem, Farnaz Naqvi, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Kayla J. Nowak, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Ana L. Garces, Patricia L. Hibberd, Janet L. Moore, Tracy L. Nolen, Sameen Siddiqi
Community Health Sciences
Background: Babies born weighing ≥ 2500 g account for more than 80% of the births in most resource-limited locations and for nearly 50% of the 28-day neonatal deaths. In contrast, in high-resource settings, 28-day neonatal mortality among this group represents only a small fraction of the neonatal deaths. Yet mortality risks for birth weight of ≥ 2500 g is limited. Knowledge regarding the factors associated with mortality in these babies will help in identifying interventions that can reduce mortality.
Methods: The Global Network's Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) is a prospective, population-based observational study that includes all pregnant women and …
The Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry: A Multi-Country, Community-Based Registry Of Pregnancy Outcomes, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Ana L. Garces, Patricia L. Hibberd, Janet L. Moore, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sarah Saleem, Fabian Esamai, Archana Patel, Elwyn Chomba, Adrien Lokangaka
The Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry: A Multi-Country, Community-Based Registry Of Pregnancy Outcomes, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Ana L. Garces, Patricia L. Hibberd, Janet L. Moore, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sarah Saleem, Fabian Esamai, Archana Patel, Elwyn Chomba, Adrien Lokangaka
Community Health Sciences
Background: The Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research (Global Network) conducts clinical trials in resource-limited countries through partnerships among U.S. investigators, international investigators based in in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and a central data coordinating center. The Global Network's objectives include evaluating low-cost, sustainable interventions to improve women's and children's health in LMICs. Accurate reporting of births, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, maternal mortality, and measures of obstetric and neonatal care is critical to determine strategies for improving pregnancy outcomes. In response to this need, the Global Network developed the Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR), a prospective, population-based registry …
Hemoglobin Concentrations And Adverse Birth Outcomes In South Asian Pregnant Women: Findings From A Prospective Maternal And Neonatal Health Registry, Sumera Aziz Ali, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sarah Saleem, Archana B. Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sangappa Dhaded, Richard J. Derman, Janet L. Moore, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Robert L. Goldenberg
Hemoglobin Concentrations And Adverse Birth Outcomes In South Asian Pregnant Women: Findings From A Prospective Maternal And Neonatal Health Registry, Sumera Aziz Ali, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sarah Saleem, Archana B. Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sangappa Dhaded, Richard J. Derman, Janet L. Moore, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Robert L. Goldenberg
Community Health Sciences
Background: While the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and pregnancy outcomes has been studied often, most reports have focused on a specific Hb cutoff used to define anemia. Fewer studies have evaluated pregnancy outcomes across the entire range of Hb values. Moreover, to date, most studies of the relationship of Hb concentrations to pregnancy outcomes have been done in high-income countries. Thus, we have sought to determine the relationship between the range of maternal Hb concentrations and adverse birth outcomes among South Asian pregnant women.
Methods: For this study, we used data collected from two South Asian countries (Pakistan - …
Looking Beyond The Numbers: Quality Assurance Procedures In The Global Network For Women's And Children's Health Research Maternal Newborn Health Registry, Ana Garces, Emily Macguire, Holly L. Franklin, Norma Alfaro, Gustavo Arroyo, Lester Figueroa, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sarah Saleem, Fabian Esama, Archana Patel
Looking Beyond The Numbers: Quality Assurance Procedures In The Global Network For Women's And Children's Health Research Maternal Newborn Health Registry, Ana Garces, Emily Macguire, Holly L. Franklin, Norma Alfaro, Gustavo Arroyo, Lester Figueroa, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sarah Saleem, Fabian Esama, Archana Patel
Community Health Sciences
Background: Quality assurance (QA) is a process that should be an integral part of research to protect the rights and safety of study participants and to reduce the likelihood that the results are affected by bias in data collection. Most QA plans include processes related to study preparation and regulatory compliance, data collection, data analysis and publication of study results. However, little detailed information is available on the specific procedures associated with QA processes to ensure high-quality data in multi-site studies.
Methods: The Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Maternal Newborn Health Registy (MNHR) is a prospective population-based registry …
Evaluating The Effect Of Care Around Labor And Delivery Practices On Early Neonatal Mortality In The Global Network's Maternal And Newborn Health Registry, Archana B. Patel, Elizabeth M. Simmon, Sowmya R. Rao, Janet Moore, Tracy L. Nolen, Robert L. Goldenberg, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Manjunath S. Somannavar, Sarah Saleem, Farnaz Naqvi
Evaluating The Effect Of Care Around Labor And Delivery Practices On Early Neonatal Mortality In The Global Network's Maternal And Newborn Health Registry, Archana B. Patel, Elizabeth M. Simmon, Sowmya R. Rao, Janet Moore, Tracy L. Nolen, Robert L. Goldenberg, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Manjunath S. Somannavar, Sarah Saleem, Farnaz Naqvi
Community Health Sciences
Background: Neonatal deaths in first 28-days of life represent 47% of all deaths under the age of five years globally and are a focus of the United Nation's (UN's) Sustainable Development Goals. Pregnant women are delivering in facilities but that does not indicate quality of care during delivery and the postpartum period. The World Health Organization's Essential Newborn Care (ENC) package reduces neonatal mortality, but lacks a simple and valid composite index that measures its effectiveness.
Methods: Data on 5 intra-partum and 3 post-partum practices (indicators) recommended as part of ENC, routinely collected in NICHD's Global Network's (GN) Maternal Newborn …
Overview Of Antiretropulsion Devices For Prevention Of Inadvertent Stone Migration During Pneumatic Lithotripsy For Ureteric Stone, Ali Akbar Zehri, Miten Patel, Philip Adebayo, Authar Ali
Overview Of Antiretropulsion Devices For Prevention Of Inadvertent Stone Migration During Pneumatic Lithotripsy For Ureteric Stone, Ali Akbar Zehri, Miten Patel, Philip Adebayo, Authar Ali
Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa
The purpose of the present chapter is to provide an update about the use of preventive devices used to stop retrograde stone migration during pneumatic lithotripsy for ureteric stone management. The aim to reduce the cost, ancillary procedure, reduce the operative time and improve the stone free rate. The hunt for ideal cadget to stop retrograde stone migration is still continue in 21 century.
Reports From The Nichd Global Network's Maternal And Newborn Health Registry: Supplement Introduction, Robert L. Goldenberg, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sarah Saleem, Patricia L. Hibberd, Jorge E. Tolosa, Marion Koso-Thomas, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Global Network Investigators
Reports From The Nichd Global Network's Maternal And Newborn Health Registry: Supplement Introduction, Robert L. Goldenberg, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sarah Saleem, Patricia L. Hibberd, Jorge E. Tolosa, Marion Koso-Thomas, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Global Network Investigators
Community Health Sciences
No abstract provided.
Perceptions, Knowledge And Attitudes Towards The Concept And Approach Of Palliative Care Amongst Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Survey In Karachi, Pakistan, Sameera Shah, Faizan Qaisar, Iqbal Azam Syed, Khairunnisa Mansoor
Perceptions, Knowledge And Attitudes Towards The Concept And Approach Of Palliative Care Amongst Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Survey In Karachi, Pakistan, Sameera Shah, Faizan Qaisar, Iqbal Azam Syed, Khairunnisa Mansoor
Department of Family Medicine
Background: Limited comprehension of the concept of palliative care and misconceptions about it are barriers to meaningful utilisation of palliative care programs. As caregivers play an integral role for patients with terminal illness, it is necessary to assess their perceptions and attitudes towards the palliative care approach.
Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data was collected from the Aga Khan Hospital in-patient and out-patient departments and home-based palliative care services. All adult caregivers who met the inclusion criteria and consented, completed a questionnaire till the sample size was reached. Univariate and multivariate multivariable analysis was done and results were reported …
Global Burden Of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Associated With Human Metapneumovirus In Children Under 5 Years In 2018: A Systematic Review And Modelling Study, Xin Wang, You Li, Maria Deloria-Knoll, Shabir A. Madhi, Cheryl Cohen, Syed Asad Ali, Sudha Basne, Quique Bassat, W Abdullah Brooks, Malinee Chittaganpitch
Global Burden Of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Associated With Human Metapneumovirus In Children Under 5 Years In 2018: A Systematic Review And Modelling Study, Xin Wang, You Li, Maria Deloria-Knoll, Shabir A. Madhi, Cheryl Cohen, Syed Asad Ali, Sudha Basne, Quique Bassat, W Abdullah Brooks, Malinee Chittaganpitch
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Human metapneumovirus is a common virus associated with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) in children. No global burden estimates are available for ALRIs associated with human metapneumovirus in children, and no licensed vaccines or drugs exist for human metapneumovirus infections. We aimed to estimate the age-stratified human metapneumovirus-associated ALRI global incidence, hospital admissions, and mortality burden in children younger than 5 years.
Methods: We estimated the global burden of human metapneumovirus-associated ALRIs in children younger than 5 years from a systematic review of 119 studies published between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2019, and a further 40 high …
Sleep Deprivation And Neurological Disorders, Muhammed Bishir
Sleep Deprivation And Neurological Disorders, Muhammed Bishir
Brain and Mind Institute
Sleep plays an important role in maintaining neuronal circuitry, signalling and helps maintain overall health and wellbeing. Sleep deprivation (SD) disturbs the circadian physiology and exerts a negative impact on brain and behavioural functions. SD impairs the cellular clearance of misfolded neurotoxin proteins like α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and tau which are involved in major neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In addition, SD is also shown to affect the glymphatic system, a glial-dependent metabolic waste clearance pathway, causing accumulation of misfolded faulty proteins in synaptic compartments resulting in cognitive decline. Also, SD affects the immunological and …
Lifetime Risk Of Diabetes In Metropolitan Cities In India, Shammi Luhar, Dimple Kondal, Rebecca Jones, Ranjit M. Anjana, Shivani A. Patel, Sanjay Kinra, Lynda Clarke, Mohammed K. Ali, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Muhammad Masood Kadir
Lifetime Risk Of Diabetes In Metropolitan Cities In India, Shammi Luhar, Dimple Kondal, Rebecca Jones, Ranjit M. Anjana, Shivani A. Patel, Sanjay Kinra, Lynda Clarke, Mohammed K. Ali, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Muhammad Masood Kadir
Community Health Sciences
Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to estimate the lifetime risk of diabetes and diabetes-free life expectancy in metropolitan cities in India among the population aged 20 years or more, and their variation by sex, age and BMI.
Methods: A Markov simulation model was adopted to estimate age-, sex- and BMI-specific lifetime risk of developing diabetes and diabetes-free life expectancy. The main data inputs used were as follows: age-, sex- and BMI-specific incidence rates of diabetes in urban India taken from the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (2010-2018); age-, sex- and urban-specific rates of mortality from period lifetables reported by …
Atrial Tachycardia Associated With A Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy In A Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Faryal Subhani, Intisar Ahmed, Adil A. Manji, Yawer Saeed
Atrial Tachycardia Associated With A Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy In A Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Faryal Subhani, Intisar Ahmed, Adil A. Manji, Yawer Saeed
Section of Cardiology
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organ systems. Cardiovascular involvement in SLE is well described in the literature. Cardiac arrhythmias associated with SLE include sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial ectopy or atrial tachycardia. In this report, we present the case of a patient with SLE who was found to have focal atrial tachycardia that mimicked sinus tachycardia on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). She was inappropriately treated as a case of sinus tachycardia initially. But she did not respond to the treatment and developed tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy despite being on antiarrhythmic medications. She subsequently underwent successful …
Mitigating Toxic Stress In Children Affected By Conflict And Displacement, Anushka Ataullahjan, Muthanna Samara, Theresa S. Betancourt, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Mitigating Toxic Stress In Children Affected By Conflict And Displacement, Anushka Ataullahjan, Muthanna Samara, Theresa S. Betancourt, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Woman and Child Health
Anushka Ataullahjan and colleagues describe the myriad stressors related to conflict and displacement experienced by children and how best to reduce their negative effect
Strategies To Improve Coverage Of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (Tcv) Immunization Campaign In Karachi, Pakistan, Farah Qamar Naz, Rabab Batool, Sonia Qureshi, Miqdad Ali, Tahira Sadaf, Junaid Mehmood, Khalid Iqbal, Akram Sultan, Noah Duff, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai
Strategies To Improve Coverage Of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (Tcv) Immunization Campaign In Karachi, Pakistan, Farah Qamar Naz, Rabab Batool, Sonia Qureshi, Miqdad Ali, Tahira Sadaf, Junaid Mehmood, Khalid Iqbal, Akram Sultan, Noah Duff, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
The emergence and spread of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid in Karachi, Pakistan led to an outbreak response in Lyari Town, Karachi utilizing a mass immunization campaign with typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Typbar TCV®. The mass immunization campaign, targeted Lyari Town, Karachi, one of the worst affected towns during the XDR typhoid outbreak. Here we describe the strategies used to improve acceptance and coverage of Typbar TCV in Lyari Town, Karachi. The mass immunization campaign with Typbar TCV was started as a school- and hospital-based vaccination campaign targeting children between the age of 6 months to 15 years old. A dose …
Performance Of Lung Ultrasound In The Diagnosis Of Pediatric Pneumonia In Mozambique And Pakistan, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, Jennifer L. Lenahan, Fyezah Jehan, Rubao Bila, Alessandro Lamorte, Jun Hwang, Lola Madrid, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Benazir Baloch, Naila Nadeem
Performance Of Lung Ultrasound In The Diagnosis Of Pediatric Pneumonia In Mozambique And Pakistan, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, Jennifer L. Lenahan, Fyezah Jehan, Rubao Bila, Alessandro Lamorte, Jun Hwang, Lola Madrid, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Benazir Baloch, Naila Nadeem
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Introduction: Improved pneumonia diagnostics are needed in low-resource settings (LRS); lung ultrasound (LUS) is a promising diagnostic technology for pneumonia. The objective was to compare LUS versus chest radiograph (CXR), and among LUS interpreters, to compare expert versus limited training with respect to interrater reliability.
Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study among children with World Health Organization (WHO) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) chest-indrawing pneumonia at two district hospitals in Mozambique and Pakistan, and assessed LUS and CXR examinations. The primary endpoint was interrater reliability between LUS and CXR interpreters for pneumonia diagnosis among children with WHO IMCI …
Randomised Controlled Trial To Assess The Effectiveness Of Apnoeic Oxygenation In Adults Using Low-Flow Or High-Flow Nasal Cannula With Head Side Elevation Versus Usual Care To Prevent Desaturation During Endotracheal Intubation In The Emergency Department (Apoxed): Study Protocol, Shahan Waheed, Nazir Najeeb Kapadia, Muhammad Faisal Khan, Salima Mansoor Kerai, Ahmed Raheem, Rubaba Naeem
Randomised Controlled Trial To Assess The Effectiveness Of Apnoeic Oxygenation In Adults Using Low-Flow Or High-Flow Nasal Cannula With Head Side Elevation Versus Usual Care To Prevent Desaturation During Endotracheal Intubation In The Emergency Department (Apoxed): Study Protocol, Shahan Waheed, Nazir Najeeb Kapadia, Muhammad Faisal Khan, Salima Mansoor Kerai, Ahmed Raheem, Rubaba Naeem
Department of Emergency Medicine
Introduction: Apnoeic oxygenation is a process of delivering continuous oxygen through nasal cannula during direct laryngoscopy. The oxygen that is delivered through these nasal cannulas is either low flow or high flow. Although the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation has been shown through systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials, a comparison of high-flow versus low-flow oxygen delivery has not been tested through a superiority study design. In this study we propose to assess the effectiveness of giving low-flow oxygen with head side elevation versus high-flow oxygen with head side elevation against the usual practice of care in which no oxygen is …
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes Of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Saphenous Vein Grafts In A Low To Middle-Income Country, Ghurfan Adnan, Intisar Ahmed, Javed Tai, Maria Ali Khan, Hammad Hasan
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes Of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Saphenous Vein Grafts In A Low To Middle-Income Country, Ghurfan Adnan, Intisar Ahmed, Javed Tai, Maria Ali Khan, Hammad Hasan
Section of Cardiology
Background: Revascularization of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) is challenging and debated for the last few decades. The percutaneous revascularization of SVGs was reported to have poorer long-term outcomes than native coronary artery revascularization.
Purpose: We aim to study the peri-procedural complications and long-term outcomes of the percutaneous revascularization of SVGs in a low-middle-income country.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 110 patients who underwent percutaneous revascularization from January 2011 to March 2020 and followed them retrospectively for long-term outcomes and major adverse cardiovascular events.
Results: The mean age was 71 ±9, and 81% were male. The most common reason …
Can Awake Glioma Surgery Be The New Standard Of Care In Developing Countries?, Syed Sarmad Bukhari, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim
Can Awake Glioma Surgery Be The New Standard Of Care In Developing Countries?, Syed Sarmad Bukhari, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim
Section of Neurosurgery
No abstract provided.
Understanding The Neuroprotective Effect Of Tranexamic Acid: An Exploratory Analysis Of The Crash-3 Randomised Trial, Amy Brenner, Antonio Belli, Rizwana Chaudhri, Timothy Coats, Lauren Frimley, Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin, Rashid Jooma, Raoul Mansukhani, Peter Sandercock, Haleema Shakur-Still
Understanding The Neuroprotective Effect Of Tranexamic Acid: An Exploratory Analysis Of The Crash-3 Randomised Trial, Amy Brenner, Antonio Belli, Rizwana Chaudhri, Timothy Coats, Lauren Frimley, Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin, Rashid Jooma, Raoul Mansukhani, Peter Sandercock, Haleema Shakur-Still
Section of Neurosurgery
Background: The CRASH-3 trial hypothesised that timely tranexamic acid (TXA) treatment might reduce deaths from intracranial bleeding after traumatic brain injury (TBI). To explore the mechanism of action of TXA in TBI, we examined the timing of its effect on death.
Methods: The CRASH-3 trial randomised 9202 patients within 3 h of injury with a GCS score ≤ 12 or intracranial bleeding on CT scan and no significant extracranial bleeding to receive TXA or placebo. We conducted an exploratory analysis of the effects of TXA on all-cause mortality within 24 h of injury and within 28 days, excluding patients with …
Interobserver Reliability Of The Renal Nephrometry Scoring System: Experience From A Developing Nation, Kumail Khandwala, Dawar Khan, Zainab Hussain, Nida Sajjad, Muhammad Ismail Alvi
Interobserver Reliability Of The Renal Nephrometry Scoring System: Experience From A Developing Nation, Kumail Khandwala, Dawar Khan, Zainab Hussain, Nida Sajjad, Muhammad Ismail Alvi
Department of Radiology
Introduction: The RENAL (radius, exophytic/endophytic properties, nearness of tumor to the collecting system or sinus in millimeters, anterior/posterior, location relative to polar lines) nephrometry score (RENAL-NS) has been described as a structured and quantifiable method to describe a renal tumor’s relevant anatomic features as they relate to the complexity of the lesion. We aim to evaluate a tumor’s RENAL-NS and to assess the reproducibility of the score among different observers.
Methods: This retrospective study included 49 patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who had complete computed tomography (CT) data, RENAL-NS, and histopathology results. All patients underwent renal surgery/intervention at …
Risk Factors For Intensive Care Unit Admission And Mortality In Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients, Ahmed Ayaz, Ainan Arshad, Hajra Malik, Haris Ali, Erfan Hussain, Bushra Jamil
Risk Factors For Intensive Care Unit Admission And Mortality In Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients, Ahmed Ayaz, Ainan Arshad, Hajra Malik, Haris Ali, Erfan Hussain, Bushra Jamil
Medical College Documents
Background: This study investigated the clinical features and outcome of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to our quaternary care hospital.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included all adult patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to a quaternary care hospital in Pakistan from March 1 to April 15, 2020. The extracted variables included demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, laboratory tests and radiological findings during admission. Outcome measures included in-hospital mortality and length of stay.
Results: Sixty-six COVID-19 patients were hospitalized during the study period. Sixty-one percent were male and 39% female; mean age was 50.6±19.1 years. Fever and cough …