Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Fungal Empyema Thoracis, A Rare But An Emerging Entity: A Retrospective Case Series From Pakistan, Nousheen Iqbal, Akbar Shoukat Ali, Aqusa Zahid, Kauser Jabeen, Muhammad Irfan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background and objective: Fungal empyema is a rare entity which is associated with high mortality. It is mostly seen in immune-compromised hosts. However, there is limited data available on fungal empyema from developing countries regarding risk factors, treatment, and outcome. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors, clinical features, treatment, and outcome of fungal empyema.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed on proven fungal empyema cases, admitted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan during January 2018 to May 2021. We excluded all those patients with polymicrobial bacterial and fungal empyema or with negative pleural fluid cultures. …

Inheritance Patterns, Challenges, And Outcomes Of Fracture Management In Osteopetrosis Patients. Case Series And Review Of Pertinent Literature, Obada Hussein Hasan, Aly Zaheer Pathan, Hammad Naqvi, Pervaiz Hashmi, Riaz Hussain Lakdawala

Department of Surgery

Background: Osteopetrosis (OP) is a group of rare inheritable genetic disorders which show increased bone radiodensity on radiography. As no cure exists, careful symptomatic treatment is the mainstay in management due to brittle bone and frequent complications. We would like to present a case series of OP patients, their management, a review of literature about this rare disease and its genetic and inheritance patterns.
Materials and methods: Retrospective case series of 6 patients with OP seen at our institution from 2010 to January 2018. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles using the following keywords: Osteopetrosis, Radiology, Fracture and …

Indications Of Enucleations And Eviscerations Performed At A Tertiary Eye Care Unit: A Case Series., Rashid Baig, Maheen Akhtar Syed, Khabir Ahmad, Tanveer Anjum Chaudhry

Department of Surgery

Abstract

The retrospective study was planned to look at the indications of eye enucleations and eviscerations, and comprised all such procedures done at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2006 to December 2015. Data was collected regarding age at the time of procedure, gender, procedure type, indication for enucleation or evisceration, type of implant if used and complications. Of the 66 eyes of 65 individuals, 47 (71.2%) underwent evisceration and 19 (28.8%) enucleation. The mean age at the time of the procedures was 37.86±23.09 years. The indication for enucleation or evisceration were keratitis 14(21.2%), introcular tumours 13(19.7%), trauma …

Three Siblings With Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Series, Owais Rashid, Naeemul Haque, Saad Farooq, Zareen Kiran,, Sabeeh Siddique, Shahid Pervez

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

In 2015, thyroid carcinoma affected approximately 63,000 people in the USA, yet it remains one of the most treatable cancers. It is mainly classified into medullary and non-medullary types. Conventionally, medullary carcinoma was associated with heritability but increasing reports have now begun to associate non-medullary thyroid carcinoma with a genetic predisposition as well. It is important to identify a possible familial association in patients diagnosed with non-medullary thyroid carcinoma because these cancers behave more destructively than would otherwise be expected. Therefore, it is important to aggressively manage such patients and screening of close relatives might be justified. Our …

Three Siblings With Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Series, Muhammad Owais Rashid, Naeemul Haq, Saad Farooq, Zareen Kiran,, Sabeehuddin Siddique, Shahid Pervez, Najmul Islam

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: In 2015, thyroid carcinoma affected approximately 63,000 people in the USA, yet it remains one of the most treatable cancers. It is mainly classified into medullary and non-medullary types. Conventionally, medullary carcinoma was associated with heritability but increasing reports have now begun to associate non-medullary thyroid carcinoma with a genetic predisposition as well. It is important to identify a possible familial association in patients diagnosed with non-medullary thyroid carcinoma because these cancers behave more destructively than would otherwise be expected. Therefore, it is important to aggressively manage such patients and screening of close relatives might be justified. Our case …

Thyroid Tuberculosis: A Case Series And A Review Of The Literature, Uzma Majid, Najmul Islam

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Objective: Tuberculosis of the thyroid gland is a very rare disease. The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis has been showing a progressive increase in the recent years. We present three cases of primary thyroid tuberculosis.

Methods: Two cases were diagnosed on the basis of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), as they presented with thyroid nodule. The third case was diagnosed on histopathology as the Patient underwent total thyroidectomy for the left-side nodule which was a follicular lesion on FNAC. Tuberculosis was diagnosed on the other lobe.

Results: All three Patients were given antituberculous treatment for nine months, and their nodular lesions completely …

Spinal Changes In Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis On Mri: Case Series, Rohana Naqi, Humera Ahsan, Muhammad Azeemuddin

Department of Radiology

Magnetic Resonance Imaging appearances are described in three cases of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). The different appearances of AS on magnetic resonance imaging are described and their significance in relation to the pathology of this condition is discussed. MRI is increasingly used to detect changes in the spine of patients with AS. Spinal changes associated with spondyloarthritis are florid anterior spondylitis (Romanus lesion), florid discitis (Andersson lesion), ankylosis, insufficiency fractures of the ankylosed spine, syndesmophytes, arthritis of the apophyseal and costovertebral joints and enthesitis of the interspinal ligaments.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Series In Patients With Eclampsia, Rohana Naqi, Humera Ahsan, Muhammad Azeemuddin

Department of Radiology

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) refers to a clinicoradiologic entity with characteristic features on neuro-imaging and non-specific symptoms comprising headache, confusion, visual disturbances and seizures. The lesions in PRES are thought to be due to vasogenic oedema, predominantly in the posterior cerebral hemispheres, and are reversible with appropriate management. We report 3 cases of acute PRES who had eclampsia and presented with recurrent episodes of seizures and hypertension. Their MRI scan showed diffuse abnormal signal intensities involving predominantly deep white matter of the occipital lobes. Based on the findings the most probable diagnosis of PRES was suggested. They were started …

Classic Virilizing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Presenting Late: Case Series From Pakistan, Aysha Habib Khan, Muniba Aban, Rameez-Ul-Hassan, Naeem-Ul-Haq, Jamal Raza, Abdul Jabbar, Tariq Moatter

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Deficiency of 21 hydroxylase enzyme deficiency (21OH) activity accounts for 90% cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This results in deficient cortisol, increased ACTH, adrenal hyperplasia and increased adrenal androgen secretion. There is marked virilization in genetic females which is the hallmark of this disorder. Genetic heterogeneity in 21 OHD is well recognized, and both severe and mild forms occur. We present three cases of adult females with the disease from a larger study to establish genotype, phenotype correlation of Pakistani patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and to highlight issues such as diagnostic delay, inappropriate gender assignment at birth, …