Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Anti-Caspr 2 Antibody Encephalitis: A Case Report, Maryam Khalil, Zaid Waqar, Hira Badar Abbasi, Amina Saddiqa, Bushra Khalid, Soban Khan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Encephalitis is a term denoted to Inflammation in the brain which can be due to infection, autoimmunity, or can be a part of a paraneoplastic phenomenon with malignancy. Anti-CASPR 2 antibody encephalitis is a rare form of encephalitis that can be associated with malignancy, paraneoplastic phenomenon or can be an autoimmune disease. We present a case of a young boy who presented with new onset seizures and altered sensorium and was diagnosed with anti-CASPR 2 antibody encephalitis. Anti-CASPR 2 Antibody Encephalitis is a rare form of encephalitis which due to its great diverse presentation should be kept in the differential …

Primary Angiitis Of The Central Nervous System Presenting As Sudden Vision Loss In A Young Patient, Ayisha Farooq Khan, Lubna Jafri, Saad Shafqat

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system is a rare disorder that primarily affects the cerebral vessels and can prove to be a diagnostic challenge to the clinicians. It can present with a variety of clinical manifestations and lacks the evidence of any systemic disease. Digital subtraction angiography is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis but in cases where it may fail to do so, brain biopsy is eventually required. Obliviousness to this condition may lead to false management strategies and hence it is imperative to make an accurate diagnosis to facilitate proper treatment that mainly includes …

Ataxic Variant Of Guillain Barre Syndrome: A Case Report, Haris Majid Rajput, Malik Muhammad Adil, Maryam Khalil, Nayab Aslam, Zaid Waqar

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

A 17-year-old girl was admitted after acute onset of unsteady gait succeeding acute gastroenteritis. Neurological examination reported normal power in all four limbs, impaired finger-nose, heel-shin tests, areflexia and ataxic gait. We eliminated other diseases with cerebellar symptoms; for example, Wernicke encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, cerebellar vascular disease , encephalitis in the brain stem and cerebellum. Blood serum collected from the patient during the acute phase showed no anti-ganglioside antibodies. As the patient presented with evident cerebellar ataxia without muscle weakness, ophthalmoplegia or proprioceptive sensory disruption a diagnosis of ataxic form of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) after nerve conduction studies. Though ataxic …

An Unaddressed Role Of Nurses: Barriers In Promoting Reproductive Health In Pakistan: A Commentary Paper, Rabab Vadivala, Arisha Amin, Sahar Jessani, Sara Hudani

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Reproductive health has a significant impact on a person’s overall wellbeing. Despite this, it is not given major attention. Many people are still unaware of the importance of reproductive health, and one reason for this is the often-overlooked role of nurses in sexual and reproductive health. Nurses, midwives and lady health visitors are the healthcare professionals that play a pivotal role in promoting reproductive health. However, due to several factors, such as burnout among nurses and a lack of educational preparedness, this role of nurses remains unaddressed. This article discusses the general determinants that contribute to the underutilization of nurses …

Father’S Role In Family Planning: A Case Study, Inara Muhammad Karim

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

When a married couple decides the optimum time to start a family, how many children they want, how long they want to wait between kids, and the type of contraception they want to use it is called family planning. In Asian countries like Pakistan, men are decision makers inside the families and dominantly take decisions about contraception, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STI), finance distribution for antenatal care, childbirth, and nutrition requirements during pregnancy. Financial status, misconception, myths, and lack of knowledge about the use of contraception are a few factors apart from religion and culture which influence the father’s …

Editorial - Summer 2023, Edwin Van Teijlingen, Rafat Jan, Kiran Mubeen, Abeer Musaddique

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Work-Related Stress Among Midwives In Central Uganda. A Key Comparison Between Rural-Urban And Private-Public Midwives: A Cross-Sectional Study, Diana Mbatudde, Ahmed Sarki, Ofra Halperin, Ekaete Asuquo, Grace Edward

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background: Midwives in Uganda face challenges that predispose them to vulnerability and traumatic work-related stress which may impact the provision of quality midwifery care and the well-being of midwives. This study aimed at exploring the prevalence and sources of work-related stress and comparing the differences in the experiences of stress among rural or urban midwives and private or public midwives in health facilities in central Uganda.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was utilized. The 57-item Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) was used to collect data from 208 midwives working in urban and rural (both public and private) health facilities …

Labor Companionship: A Concept Of Doula Care: A Commentary Paper, Arisha Amin, Rabab Vadivala

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

A labor companion is a person who offers consistent individualized support to laboring women. Doula care is defined as the care which an individual provides of physical, social, and emotional support during pregnancy, labor, birth, and the postnatal period (1). Doulas help women ease their anxiety, and pain and address their concerns with comfort, care, and respect. Doulas help in cherishing a mother and child bonding helps in initiate breastfeeding and provide an emotional bond throughout the birthing time. It helps in reducing cesarean sections, and high-risk pregnancies and minimizes infant and maternal mortalities. The purpose of the study is …

Bangladesh To Take Over The Training Of Midwifery Educators: A Commentary Paper, Kerstin Erlandsson, Ulrika Byrskog, Catrin Borneskog Sinclair, Christina Pedersen

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

While Bangladesh has made gains in maternal health provisions, there are still gaps and unmet need for services. Bangladesh has trained over 7 000 midwives, and many more midwifery educators are needed to serve the country’s population of 140 million with midwifery services. In April 2016 the first nursing faculty teaching midwifery students at nursing institutes across Bangladesh were enrolled in a blended online and onsite master’s programme with the Dalarna University, Sweden. The programme content focused the subject sexual, reproductive and perinatal health and was the first of its kind in Asia. The graduating faculty members were expected to …

Is It Safe To Have Sexual Intercourse During Pregnancy? A Commentary Paper, Misbah Zafar, Mehreen Aslam

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Sexuality is an expression of love, care, and intimacy between couples but pregnancy, and the early postnatal period can have a significant impact on sexual health. Numerous physiological and psychological changes take place during pregnancy^[1]. These changes may have a deep influence on the sexual lives of married couples in a variety of ways. ^[2]

The degree of sexual health awareness, myths, rituals, and beliefs about sexual activity during pregnancy are some of the contributing factors which promote or hinders the sexual relationships during pregnancy ^[3]. The most common fear related …

A Peculiar Case Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A Case Report Of Radical Outcomes: A Case Study, Neelam Ubaid-Ur-Raheem

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Dengue is the arthropod-borne flavivirus infection, its severity increases during pregnancy, and results in worst maternofetal outcomes, which is an alarming issue. Dengue fever (DF) is the most common cause for preterm delivery and abortion. Dengue-related thrombocytopenia increases the risk of bleeding during pregnancy and delivery and can also leads to high maternal mortality rates. Globally 3.9 billion people are at risk of dengue fever, especially in Asia.
This case study focuses on a 22-years old pregnant woman from Pakistan without known co-morbidities. She presented in an emergency department with high fever, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding gum. She was positive …

Strengthening Midwifery Response: Implementing Updated Who Guidelines In Birthing Centers In Northern Pakistan, Rafat Jan, Marina Baig, Sadia Karimi, Farzana Yameen, Kiran Mubeen, Arusa Lakhani

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

A Step To Improve Maternal Health In Mountain Region Of Pakistan, Rafat Jan, Farzana Yameen, Marina Baig, Sadia Karimi, Kiran Mubeen, Arusa Lakhani

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

International Day Of Midwives: Honoring Midwives' Dedication And Zeal In Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan, Arusa Lakhani, Rafat Jan, Sadia Karimi, Mehreen Aslam

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Harvesting Health: Indigenous Mothers’ Resilience In The Face Of Climate Change And Maternal Nutrition Challenges In Rural Bajaur, Pakistan: A Study Protocol, Ihsan Ullah, Rafat Jan, Dilshad Begum, Kiran Mubeen, Laila Amir Ali Lalji

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Cerebellar Manifestation Secondary To Rectal Neoplasia, Soban Khan, Zaid Waqar, Maryam Khalil, Bushra Khalid, Sajid Ali, Ijaz Ali, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Adil

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

The condition known as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is among the most disabling examples of a cancer's remote effects. Serology for paraneoplastic antibodies, clinical suspicion, and a targeted search for malignancy all play a role in the diagnosis. Tests for neuronal autoantibodies aid in diagnosis and point the way for the search for malignancy. Unfortunately, even with an early diagnosis, existing therapeutic approaches only have little success. Here we present the case of a young male who developed cerebellar syndrome secondary to rectal neoplasia.

Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapies In The Management Of Unknown Onset And Wakeup Strokes: A Scoping Review, Saima Nazish

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT Background: The efficacy and safety of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA) for the management of unknown time onset stroke (UTOS) and wake-up stroke (WUS) are in a debate. Objective:The objective of this review is to discuss the UTOS and its management with intravenous thrombolytic therapies. Data Sources: Databases searched included PubMed and Cochrane electronic databases and manual search. Study Selection and Data Extraction: 45 articles of potential relevance were selected. Results: 14 relevant papers were included. Most of studies including recent trials using Magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-weighted imaging fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (MRIDWI FLAIR) mismatch or Computed tomography …

Association Of Hyperuricemia With Ischemic Stroke In Adult Population, Ijaz Ali, Zaid Waqar, Bushra Khalid, Maryam Naseem, Soban Khan, Sajid Ali, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Adil, Hira Badar Abbasi, Mazhar Badshah

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background and Objective:

Stroke is the second most prevalent cause of dementia, the third biggest cause of mortality, and the top cause of disability globally. Hyperuricemia is frequently seen in patients with vascular risk factors. The objective of this study was to determine the association of hyperuricemia with ischemic stroke in adult patients presenting to neurology department of a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:This was a case-control study of 200 patients, 100 patients with stroke and 100 unmatched controls were accessed for vascular risk factors and hyperuricemia. The setting was Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad and study duration was …

Frequency Of Depression Among Patients With Parkinson Disease, Mohammad Lateef, Wasim Ikram Alvi, Abdul Malik, Neelum Jamal, Muhammad Umair, Muhammad Athar Khan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background and Objective:

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative neurological condition that affects a large number of individuals worldwide. One of the common non-motor symptoms associated with this disease is depression, which can pose challenges for both patients and their caregivers. The main objective of this research was to determine the frequency of depression among patients with Parkinson disease.

Methods:This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, between March 26, 2022, and September 30, 2022. Male and female patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease according to the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank Clinical Diagnostic Criteria, who were …

Clinical Presentation, Evaluation, And Management Of Patients With Myasthenia Gravis At A Tertiary Care Center In Pakistan, Aziz Sonawalla, Shafaq Saleem, Salim Allana, Rabia Qaiser, Rohma Shamsi

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background and objectives:

Little is known about the clinical profile and outcome of myasthenia gravis in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to review the clinical characteristics of patients with myasthenia gravis in Pakistan, and the outcome of investigations and treatment.

Methods: The study comprised a retrospective review of charts of patients diagnosed with myasthenia gravis at Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, over a period of 16 years from 1987 to 2003. The following features were reviewed: (i) clinical presentation, (ii) investigations especially nerve conduction studies, acetylcholine receptor antibodies, and imaging studies of the thorax, (iii) treatments …

Neurobehavioral And Biochemical Effects Of Choline Chloride Administration In Rats, Lubna Anis, Irfan Sajid, Shoaib Ahmad, Saida Haider

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background and Objective:

Choline is an essential nutrient related to vitamin B complex activity. It can be received through different food sources. It is an important component of acetylcholine which is involved in different brain functions. The present study is designed to assess the behavioral effects of choline chloride in animal models.

Methods:This case-control study was performed in the Department of Biochemistry, Federal Urdu University, Karachi for eight months from May 2022 to December 2022. Twenty-four adult male albino Wister rats were divided into four groups, one control and three test groups. Choline chloride dissolved in saline was given …

Frequency Of Hyperlipedemia In Patients Coming With Ischemic Stroke In Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi, Bushra Ammad, Abdul Malik, Rabia Sana Muhammad, Maryam Javed, Hina Imtiaz

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background and objective:

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. This study was designed to determine the frequency of hyperlipidemia in patients with ischemic stroke visiting at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.

Methods:This was a descriptive cross-sectional study and was done in Department of Medicine, LCMD/ Dar-ul-Sehat Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 184 patients were studied during the study period of six months and all the consecutive patients were recruited who presented with acute stroke in the department of medicine from the duration April 1st 2022 to September 30th, …

Chronic Hepatitis B, C, And Stroke; Association And Pathophysiology, Hamza Imran, Adnan Yousuf, Mohammad Wasay

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background and Objectives:

Hepatitis infection may raise the incidence of stroke and other cerebrovascular abnormalities, according to several studies. However, its association is controversial. This review looked to compile the most recent research on the relationship between HBV and HCV, atherosclerosis, and stroke.

Methods:This article reviews the literature on the connection between hepatitis B and C viruses with stroke and atherosclerosis. The search included articles from PubMed, PakMediNet, and Google Scholar, as well as a Medline search using specific keywords and MeSH terms. A total of 2655 articles were identified. Out of these 2655 articles we identified 134 articles …

Lack Of Stroke Care Centers In Sindh, Adnan Malik, Rahul Agia

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Fibromyalgia: The Misunderstood Victim, Wajid Jawaid

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Mandatory Child Neurology Training For Adult Neurology Residents In Pakistan, Tipu Sultan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Terson Syndrome In A Patient With Unrepaired Tetralogy Of Fallot, Amina Saddiqa, Zaid Waqar, Maryam Khalil, Muhammad Anas, Zeeshan Munawar, Ifrah Ayaz, Zakir Jan, Haris Majid

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most commonly seen cyanotic congenital heart disease. It includes four cardinal features: right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, misaligned ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and concentric right ventricular hypertrophy. Intracranial pathologies such as brain abscesses, cerebrovascular accidents, and intracranial haemorrhage all have been reported with Tetralogy of Fallot. Here we present a case who had subarachnoid haemorrhage with vitreous haemorrhage in Tetralogy of Fallot.

National Guidelines For The Treatment Of Common Headaches Disorders In Pakistan, Abdul Malik, Sabrina Khan, Mohammad Wasay, Aziz Sonawalla, Samaira Younis, Faisal Mohammad Amin

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

World Health Organization Intersectoral Global Action Plan (Who-Igap); Implications And Impact On Neurological Care In Pakistan, Mohammad Wasay Wasay, Safa Younis, Abdul Malik, Akhtar Sherin

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Application Of Multiphase Ct Angiography In Acute Ischemic Stroke, Salman Mansoor

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

This article explores the use of multiphase CT angiography (CTA) as a valuable tool in acute stroke management. Unlike traditional imaging methods, multiphase CTA provides a more comprehensive view of the neurovascular system and can detect occlusions and aid in treatment decision-making. Recent studies have shown that multiphase CTA has high accuracy in identifying patients who are suitable for endovascular treatment. Furthermore, it has also been used to visualize intracranial aneurysms and track the development of collateral circulation during and after treatment. Despite concerns regarding radiation exposure and image interpretation, multiphase CTA remains an essential imaging modality in the management …