Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Implementation Of Pharmacy Access To Hormonal Contraception, Lindsay E. Dale

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Women report significant barriers to obtaining hormonal contraception prescriptions, including difficulty scheduling clinician appointments, inconvenient clinic hours and desire to avoid pelvic examinations. To increase contraceptive access, states throughout the United States have and continue to pass legislation authorizing pharmacists to prescribe hormonal contraception, allowing women to initiate contraception directly at the pharmacy without involvement of a physician. Despite patient and pharmacist interest in direct pharmacy access to contraception, many pharmacists report challenges to prescribing contraception. Few studies have assessed the uptake of pharmacy-prescribed contraception in states with expanded pharmacist prescriptive authority, but no prior studies have evaluated the implementation …

The Effects Of Hormonal Contraceptive Use On Perceptions Of Social Stress In Women, Ashton Jones

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Hormonal contraceptives are widely used due to their efficiency in preventing pregnancy. Although women are often informed of the physical effects of hormonal contraceptives, there is little emphasis on mental effects, such as increased rates of depression and changes in social perception. The current study examined perceptions of social stress among women before beginning hormonal contraceptives, and two months after using hormonal contraceptives. I hypothesized that women would experience increased social stress after beginning hormonal contraceptives, compared to a control group of women who were also assessed twice. Results did not support this hypothesis; there was no difference in interpersonal …

Copper Intrauterine Device Is An Appropriate Method Of Contraception For A Patient With A History Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sydney E. Daviskiba

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using

Sánchez-Guerrero J, Uribe AG, Jiménez-Santana L, et al. A Trial of Contraceptive Methods in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(24):2539-2588. https:/doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa050817

for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus choosing a method of contraception.

Factors Associated With The Lack Of Use Of Contraceptive Methods In Female Adolescent In Peru Endes 2018-2020, Yolanda B. Dulanto-Ramos, Consuelo Luna-Muñoz, Luis Roldan-Arbieto

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana

Introduction: In Peru, adolescents tend to use contraceptive methods (CM) less frequently, constituting a subgroup at risk of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. Methods: Quantitative, observational, analytical-cross-sectional study corresponding to a secondary analysis of data from women aged 15 to 19 from the ENDES 2018-2020. To quantify the association, Poisson regression was used for robust variances, calculating the Prevalence Ratio (PR) in its crude (PRc) and adjusted (PRa) forms, with a 95% con��dence interval. Results: 28.4% did not use MC, there was a signi��cant association for the variables without a partner (Rpa: 2.49 CI: 1.99-3.11) and zero children (Rpa: …

Missed Opportunities For Family Planning Counselling Among Postpartum Women In Eleven Counties In Kenya, Mary N. Thiongo, Peter B. Gichangi, Michael Waithaka, Amy Tsui, Linnea A. Zimmerman, Scott Radloff, Marleen Temmerman, Saifuddin Ahmed

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Mothers may access medical facilities for their babies and miss opportunities to access family planning (FP) services. This study was undertaken to describe missed opportunities for FP among women within the extended (0–11months) postpartum period from counties participating in Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) surveys.

Design and setting: This study analysed cross-sectional household survey data from 11 counties in Kenya between 2014 and 2018. PMA2020 uses questions extracted from the Demographic and Health survey (DHS) and DHS defnitions were used. Multivariable logistic regression was used for inferential statistics with p-value of <0.05 considered to be signifcant.

Participants: Women aged 15-49 years …

Multisite Effectiveness Study Of The Marquette Method Of Natural Family Planning Program, Qiyan Mu, Richard J. Fehring, Thomas Bouchard

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Women of reproductive age need reliable and effective family planning methods to manage their fertility. Natural family planning (NFP) methods or fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs) have been increasingly used by women due to their health benefits. Nevertheless, effectiveness of these natural methods remains inconsistent, and these methods are difficult for healthcare providers to implement in their clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Marquette Model NFP system to avoid pregnancy for women at multiple teaching sites using twelve months of retrospectively collected teaching data. Survival analysis (Kaplan–Meier) was used to determine typical unintended …

Exposure To Family Planning Messages And Teenage Pregnancy: Results From The 2017 Philippine National Demographic And Health Survey, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Clinton S. Tang, Luis Miguel B. Co, Neil Andrew K. Aliazas, Sarah J. De Los Reyes, Raymundo S. Baquiran, Lourdes Bernadette S. Tanchanco

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Teenage pregnancy is known to have physical, emotional, and psychosocial effects. Because of these risks, family planning and contraception messages have been disseminated in various forms of media, but their association with teenage pregnancy has not been studied previously in the Philippines. This study aims to examine the association between exposure to various family planning and contraception messages disseminated in various media channels and pregnancy among Filipino women aged 15–19. The study also intended to examine interactions between the different media channels where these family planning and contraception messages are being disseminated on their effect on teenage pregnancy.

Methods …

Busting Contraception Myths And Misconceptions Among Youth In Kwale County, Kenya: Results Of A Digital Health Randomised Control Trial, Peter Gichangi, Lianne Gonsalves, Jefferson Mwaisaka, Mary Thiongo, Ndema Habib, Michael Waithaka, Tigest Tamrat, Alfred Agwanda, Hellen Sidha, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objectives: The objective of this randomised controlled trial in Kenya was to assess the effect of delivering sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information via text message to young people on their ability to reject contraception-related myths and misconceptions.

Design and setting: A three-arm, unblinded randomised controlled trial with a ratio of 1:1:1 in Kwale County, Kenya.

Participants and interventions: A total of 740 youth aged 18–24 years were randomised. Intervention arm participants could access informational SRH text messages on-demand. Contact arm participants received once weekly texts instructing them to study on an SRH topic on their own. Control arm participants …

Contraceptive Use And Sterilization Among People With Disabilities, Gabrielle Y. Defiebre

Dissertations and Theses

Background

Approximately 20% of individuals in the United States (US) have a disability, with 1 in 4 adult women above the age of 18 having a disability. People with disabilities include individuals who may experience difficulties with mobility, cognition, independent living, vision, hearing, and/or self-care. Disabled people face physical/environmental barriers, provider-level barriers, and system-level barriers in accessing health care, including sexual and reproductive health care, and are more likely than people without disabilities to have unmet medical needs. Four recent studies have indicated that those with disabilities are more likely to have received female sterilization as a family planning service …

An Investigation Into The Prevalence Of Use And Availability Of Information On Contraception For Female Third Level Students Aged 18-24, Barbara Dymet, Jane Hyde, Chloe Madden, Ciara Walsh

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction:

The purpose of this investigation was to find out the amount of female students in third level institutions who use contraception as well as their attitude towards the availability of information about female birth control options in these institutions.

Materials and methods:

An online survey was created using Google Docs which was then sent out to undergraduate third level female students over the age of 18. All gathered data was analysed using Microsoft Excel.

Results:

The vast majority of the surveyed population was sexually active and used contraception with the most common form being a combination of the contraceptive …

Improving Access To Reproductive Life Planning Following Implementation Of One Key Question® In Practice, Ashley Wittler

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Abstract

Inadequate reproductive life planning (RLP) education is a widespread problem for women in the United States. This deficit leaves women without necessary guidance regarding contraceptive choices and maximizing pre-conception health. Use of RLP is endorsed by the American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Lack of use of an RLP tool in a large, multi-site obstetrical and gynecological practice located in the Metro East is an issue that greatly impacts the patient population. The goal was to initiate the use of an evidence-based RLP tool, known as One Key Question®. The use …

Interpersonal Violence And Contraceptive Method Use By Women Sex Workers, Jessica L. Zemlak, Rebecca Hamilton White, Danielle Friedman Nestadt, Kamila A. Alexander, Ju Nyeong Park, Susan G. Sherman

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

More than one-half of women sex workers (sex workers) in the United States experience interpersonal violence, defined as physical or sexual violence, by sexual partners, including clients or intimate partners. Women experiencing interpersonal violence by intimate partners often choose hidden, woman-controlled contraception (e.g., intrauterine devices, pills, or sterilization) because fear of violence can impede condom negotiation. Yet, little is known about how interpersonal violence relates to contraception among sex workers who may have different sexual partner perpetrators (clients and intimate partners). The purpose of this study was to examine associations between interpersonal violence perpetrated by clients or intimate partners …

Influence Of Various Methods Of Contraception On Female Sexual Functions, Amany A. Salama, Mohamed A. Gaber

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective The aim was to evaluate female sexual functions in women using different methods of contraception. Background Contraception is a common practice among women during their childbearing periods. Contraception may affect female sexual function both positively and negatively. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was done on 200 married women in the childbearing period, who were recruited from different health care centers at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt, between October 2019 and January 2020. Results In the present study, 56.5% (more than half) of the participating women who used contraception were at high risk for sexual dysfunction. Women using nonhormonal contraceptives reported …

Contraception For Pcps 2021, Krys Foster, Md, Mph, Faafp

Department of Family & Community Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

Objectives:

• Review evidence-based, flexible and patient-centered approaches to contraceptive management in individuals with reproductive potential
• Discuss updates in contraceptive prescribing and management
• Highlight considerations for management of contraception in the time of COVID-19 and in special populations

Outline

• Introduction
• Approach to initiation of contraception
• Overview of methods of contraception
• Special Considerations
• Resources (Medical Eligibility and Special Practice Recommendations; Contraception App)
• Summary
• References

Shared Decision-Making For Contraceptive Counseling Among Women Seeking Services At Safety Net Clinics In South Carolina And Alabama, Dumisa M. Nyarambi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Shared decision-making (SDM) for contraceptive counseling and method initiation is a hallmark of patient-centered care; SDM is associated with patient satisfaction, method continuation, and the prevention of pregnancy and short inter-pregnancy intervals. To achieve a high-quality experience for women Person-centered approach to counseling is the preferred approach to achieve SDM. Demographic factors and women’s perceptions of their providers have been linked to decision-making. Literature is lacking on SDM practices in safety net clinics, particularly in local health departments. Exploring these constructs is important to inform practices and policies for family planning. This research aimed to examine: 1) the influence of …

Contraception Choice And Compliance Among Mothers With Opioid Addiction: Identifying Barriers To Care, Robert C. Bowers, Catherine Waldron, Jennie Yoost, Hayley Weese, Amy Roy

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Introduction

West Virginia leads the nation in substance abuse deaths per capita. This epidemic has given rise to a novel population of high-risk, obstetric patients with opiate abuse. Appropriate education, counseling, and implementation of contraception are of extreme importance among this population, due to the risks of unintended pregnancy.

Methods

This study was a retrospective chart review to determine compliance and uptake of contraceptive methods by patients in a maternal buprenorphine maintenance program prior to and following implementation of standardized contraception education and Medicaid coverage of immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC). Rates of planned contraception and rates of actual …

Short Term Safety, Immunogenicity, And Reproductive Effects Of Combined Vaccination With Anti-Gnrh (Gonacon) And Rabies Vaccines In Female Feral Cats, Shiri Novak, Boris Yakobson, Shir Sorek, Liat Morgan, Smadar Tal, Ran Nivy, Roni King, Lauren Jaebker, Douglas C. Eckery, Tal Raz

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Overpopulation of free-roaming cats is a major problem leading to negative impacts on animal health and welfare, public nuisance, transmission of zoonotic diseases, and well-documented harm to wildlife. Surgical sterilization had failed to provide a practical solution to free-roaming cats’ overpopulation under field conditions; therefore, efficient and safe non-surgical immunocontraception methods are aspired. Rabies is a deadly virus that may infect people and animals. However, the safety and efficacy of combined vaccination with anti-GnRH and rabies vaccines in feral cats, which often suffer from disrupted health conditions and experienced high stress level, has never been studied. Therefore, our objective was …

Short Term Safety, Immunogenicity, And Reproductive Effects Of Combined Vaccination With Anti-Gnrh (Gonacon) And Rabies Vaccines In Female Feral Cats, Shiri Novak, Boris Yakobson, Shir Sorek, Liat Morgan, Smadar Tal, Ran Nivy, Roni King, Lauren Jaebker, Douglas C. Eckery, Tal Raz

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Overpopulation of free-roaming cats is a major problem leading to negative impacts on animal health and welfare, public nuisance, transmission of zoonotic diseases, and well-documented harm to wildlife. Surgical sterilization had failed to provide a practical solution to free-roaming cats' overpopulation under field conditions; therefore, efficient and safe non-surgical immunocontraception methods are aspired. Rabies is a deadly virus that may infect people and animals. However, the safety and efficacy of combined vaccination with anti-GnRH and rabies vaccines in feral cats, which often suffer from disrupted health conditions and experienced high stress level, has never been studied. Therefore, our objective was …

Essure: The Iud Story We Should Have Seen Coming, Jessica Mahoney

Health Studies Capstones

Female sterilization is the second most common contraceptive method used by women in the U.S.. Historically, the procedure was done via laparoscopic surgery. However, in 2002, Bayer’s new female contraceptive device called Essure was approved by the FDA, allowing hysteroscopic sterilization. The Essure device is essentially a small metal coil that is inserted into each fallopian tube with the intention of causing swelling and scarring that closes off the tubes. The device was attractive for many women and physicians because the procedure could be performed in a doctor’s office rather than an operating room. As of 2015, 750,000 women had …

Self-Advocacy In The Exam Room: Tools And Techniques For Contraceptive Care, Angelique Bouthot

Community Engagement Student Work

Sexual and reproductive healthcare is fraught with both historic and current examples of oppression, systemic abuse, and injustice across gender, race, class, and ability. Still, high quality and responsive contraceptive care may provide numerous health benefits, the ability to prevent and plan pregnancies, and opportunities for exercising autonomy and greater educational and economic attainment. Many initiatives focus on quality improvement at the institutional or provider level, but these do not get to every institution or every provider. This project proposes an approach that reduces harm and maximizes benefit on an individual level while larger systemic changes occur. In a workshop …

Natural Family Planning And Marital Chastity: The Effects Of Periodic Abstinence On Marital Relationships, Richard J. Fehring, Michael D. Manhart

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Marital chastity is the practice of periodic abstinence with use of natural family planning (NFP). The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the most common methods of contraception (female sterilization, oral contraceptive pills, and condoms) and NFP on divorce/separation and cohabitation rates among reproductive age women. The study involved an extensive review of the literature on the effects of practice of NFP on marital dynamics and a statistical analysis of 2,550 ever-married women in the (2015–2017) National Survey of Family Growth data set. Importance of religion and frequency of church attendance were included in the analysis. …

Reproductive Intentions And Corresponding Use Of Safer Conception Methods And Contraception Among Ugandan Hiv Clients In Serodiscordant Relationships., Glenn J. Wagner, Deborah Mindry, Emily A. Hurley, Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya, Violet Gwokyalya, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Rhoda K. Wanyenze, Mastula Nanfuka, Mahlet G. Tebeka, Kathy Goggin

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

CONTEXT: Among people living with HIV in Uganda, desires to have a child and unplanned pregnancies are both common, while utilization of safer conception methods (SCM) and modern contraceptives are low.

METHODS: Three hundred eighty-nine HIV clients who reported considering childbearing with their uninfected partner enrolled in a safer conception counseling intervention trial in Uganda. Multiple regression analysis and baseline data were used to examine correlates of reproductive intentions and behaviors, including use of safer conception methods and contraception.

RESULTS: Most (n = 313; 80.5%) reported that both they and their partner wanted to have a child now, which was …

Contraceptive Accessibility And Reproductive Outcomes In Adolescents Seeking Care At School-Based Health Centers: A Systematic Review, Jamie Jenkins

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Context: Adolescent pregnancy continues to be a public health concern in the United States. School-based health centers are an ideal setting for providing affordable, accessible, and confidential reproductive services for adolescents that can help prevent unintended pregnancies. However, there are great variations in the reproductive services offered at school-based health centers across the United States. Objective: This study aims to explore the question: Do school-based health centers that provide on-site contraception access have lower adolescent pregnancy rates and higher reported contraception use when compared to school-based health centers that do not provide on-site contraception? Methods: A literature …

Factors Influencing Contraception Use In Sexual Minority Women: A Systematic Literature Review, Grace M. Hudson

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Contrary to widespread beliefs that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, plus (LGBTQ+) women do not need contraceptive care, sexual minority women (SMW) engage in vaginal-penile sexual contact which puts them at risk for unintended pregnancy. SMW assigned female gender at birth are at higher risk for less reliable and consistent contraceptive use and thus unintended pregnancy (Everett et al., 2017). This leads to the question of factors which cause SMW to be less engaged in contraceptive services. Through synthesis of studies addressing SMW and contraceptives, four themes developed: attitudes towards contraception, obstacles to care, knowledge gaps, and ways to improve …

Family Planning Outpatient Provider Survey; Evaluating Resident Confidence In Knowledge Of Family Planning Topics And Barriers To Providing Effective Care, Hannah Rosenfield, Kohar Der Simonian

Costas T. Lambrew Research Retreat 2021

The Question-

How do residents feel about their knowledge and skills in applying evidence- based care around contraception, miscarriage management and options counseling?

Pharmacist Provision Of Contraception Services In Kentucky: Opinions And Policy Interventions, Dustin K. Miracle

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Unintended pregnancy continues to be a prevalent issue across the United States, impacting millions of women annually. While several states have enacted policies expanding pharmacist services to allow for provision of hormonal contraception, Kentucky has yet to do so. Likewise, although provision of nonprescription hormonal contraception could be authorized under Kentucky regulation, prior to this study, this had yet to be done. The objectives of this study were to 1) understand the opinions of Kentucky pharmacists and student pharmacists regarding provision of hormonal contraception services through a board-authorized protocol, 2) understand the opinions of Kentucky pharmacists and student pharmacists regarding …

Preconception Screening For Family Planning, Nnenna Abaeze

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

Purpose/Objectives: The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the effects of preconception screening tools on non-pregnant women between 13 and 44 years old in the primary care setting. The primary care setting is unique because non-pregnant women often visit a primary care provider more frequently than they visit their obstetrician/gynecologists when not pregnant. Every visit to a primary care provider is an opportunity to discuss family planning and evaluate potential health risk factors.

Data Sources: A literature search of peer-reviewed articles from 2010 to 2020 was conducted. The databases searched included: Cumulative Index to Nursing and …

Systematic Review Of Contraceptive Use Among Sex Workers In North America, Jessica L. Zemlak, Anna P. Bryant, Noelene K. Jeffers

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To systematically review the literature regarding contraceptive use by sex workers in North America and to understand factors that limit reproductive agency and affect contraceptive use and decision making.

Data Sources

We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases using the search terms “sex work(ers),” “transactional sex,” “exchange sex,” “prostitution,” “contraception,” “contraceptive agents,” “birth control,” “female,” and “women.”

Study Selection

Articles were eligible for inclusion in this review if they (a) reported quantitative or qualitative studies based in North America, (b) were written in English, (c) included sex workers (self-identified sex workers or engaged in sex work behavior) as the …

Contraceptive Methods In The United States: The Question Of Abortive Mechanisms, Tara Ferenczy

Senior Honors Theses

This thesis reviews the many methods of contraception available in the United States. Although society’s understanding of women’s health has become a major topic, there is still a significant deficit of information regarding how the accessible methods affect women’s bodies, specifically reproductive tissue. The thesis analyzes numerous contraceptive options focusing specifically on the mechanisms of action to determine whether options have abortifacient properties so that readers may develop educated opinions regarding medical and ethical uses. Information involving strengths and limitations of each technique and the effects on both the female body and the reproductive material assist in understanding the process …

Long-Lasting, Patient-Controlled, Procedure-Free Contraception: A Review Of Annovera With A Pharmacist Perspective, Jennifer J. Virro, Kathleen Besinque, Christiane E. Carney, Danielle Gross, Brian Bernick, Sebastian Mirkin

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Annovera (segesterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol vaginal system) is a US Food and Drug Administration FDA-approved long-lasting, reversible contraceptive that is fully administered by the user and does not require a procedure for insertion or removal. The vaginal system is in the shape of a ring and contains low doses of a novel progestin, egesterone acetate, and ethinyl estradiol. It is made of silicone and is fully pliable and flexible. The vaginal system is reusable for 13 cycles, using a 21 days in/7 days out regimen, providing women with the ability to control their fertility. Particularly now during the COVID-19 …