Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Distance From A Cultural Model Of Substance Use Risk, Internalization, And Self-Stigma In Urban Brazil, Nicole L. Henderson, William W. Dressler, Natalia Priolli Jora Pegoraro, Ana Falcao, Sandra Cristin Pillon

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Introduction: A cognitive theory of culture as socially distributed cultural models has proven useful in research. Cultural models exist in two forms: the model shared by individuals in a social group, and individual versions of that model modified by personal experience. In previous research we documented a shared cultural model of substance use risk among a general population sample in urban Brazil. Here we examine how this model is distributed among persons under treatment for substance use/misuse and the implications for perceived and self-stigma.

Methods: A convenience sample of 133 persons under treatment rated the influence of risk factors for …

E-Cigarette Use And Respiratory Symptoms In Adults: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mohammed M. Alqahtani, Faraj K. Alenezi, Mohammed A. Almeshari, Abdullah M. Alanazi, Ziyad Ben Taleb, Mohammad E Ebrahimi Kalan, Mary P. Martinasek, Rheese J. Mcnab, Rachel Culbreth, Mansour Alotaibi, Hassan Alijohani, Lynda T. Goodfellow, Taha T. Ismaeil, Saleh S. Algarni, Tareq F. Alotaibi, Mobarek K. Alqahtani, Hamoud Al-Ajel, Khalid S. Alwadeai, Nafea S. Almutairi, Eric Ford

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Introduction:
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is gaining popularity among adults. Monitoring e-cigarette-induced respiratory symptoms is crucial for both clinical and regulatory purposes. We systematically reviewed the current literature to understand the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users, and former smokers.

Methods:
Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus. We included all English-language, empirical quantitative articles that explored the prevalence of e-cigarette-related respiratory symptoms. Random-effects models were utilized in conducting the meta-analyses. The quality of identified studies was evaluated using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools. This study is registered with PROSPERO(#CRD42020165973).

Results:
The …

Sex And Race Differences In Obesity-Related Genetic Susceptibility And Risk Of Cardiometabolic Disease In Older Us Adults, Hairui Yu, Nicole Armstrong, Greg Pavela

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Importance The fat mass and obesity–associated gene (FTO) is associated with obesity phenotypes, but the association is inconsistent across populations. Within-population differences may explain some of the variability observed.

Objective To investigate sex differences in the association between FTO single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and obesity traits among self-identified non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White US adults, to examine whether the SNVs were associated with cardiometabolic diseases, and to evaluate whether obesity mediated the association between FTO SNVs and cardiometabolic diseases.

Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) …

Championing Awareness Of The Opioid Epidemic Through A Service-Learning Module For Non-Stem Biology Majors, Ryleigh Fleming, Sarah J. Adkins, Marco Esteban, Cinnamin Cross, Amy Hutson Chatham, Samiksha A. Raut

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Over 50,000 people die annually from opioid overdoses in the United States leading to what has become known as the “opioid epidemic.” This is of heightened concern in states like Alabama that experience higher rates of overall drug use and overdose deaths. Thus, it is increasingly important for college students in Alabama to learn about how the opioid epidemic is affecting their communities. Previous studies have demonstrated that engaging non-majors in innovative active-learning oriented pedagogies like service-learning can enhance their understanding and awareness about contemporary societal issues. Despite its pedagogical potential, the impact of opioid-related service-learning, particularly for non-majors, continues …

Altered Response To Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation In Fibromyalgia: A Low-Dose, Human Experimental Endotoxemia Pilot Study, Chloe Jones, Luke Parkitny, Larissa Strath, Brant M. Wagener, Andrew Barker, Jarred Younger

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In this pilot study, a human intravenous injection of low-dose endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) model was used to test if fibromyalgia is associated with altered immune responses to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. Eight women with moderately-severe fibromyalgia and eight healthy women were administered LPS at 0.1 ng/kg in session one and 0.4 ng/kg in session two. Blood draws were collected hourly to characterize the immune response. The primary analytes of interest, leptin and fractalkine, were assayed via commercial radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, respectively. Exploratory analyses were performed on 20 secreted cytokine assays by multiplex cytokine panels, collected …

Factors Associated With Completeness In Documentation Of Diagnostic Work-Up And Treatment In Patients With Breast Cancer In Sudan, Noon I. Eltoum, Nicole E. Caston, Lily Gutnik, Mahmoud A. Alfardous Alazm, Feras O. Mohamed, Lama M. Abdalkarem, Saad A S Ali, Abrar Z. Badwani, Nicole L. Henderson, Andres Azuero, Gabrielle Rocque

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Purpose: This study evaluates the relationship between geography and ethnicity on the completeness of documentation of diagnostic work-up and treatment modalities in Sudan for patients with breast cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study used data abstracted from patients with breast cancer receiving cancer care at Sudan’s largest cancer centre (Radiation and Isotopes Center Khartoum) in 2017. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were abstracted from paper medical records. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated to evaluate complete diagnostic work-up on ethnic group, origin and residence using binomial logistic regression models.

Results: Of 237 patients, the median age was 52 (interquartile …

Hla-Dqb1*06 And Select Neighboring Hla Variants Predict Chlamydia Reinfection Risk, Kanupriya Gupta, Howard W. Wiener, Hemant K. Tiwari, William M. Geisler

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Associations of HLA class II alleles with genital chlamydial infection outcomes have been reported, especially HLA DQB1*06. However, the potential role of DQB1*06 in influencing reinfection risk has still not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the association of DQB1*06 with chlamydia reinfection was impacted by any other nearby HLA class II variants that were also associated with reinfection. We used next-generation sequencing to map HLA class II variants spanning the HLA-DQ and -DR loci. DQB1*06 as well as DQB1*04 were confirmed as significant predictors of chlamydia reinfection, when controlling for age and percent African …

Quality Matters: Nurse Staffing And Clinical Outcomes, Shea Polancich Phd, Rn, Faan, Tracey Dick Phd, Rn, Terry Poe Dnp, Rn, Rebecca Miltner Phd, Rn, Faan, Aoyjai Montgomery Phd, Bsn, Patricia Patrician Phd, Rn, Faan

School of Nursing Professional Posters

No abstract provided.

Learning Health Center Leadership Makes The Case For Quality In Reducing Hospital Acquired Pressure Injury, Shea Polanich Phd, Rn, Faan, Shannon Layton Dnp, Rn, Rebecca Miltner Phd, Rn, Faan

School of Nursing Professional Posters

No abstract provided.

Delayed Presentation Of Popliteal Artery Injury After Salter- Harris Iii Proximal Tibia Fracture, Alexandra H. Seidenstein, Timothy W. Torrez, Jacob A. Garcia, Shadi K. Awad, Henry Debell, Shawn R. Gilbert, Kevin A. Williams

APC Fund

Introduction. Proximal tibia physeal fractures in children are not very common but can be dangerous because they can harm popliteal fossa structures, especially the popliteal artery. Popliteal artery injuries (PAI) are most commonly the result of trauma to the lower extremity, including blunt force, hyperextension injuries, complex fractures, and knee dislocations that can compromise popliteal neurovascular structures. Case Presentation. A 14-year-old boy presents to the emergency department after being transferred from an outside hospital 24 hours after a left lower extremity hyperextension injury. Radiographs demonstrated a Salter-Harris III proximal tibia fracture with posterior displacement. ABIs were deferred due to palpable …

Antiviral Treatment Of Maternal And Congenital Cytomegalovirus (Cmv) Infections, Swetha Pinninti, Suresh Boppana

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Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous member of the Herpesviridae family, responsible for the most common congenital viral infection—congenital Cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection. While a majority of HCMV infections in children and adults are asymptomatic, HCMV is well known to cause severe infections in the immunocompromised individual and maternal infections with variable long-term sequelae after maternal–fetal transmission with primary or nonprimary infections. HCMV seroprevalence and cCMV incidence vary by geographic area and demographic characteristics like race and socioeconomic status. While cCMV birth prevalence ranges from 0.2% to 6% in different parts of the world, it is influenced by regional HCMV seroprevalence …

Pspa-Mediated Aggregation Protects Streptococcus Pneumoniae Against Desiccation On Fomites, Jessica R. Lane, Muralidhar Tata, Rahena Yasmin, Hansol Im, David E. Briles, Carlos J. Orihuela

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) resides in the nasopharynx where it can disseminate to cause disease. One key Spn virulence factor is pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), which promotes survival by blocking the antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin. PspA has also been shown to mediate attachment to dying epithelial cells in the lower airway due to its binding of cell surface-bound mammalian (m)GAPDH. Importantly, the role of PspA during colonization is not well understood. Wildtype Spn was present in nasal lavage elutes collected from asymptomatically colonized mice at levels ∼10-fold higher that its isogenic PspA-deficient mutant (ΔpspA). Wildtype Spn also …

The Healers: Becoming A Medical Professional In The Modern Era, John A. Soldner

Book Collection

A practical guide for aspiring physicains, pharmacists, dentists, physician assistants, and registered nurses.

Implementation Of Rapid Postcode Debrief Tool To Reduce Postcode Stress In Micu Rns: A Quality Improvement Study, Julie Capuson, Elyse Falchek, Elizabeth Harper, Nicole Kotval

School of Nursing Student Presentation Posters

Faculty Chair: Dr. Patricia Speck and Dr. Tami Long
Clinical Mentor: Geri Anne Warman
Presented: DNP Orientation UAB School of Nursing, July 2023

The Impact Of A Colonoscopy Bowel Prep Educational Video On Bowel Prep Outcomes, Tula Jefferson, Lauren Williams-Bryant

School of Nursing Student Presentation Posters

Faculty Chair: Dr. Tedra Smith
Clinical Mentor: Briana Golden
Presented: DNP Orientation UAB School of Nursing, July 2023

Diabetic Training For Nurses Through An Evidence-Based Bundle, Shanteia Beavers Bsn, Rn, Alex Bristow Bsn, Rn, Amanda Houser Bsn, Rn

School of Nursing Student Presentation Posters

Faculty Chair: Curry Bordelon
Clinical Mentor: Emily Guess
Presented: DNP Orientation UAB School of Nursing, July 2023

Decreasing Fall Rates On Unit 75 Medical-Surgical Using Revised Fall Prevention Program, Sierra M. Foster, Brooke L. Johnson, Shelby F. King, Courtney R. Morris, Cassandra A. Wheeler

School of Nursing Student Presentation Posters

Faculty Chair: Dr. Lisa Pair
Clinical Mentor: Sapheria Pollard
Presented: DNP Orientation UAB School of Nursing, July 2023

The Impact Of Self-Care Education And A Meal Voucher Incentive Program On No-Show Rates At The University Alabama At Birmingham Heart Failure Transitional Services For Adults Clinic, Lauren Lipton, Sara Monson, Jihe Park, Mary Faith Trammell

School of Nursing Student Presentation Posters

Faculty Chair: Dr. Somali Nguyen
Clinical Mentor: Dr. Connie White-Williams
Presented: DNP Orientation UAB School of Nursing, July 2023

A Focused Review Of Statistical Practices For Relating Radiation Dose-Volume Exposure And Toxicity, Andrew M. Mcdonald, Craig S. Schneider, John M. Stahl, Robert A. Oster, Richard A. Popple, Charles S. Mayo

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Purpose Relating dose-volume histogram (DVH) information to patient outcomes is critical for outcomes research in radiation oncology, but this is statistically challenging. We performed this focused review of DVH toxicity studies to characterize current statistical approaches and determine the need for updated reporting recommendations. Methods and materials We performed a focused MEDLINE search to identify studies published in 5 radiation oncology specialty journals that associated dosimetry with toxicity outcomes in humans receiving radiotherapy between 2015 and 2021. Elements abstracted from each manuscript included the study outcome, organs-at-risk (OARs) considered, DVH parameters analyzed, summary of the analytic approach, use of multivariable …

Standing In The Gap: The Academic And Professional Divide Between Health Administration And Health Policy, Steven W. Howard, Michael A. Counte, Leah J. Vriesman, Harrison D. Brink

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There are diverse types of health care systems, policies and health care organizations existing in health care delivery arrangements across the world (1). Two distinct influential groups of professionals have emerged as a result. They are: 1. Macro-level, population-oriented heath policy planners and analysts (health policy professionals–HPP) and 2. More micro-level, institutionally-oriented managers and organizational leaders and executives (health management professionals–HMP). As the old idiom goes, “one can't see the forest for the trees.” Are HPP professionals at such “altitude” that they have a clear vision of the forest, but fail to understand how things are on the …

Circadian Regulation Of Dentate Gyrus Excitability Mediated By G-Protein Signaling, Jose Carlos Gonzalez, Haeun Lee, Angela M. Vincent, Angela L. Hill, Lacy K. Goode, Gwenalyn D. King, Karen L. Gamble, Jacques I. Wadiche, Linda Overstreet-Wadiche

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The central circadian regulator within the suprachiasmatic nucleus transmits time of day information by a diurnal spiking rhythm driven by molecular clock genes controlling membrane excitability. Most brain regions, including the hippocampus, harbor similar intrinsic circadian transcriptional machinery, but whether these molecular programs generate oscillations of membrane properties is unclear. Here, we show that intrinsic excitability of mouse dentate granule neurons exhibits a 24-h oscillation that controls spiking probability. Diurnal changes in excitability are mediated by antiphase G-protein regulation of potassium and sodium currents that reduce excitability during the Light phase. Disruption of the circadian transcriptional machinery by conditional …

Effectiveness Of The Invisalign System For Deep Bite Correction, Jerry D. Spillers Iii

All ETDs from UAB

Objective: To assess the dental and skeletal changes resulting from correction of a deep bite using Invisalign (Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA).Methods: This is a retrospective case series study which analyzed pre and post treatment cephalograms for 37 adult deep bite patients. Each patient was treated by one, experi-enced clinician using the same treatment protocols. Nineteen variables, ten linear and nine angular. The Wilcoxon analysis was used to determine if there was a significant dif-ference in pre and post treatment variables. Results: Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) occurred for 14 of 19 variables. These include a decrease in Overjet (-0.97 mm), decrease in overbite (-4.07 mm), extru-sion of the upper first molar (0.47 mm), intrusion of the upper incisor (-0.67mm), extru-sion of the lower second molar (1.01 mm), lower first molar (1.20 mm), lower second premolar (1.70 mm), and lower first premolar (1.74 mm), intrusion of the lower incisor (-1.88 mm), proclination of lower incisor, (4.09 ̊), and increase in SN-MP (0.54 mm). A decrease in anterior occlusal plane (AOP) was also statistically significant. Conclusions: Invisalign is an effective treatment modality for correcting dental deep bites through posterior extrusion and anterior intrusion. Minimal skeletal changes are seen when correcting deep bites with Invisalign.

Aberrant Signal Transduction Of Neuronal Injury: Trauma And Toxicology, Alan Umfress

All ETDs from UAB

Neurological injuries occur in epidemic proportions worldwide. Neuronal injuries are events resulting in damage to the central nervous system (CNS) that impair neurological function. Subsequent impairments in neuronal function can be rapid, existing immediately after injury, or progressive and chronic impairments that persist for the lifetime of the survivor. CNS injury constitutes a broad class of environmental and pathophysiological insults ranging from blunt-force trauma to the brain or spinal cord, to acute ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, and insults resultant from neurotoxic agents. While divergent in initial cause, many of these insults share underlying pathophysiological outcomes including excitotoxic cell signaling, neuroinflammation, …

Impact Of Arthroplasty Surgery On The Local Immune Composition Of The Knee Joint And Implications For The Periprosthetic Joint Infection, Kyle H. Cichos

All ETDs from UAB

The overall risk of infection after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not improved over the past 20 years, remaining 10-40 times greater than the risk of infection of a native knee. Despite extensive research into periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), little is known about the synovial fluid immune homeostasis of the native knee joint and how TKA surgery itself impacts the local immune composition. While many postulate a role for cartilage in maintaining this immune homeostasis, the exact method in which it contributes remains elusive. Therefore, in this dissertation I have investigated the synovial fluid changes occurring in the knee joint …

Manipulation And Dependence On Host Cell Cycle By Human Rna And Dna Viruses: Human Coronavirus Oc43 And Bk Polyomavirus, Jason M. Needham

All ETDs from UAB

Cell cycle is a universal necessity of cellular life and impacts nearly every process within the cell. However, despite over one hundred years of research, there still remain questions concerning the mechanisms and regulation of eukaryotic cell cycle. From the beginning, viruses have informed our knowledge of cell cycle. Many key regulators such as the E2F transcription factors, Src kinase, and p53 were originally discovered while studying the interactions between viruses and the cell. Herein, we continue the investigation of viral interactions with cell cycle machinery by researching an RNA virus and a DNA virus. These viruses, human coronavirus OC43 …

Comparison Of Crown Fracture And Wear Resistence Of Resin 3d Printed Permanent Crown And Other Restorative Materials, Victor Moncada

All ETDs from UAB

Statement of Problem: The resin for 3D printing permanent crowns is a recently approved material with limited literature evidence to support its in vitro properties. Comparing the mechanical properties such as fracture load (N) and wear resistance for 3D printing permanent restorations resins would represent a very good reference to consider future clinical decisions. Purpose: To investigate the fracture load (N) and wear resistance of the resins for 3D printing permanent crowns available in the U.S. dental market and to compare amongst them using lithium disilicate as a reference. Materials and Methods: for the crown fracture test, the experimental design …

The Molecular And Structural Basis Of B Cell Epitope Targeting In Transplant Rejection, John T. Killian Jr

All ETDs from UAB

HLA-reactive antibodies (HLA-Abs) to mismatched polymorphic HLA molecules are one of the major barriers to successful organ transplantation. However, key knowledge gaps remain surrounding the immunology of the anti-HLA B cell response in transplant rejection. This lack of understanding regarding the phenotype and specificity of the anti- HLA B cell response means that the field cannot develop optimal therapies to treat B-cell mediated donor-specific responses and that it lacks the tools to optimally match donors and recipients to prevent rejection events. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to explore the clinical factors associated with the formation of donor-specific antibodies and the molecular …

Lateral Ridge Augmentation Using Allograft Bone Particles Hydrated With Or Without Recombinant Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor: A Clinical And Histological Randomized Controlled Trial, Lauren Miele

All ETDs from UAB

Lateral ridge augmentation is a common procedure to increase the width of bone in preparation for a dental implant. A certain thickness of bone is necessary for implant health, making ridge augmentation procedures necessary for many patients. Research into the use of growth factors in ridge augmentation is ongoing, but few studies have examined the use of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor homodimer (rhPDGF-BB) in ridge augmentation. This study examines histologic, clinical, and patient reported outcomes when horizontal ridge augmentation is completed using freeze dried bone allograft hydrated in rhPDGF-BB or saline and a resorbable crosslinked collagen membrane. Histologic results …

The Influence Of A Low Glycemic Load Diet On Appetite In Women With Pcos, Sarah Et Hoover

All ETDs from UAB

Dysregulated appetite may contribute to weight gain and high prevalence of comorbid obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet dietary recommendations to promote satiety and facilitate weight maintenance in this population remain scarce. The objective of this dissertation was to determine if women with PCOS have alterations in appetite-regulating hormones that can be manipulated by low glycemic load diet habituation to improve satiety. This was tested by secondary analyses of two randomized controlled dietary intervention trials in women with and without PCOS. First, we explored differences in women with and without PCOS during a standardized liquid meal test …

Neural-Glial-Vascular Interactions In Human Outer Retina, Deepayan Kar

All ETDs from UAB

The outer retinal metabolic ecosystem is a complex interplay among photoreceptors, RPE and blood supply from the retinal and choroidal microcirculation. Breakdown of any component of this ecosystem has detrimental effects and can lead to cellular dysfunction. For example, in age-related macular degeneration a major cause of vision loss in older adults, breakdown of this metabolic unit has severe structural and functional implications. Thus, every feature and component of this ecosystem seems to be optimized to protect non-replicating, terminally differentiated cells from being damaged. Remarkably, much of the cellular and subcellular organization of this system is available for observation in …