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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Oral Contraceptives And Skin Cancer: Is There A Link?, Kimberly Leslie, E. Espey
Oral Contraceptives And Skin Cancer: Is There A Link?, Kimberly Leslie, E. Espey
Kimberly K. Leslie
The skin expresses estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors. In the presence of steroid hormones, such as those contained in oral contraceptives, the skin likely responds to hormonal signals that control the cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA replication, and other cellular functions. Some estrogen-responsive pathways have the potential to promote tumor development, including the augmentation of epidermal growth factor signaling, the expression of proto-oncogenes, and inhibition of apoptosis. The question of whether oral contraceptives increase the risk for the development of skin cancer, particularly melanoma, is still an area of concern. This paper reviews the available evidence, the bulk of which suggests …
Breast Cancer And Pregnancy, Kimberly Leslie, C. Lange
Breast Cancer And Pregnancy, Kimberly Leslie, C. Lange
Kimberly K. Leslie
This article addresses a challenging diagnostic and treatment dilemma encountered in the care of pregnant women-breast cancer. The treatment of a breast cancer is significantly affected by an ongoing pregnancy and may result in an increased risk for a poor outcome in the mother. The definition, incidence, mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer associated with pregnancy and the normal physiologic and endocrine changes in the breast during pregnancy that contribute to the difficulty encountered by practitioners in diagnosing and treating the disorder are reviewed. The risks associated with pregnancy after breast cancer treatment and the effect of pregnancy on …