Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Latina Adolescent Outreach Project, Susan C. Scwartz, Claudia Guerra, Julianna Deardorff, Janice Barlow

Susan C. Schwartz

• To culturally adapt and translate into Spanish three components of the Breast Cancer and Environment – Peer Education Tool Kit (2006) for Marin County Latina adolescents: Top Twelve Messages, Teen Brochure, and Personal Action Plan

• To disseminate the adapted, translated materials to high school health educators and community organizations

Adolescent Breast Cancer Prevention, Risk Reduction And Education Project, Susan C. Schwartz, Janice Barlow

Susan C. Schwartz

The Adolescent Breast Cancer Prevention, Risk Reduction and Education Project was developed in 2003 in recognition of the growing scientific evidence that early life events play an important role in the development of breast cancer and the onset of puberty is thought to be a key seventy influencing subsequent breast cancer risk.

Breast Cancer And Environment Peer Education Tool Kit -- Community Action Panel, Susan C. Schwartz

Susan C. Schwartz

The Breast Cancer and Environment Peer Education Tool Kit culminates three years of dedicated effort by the Zero Breast Cancer leadership and staff, community partners and advisors, and peer education specialists in the San Francisco Bay Area. The teen breast cancer risk awareness curriculum tools that Zero Breast Cancer is making available to the broader community evolved from a formative community assessment to address the need for ageappropriate teen breast cancer outreach education in a community known for high breast cancer incidence.

The impetus to develop this program has been threefold: 1) to disseminate knowledge back to the community that …

Couple And Family Therapy With Five Physical Rehabilitation Populations: A Scoping Review, Robert Allan, Michael Ungar

Robert Allan

This article provides a scoping review with a focus on the substantive and methodological issues of the research pertaining to couple and family therapy (CFT) with five physical medical rehabilitation populations. We searched for literature concerned with five populations: spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury and amputations. A detailed review of CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases identified 14 publications that researched couple/family therapy interventions with these populations. We synthesised the data by outlining and charting the substantive and methodological issues with this research. Findings suggest that individuals who have sustained an injury or are diagnosed with an …

In Adult Patients With Unilateral Stroke, Is Distributed Constraint-Induced Therapy Or Bilateral Arm Training More Effective In Improving Upper Extremity Motor And Functional Outcomes Compared With A Routine Approach?, Courtney Beyer, Christine Kim, Janice Li, Angelica Soltis, Kitsum Li

Kitsum Li

In Older Adult Hispanic Women With Osteoarthritis, Are Occupation-Based Intervention Activities Coupled With Enabling And Preparatory Activities More Effective Than Social Interaction In Improving Perceived Performance, Satisfaction, Participation, And Self-Efficacy In Activities Of Daily Living?, Jennifer Borcich, Erin Sheehy, Kitsum Li

Kitsum Li

An Improved Murine Femur Fracture Device For Bone Healing Studies, Joseph Marturano, Benjamin Cleveland, Melissa Bryne, Shannon O'Connell, John Wixted, Kristen Billiar

Kristen L. Billiar

Murine models are commonly used to investigate bone healing and test new treatments before human trials. Our objective was to design an improved murine femur fracture device and determine optimal mass and velocity settings for maximal likelihood of transverse fracture. Fracture reproducibility was maximized using an adjustable kinetic energy level, a novel mouse positioning system and an electromagnet striker release assembly. Sixty wild-type mice of 8-12-week-old male and female with a weight of 26.4+/-6.1g were subjected to an experimental postmortem fracture in the left and right femur (n=120) using variable kinetic energy inputs. A best-fit prediction equation for transverse fracture …

Acute Effects Of Whole-Body Vibration On Lower Extremity Muscle Performance In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Kurt Jackson, Harold Merriman, Paul Vanderburgh, C. Brahler

C. Jayne Brahler

Background and Purpose: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a relatively new form of exercise training that may influence muscle performance. This study investigated the acute effects of high (26 Hz) and low (2 Hz) frequency WBV on isometric muscle torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Participants and Method: Fifteen individuals (mean age = 54.6 years, SD = 9.6) with MS and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ranging from 0-6.5 (mean = 4.2, SD = 2.3) participated in this randomized cross-over study. Following baseline measures of isometric quadricep and hamstring torque, subjects were exposed to …

Biomechanical Investigation Of A Novel Ratcheting Arthrodesis Nail, Jeremy Mccormick, Xinning Li, Douglas Weiss, Kristen Billiar, John Wixted

Kristen L. Billiar

BACKGROUND: Knee or tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is a salvage procedure, often with unacceptable rates of nonunion. Basic science of fracture healing suggests that compression across a fusion site may decrease nonunion. A novel ratcheting arthrodesis nail designed to improve dynamic compression is mechanically tested in comparison to existing nails. METHODS: A novel ratcheting nail was designed and mechanically tested in comparison to a solid nail and a threaded nail using sawbones models (Pacific Research Laboratories, Inc.). Intramedullary nails (IM) were implanted with a load cell (Futek LTH 500) between fusion surfaces. Constructs were then placed into a servo-hydraulic test frame (Model …

Sedentary Behavior And Related Factors Among Full-Time, University Faculty, Anna Greer, Mary Keenan

Anna E. Greer

Purpose– Sedentary behavior, independent of physical activity, is a risk factor for both morbidity and mortality. Little is known about factors related to sedentary behavior. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between sedentary behavior and the demographic characteristics, perceived physical activity (PA) environment, and PA behaviors of 72 full-time, university faculty members. Design/methodology/approach– For this cross-sectional study, data were collected online using Survey Monkey®. Findings– Participants spent an average of 473 and 328 minutes/weekend day in sedentary activity. There was a positive correlation between minutes spent in vigorous PA and minutes spent sedentary while watching TV …

Assistive Technology Enhancement Of Written Expression For Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Laura Hess, Kerrie Lemons Chitwood, Susan Harris

Laura Greiss Hess

This study involves the use of computer software to assess the use of assistive technology (AT) in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. We will present an update of the subjects in the study, including research issues, subject diagnoses and diagnostic trends as assessed through baseline and follow-up testing.

Assistive Technology Enhancement Of Written Expression For Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders [Poster], Laura Hess, Kerrie Lemons Chitwood, Susan Harris

Laura Greiss Hess

The purpose of this project is to carry out an intensive training program in subjects with a broad range of neurodevelopmental disabilities to assess the efficacy of assistive technology (AT) intervention.

Ot, Slp, At & The Iep…Making Sense Of The Alphabet Soup, Laura Greiss Hess, Kerrie Lemons Chitwood

Laura Greiss Hess

A Systematic Review Of The Impact Of Powered Mobility Devices On Older Adults’ Activity Engagement, R Formiatti, L Moir, Janet Richmond, J Millsteed

Janet E Richmond PhD

Purpose: To systematically review the impact powered mobility devices have on engagement in independent occupations for adults with acquired mobility limitations. Method: Electronic search of CINAHL Plus, Medline, PsychInfo, OT Seeker, Joanna Briggs Institute, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Search terms included combinations of words to encompass all terms most likely used for powered mobility. Results: Eleven studies were eligible for inclusion. One study was a true experimental design; four studies were pre-experimental, and six were nonexperimental. Studies indicated positive improvements to occupational engagement and independence while environmental barriers were identified as negatively impacting occupation and increasing risk of injury or …

Travel To, And Use Of, Twenty-One Michigan Trails, Anna Greer, Julian Reed, Lisa Grost, Christina Harvey, Karah Mantinan

Anna E. Greer

Objective and methods: This study examined trail use among 857 trail users on 21 trails in Michigan from 2008 to 2011 using a valid and reliable intercept survey. Results: Most of the 857 participants traveled to the trail from their home (92.6%), lived within 15 min of the trails (74.8%), and used active transport to travel to the trails 69.7%. The odds of active transport to the trails were greater among those who had not graduated high school (OR=3.49; 95% CI=1.02, 11.99) and high school graduates (OR=7.432; 95% CI=2.02, 27.30) compared to college graduates. Whites and adults also had greater …

Trail User Demographics, Physical Activity Behaviors, And Perceptions Of A Newly Constructed Greenway Trail, Anna Greer, Julian Reed, Suresh Muthukrishnan

Anna E. Greer

To better understand and promote physical activity on a newly constructed trail, the present study examined the demographic characteristics and physical activity behaviors of trail users; the demographic characteristics of trail users compared to the demographic profile Greenville County, South Carolina residents; trail users’ purpose for using the trail; the distance trail users traveled to access the trail from their homes; channels through which trail users learned about the trail; and trail characteristics liked by trail users. Using a valid and reliable intercept survey, 1,148 trail users were interviewed. Trail users were mostly white (93.1%), male (59.1%) adults (84.2%) who …

Concussion Awareness: Getting School Psychologists Into The Game, Susan Davies

Susan C. Davies

Concussions have been called a "silent epidemic" because symptoms can be subtle and covert (Langolis, Rutland–Brown,& Thomas, 2006). However, several high–profile concussion cases involving professional athletes have turned media attention to concussions. Those stories, coupled with stories on the more than 300,000 troops who have sustained concussions during recent combat (Hoge, Goldberg,& Castro, 2009), have helped to increase our awareness of the potential impact of concussions. However, in the sports world, it is not just NFL football players sustaining concussions: It is school–age athletes knocking heads in soccer, knocking helmets in hockey, getting slammed to the mat in wrestling, and …

Concussions: Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries That Can Occur On And Off The Field, Susan Davies

Susan C. Davies

No abstract provided.

Parent Perceptions Of School-Based Support For Students With Traumatic Brain Injuries, Susan Davies, Shari Wade, Michelle Wu

Susan C. Davies

Primary objective: To determine whether parents believe schools provided necessary support to their children who sustained traumatic brain injuries. Research design: Interview, to determine parent perceptions Methods and procedure: Sixty-six primary caregivers of school-age children who experienced a TBI within the previous 2 years were interviewed regarding what types of special support were needed by and provided for their children during the 3 months immediately following school reentry. They then rated how difficult it was to obtain support or services from the school and how satisfied they were with the support or services. Main outcomes and results: The majority of …

Sex Differences In Response To Cognitive Stress During A Fatiguing Contraction, Tejin Yoon, Manda Keller, Bonnie Schlinder-Delap, April Harkins, Romuald Lepers, Sandra Hunter

Bonnie A Schlinder-Delap Mrs.

This study compared the time to task failure for a submaximal fatiguing contraction in the presence and absence of a cognitive stressor in men and women. In study 1, 10 men and 10 women (22 ± 3 yr of age) performed an isometric fatiguing contraction at 20% maximal voluntary contraction force until task failure with the elbow flexor muscles during two separate sessions. Subjects performed a mental-math task during one of the fatiguing contractions that aimed to increase anxiety and stress (stressor session). Salivary cortisol and reported levels of arousal (visual analog scale for anxiety, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores) …

Suprasinal Fatigue Impedes Recovery From A Low-Intensity Sustained Contraction In Old Adults, Tejin Yoon, Bonnie Schlinder-Delap, Manda Keller, Sandra Hunter

Bonnie A Schlinder-Delap Mrs.

This study determined the contribution of supraspinal fatigue and contractile properties to the age difference in neuromuscular fatigue during and recovery from a low-intensity sustained contraction. Cortical stimulation was used to evoke measures of voluntary activation and muscle relaxation during and after a contraction sustained at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until task failure with elbow flexor muscles in 14 young adults (20.9 ± 3.6 years, 7 men) and 14 old adults (71.6 ± 5.4 years, 7 men). Old adults exhibited a longer time to task failure than the young adults (23.8 ± 9.0 min vs. 11.5 ± 3.9 …

Supraspinal Fatigue Impedes Recovery From A Low-Intensity Sustained Contraction In Old Adults, Tejin Yoon, Bonnie Schlinder-Delap, Manda Keller, Sandra Hunter

Bonnie A Schlinder-Delap Mrs.

This study determined the contribution of supraspinal fatigue and contractile properties to the age difference in neuromuscular fatigue during and recovery from a low-intensity sustained contraction. Cortical stimulation was used to evoke measures of voluntary activation and muscle relaxation during and after a contraction sustained at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until task failure with elbow flexor muscles in 14 young adults (20.9 ± 3.6 yr, 7 men) and 14 old adults (71.6 ± 5.4 yr, 7 men). Old adults exhibited a longer time to task failure than the young adults (23.8 ± 9.0 vs. 11.5 ± 3.9 min, …

Body Mass Bias In Exercise Physiology, Paul Vanderburgh

Paul M. Vanderburgh

In certain physically demanding occupations, especially the military, body mass bias has substantive implications. Work physiologists have determined that despite body mass bias in the common military physical fitness tests, the larger service members were often better performers of the physically demanding occupational tasks (Bilzon et al., 2002; Lyons et al., 2005; Rayson et al., 2000). That is, they could carry more, more easily evacuate casualties, and better engage in heavy materiel handling. Yet, the smaller personnel were achieving better scores on the physical fitness tests, the results of which have significant promotion and advancement implications (Vanderburgh & Mahar , …

Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire, Manraj Kaur, Saurabh Mehta

Saurabh Mehta

The Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire (CPGQ) is a seven item instrument designed to evaluate overall severity of chronic pain based on two dimensions, pain intensity and pain-related disability, in individuals who suffer from chronic pain that has lasted for at least six months. The notion of graded classification of chronic pain severity was derived from the dysfunctional chronic pain concept provided by Turk and Rudy (1988). The two disability items were adopted from the Multidimensional Pain inventory (Von Korff et al 1992).

Enhanced Proprioceptive Acuity At The Knee In The Competitive Athlete, Carol Courtney, Rose Rine, Drew Jenk, P. Collier, Andrew Waters

Rose Marie Rine P.T., Ph.D.

STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study: cross-sectional.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if proprioception, measured by the threshold to detection of passive motion (TDPM), differed in individuals who regularly participate in moderate-intensity exercise for fitness as compared to individuals involved in high-intensity skilled exercise.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has been equivocal as to whether exercise training is associated with superior proprioceptive acuity, in particular, exercise that includes dynamic postural challenges such as cutting and pivoting.

METHODS: Two groups of 25 healthy individuals (18-32 years old) were recruited. One group consisted of individuals who performed moderate-activity level exercises for 5 to 10 hours per …

Vestibular Function Assessment Using The Nih Toolbox, Rose Rine, Michael Schubert, Susan Whitney, Dale Roberts, Mark Redfern, Mark Musolino, Jennica Roche, Daniel Steed, Bree Corbin, Chia-Cheng Lin, Greg Marchetti, Jennifer Beaumont, John Carey, Neil Shepard, Gary Jacobson, Diane Wrisley, Howard Hoffman, Gabriel Furman, Jerry Slotkin

Rose Marie Rine P.T., Ph.D.

Objective: Development of an easy to administer, low-cost test of vestibular function. Methods: Members of the NIH Toolbox Sensory Domain Vestibular, Vision, and Motor subdomain teams collaborated to identify 2 tests: 1) Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA), and 2) the Balance Accelerometry Measure (BAM). Extensive work was completed to identify and develop appropriate software and hardware. More than 300 subjects between the ages of 3 and 85 years, with and without vestibular dysfunction, were recruited and tested. Currently accepted gold standard measures of static visual acuity, vestibular function, dynamic visual acuity, and balance were performed to determine validity. Repeat testing was …

Motor Assessment Using The Nih Toolbox, David Reuben, Susan Magasi, Heather Mccreath, Richard Bohannon, Ying-Chih Wang, Deborah Bubela, William Rymer, Jennifer Beaumont, Rose Rine, Jin-Shei Lai, Richard Gershon

Rose Marie Rine P.T., Ph.D.

Motor function involves complex physiologic processes and requires the integration of multiple systems, including neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and cardiopulmonary, and neural motor and sensory-perceptual systems. Motor-functional status is indicative of current physical health status, burden of disease, and long-term health outcomes, and is integrally related to daily functioning and quality of life. Given its importance to overall neurologic health and function, motor function was identified as a key domain for inclusion in the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIH Toolbox). We engaged in a 3-stage developmental process to: 1) identify key subdomains and candidate measures for inclusion …

Evidence Of Progressive Delay Of Motor Development In Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss And Concurrent Vestibular Dysfunction, Rose Rine, Gabrielle Cornwall, Karen Gan, Christian Locascio, Todd O'Hare, Emily Robinson, Michele Rice

Rose Marie Rine P.T., Ph.D.

Gross motor development, and the effect of age, sex and vestibular function on it, was examined in 39 24- to 83-mo.-old children with sensorineural hearing impairment. Repeated testing was completed on 18 children. Delayed gross motor development was evident regardless of age, but only children less than 5 years of age had developmental balance deficits on initial testing. Both gross motor and balance development scores were lower on repeated testing. Furthermore, vestibular function scores facilitated identification of those children with a deficit in balance development as well as those with a progressive delay in motor or balance development. Implications for …

Student Research: Study Into Scooter Use, Overste, L Moir, Janet Richmond, J Millsteed

Janet E Richmond PhD

Motorised mobility scooters (“scooters”) enable people with mobility difficulties to engage in community participation; however scooter use has lead to many accidents resulting in injury or death to the user and bystanders. At present there are few assessments available to screen people for scooter use. Additionally, formal assessment is not required prior to commencement of scooter use. The aim of the research study was to identify the performance skills required for safe use of scooters in the community, and to identify if a difference exists in skills required for three-wheeled and four-wheeled models of scooters.

The Relationship Between A Teacher Check List And Standardised Tests For Visual Perception Skills: A South African Remedial Primary School Perspective, Janet Richmond, K Holland

Janet E Richmond PhD

Occupational therapy in remedial education settings has been questioned by the South African Government as they see occupational therapy as a costly service and thus has challenged occupational therapy clinicians’ approach to assessment. This study was undertaken to establish whether the results of standardised tests of visual perception skills, relate to teachers’ observations in respect of primary remedial school age children (six to eleven years) attending a short term remedial school because of low scholastic achievement despite having average or above intellectual ability. The Test of Visual Perceptual Skills – Revised, the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2, the Jordan Left-Right …