Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Enzootic Raccoon Rabies Adjusted For Multiple Covariates, Sergio Recuenco, Millicent Eidson, Martin Kulldorff, Glen Johnson, Bryan Cherry

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Background: With the objective of identifying spatial and temporal patterns of enzootic raccoon variant rabies, a spatial scan statistic was utilized to search for significant terrestrial rabies clusters by year in New York State in 1997–2003. Cluster analyses were unadjusted for other factors, adjusted for covariates, and adjusted for covariates and large scale geographic variation (LSGV). Adjustments were intended to identify the unusual aggregations of cases given the expected distribution based on the observed locations.

Results: Statistically significant clusters were identified particularly in the Albany, Finger Lakes, and South Hudson areas. The clusters were generally persistent in the Albany area, …

Potential Cost Savings With Terrestrial Rabies Control, Sergio Recuenco, Bryan Cherry, Millicent Eidson

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Background: The cost-benefit of raccoon rabies control strategies such as oral rabies vaccination (ORV) are under evaluation. As an initial quantification of the potential cost savings for a control program, the collection of selected rabies cost data was pilot tested for five counties in New York State (NYS) in a three-year period.

Methods: Rabies costs reported to NYS from the study counties were computerized and linked to a human rabies exposure database. Consolidated costs by county and year were averaged and compared.

Results: Reported rabies-associated costs for all rabies variants totalled $2.1 million, for human rabies postexposure prophylaxes (PEP) (90.9%), …

Risk Factors Of Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasite Infections In Small Ruminants Kept In Smallholder Mixed Farms In Kenya., Agricola Odoi, J M. Gathuma, C K. Gachuiri, A Omore

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

BACKGROUND: Helminth infections in small ruminants are serious problems in the developing world, particularly where nutrition and sanitation are poor. This study investigated the burden and risk factors of gastrointestinal nematode parasite infections in sheep and goats kept in smallholder mixed farms in the Kenyan Central Highlands. Three hundred and seven small ruminants were sampled from 66 smallholder mixed farms in agro-ecological zones 1 (humid) and 3 (semi-humid) in the Kenyan Central highlands. The farms were visited once a month for eight months during which a health and production survey questionnaire was administered. Fecal samples were collected at each visit …

The Infected Cell Protein 0 Encoded By Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (Bicp0) Induces Degradation Of Interferon Response Factor 3 And, Consequently, Inhibits Beta Interferon Promoter Activity, Kazima Saira, You Zhou, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The ICP0 protein (bICP0) encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 is the major viral regulatory protein because it stimulates all viral promoters and, consequently, productive infection. Like other ICP0 analogues encoded by Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members, bICP0 contains a zinc RING finger near its amino terminus that is necessary for activating transcription, regulating subcellular localization, and inhibiting interferon-dependent transcription. In this study, we discovered that sequences near the C terminus, and the zinc RING finger, are necessary for inhibiting the human beta interferon (IFN- β) promoter. In contrast to herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded ICP0, bICP0 reduces interferon response factor 3 (IRF3), …

Animal Health Matters, David H. Zeman

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

Head/Director's Message [Page] 1- Specimens in| Results out Diagnostic News [Page] 1- BVD Tests Available at SDSU ADRDL [Page] 3- The Scoop on Scoops [Page] 3- Top Ten Tips for Submissions to the Olson Biochemistry Lab [Page] 3- Holiday Hours [Page] 4- New DOT Shipping Regulations in Effect Research News [Page] 4- Research Spotlight: Dr. Philip Hardwidge Extension News [Page] 6- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Veterinary Personnel [Page] 6- Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Associated with Pet Rodents [Page] 6- Pieces and Parts [Page] 7- Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia – Emerging Fish Disease [Page] 8- Calendar of Events

Localization Of Period 1 Mrna In The Ruminant Oocyte And Investigations Of Its Role In Ovarian Function, R. A. Cushman, M. F. Allan, S. A. Jones, Gary P. Rupp, S. E. Echternkamp

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The clock gene Period 1 (Per1) may be a prolificacy gene, because it localized to the mouse oocyte and Per1-null drosophila shed fewer eggs. Because Per1 mapped to a region of mouse chromosome 11 syntenic to bovine chromosome 19 where a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ovulation rate existed, we hypothesized that Per1 influenced folliculogenesis and ovulation rate in ruminants. Ovarian cortex was collected at slaughter on days 5, 12, 15, 17, and 20 after estrus for real-time RT-PCR evaluation of Per1mRNAexpression in Dorset (n = 18), Romanov (n = 10), Romanov/Dorset (n = 21), and Composite …

Development Of A Mechanistic Model To Represent The Dynamics Of Liquid Flow Out Of The Rumen And To Predict The Rate Of Passage Of Liquid In Dairy Cattle, S Seo, Cristina Lanzas, L O. Tedeschi, D G. Fox

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

A mechanistic and dynamic model was developed to represent the physiological aspects of liquid dynamics in the rumen and to quantitatively predict liquid flow out of the reticulorumen (RR). The model is composed of 2 inflows (water consumption and salivary secretion), one outflow (liquid flow through the reticulo-omasal orifice (ROO), and one in-and-out flow (liquid flux through the rumen wall). We assumed that liquid flow through the ROO was coordinated with the primary reticular contraction, which is characterized by its frequency, duration, and amplitude during eating, ruminating, and resting. A database was developed to predict each component of the model. …

The Effect Of Cpg-Odn On Antigen Presenting Cells Of The Foal, M. Julia B.F. Flaminio, Alexandre S. Borges, Daryl V. Nydam, David W. Horohov, Rolf Hecker, Mary Beth Matychak

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) has been used successfully to induce immune responses against viral and intracellular organisms in mammals. The main objective of this study was to test the effect of CpG-ODN on antigen presenting cells of young foals.

METHODS: Peripheral blood monocytes of foals (n = 7) were isolated in the first day of life and monthly thereafter up to 3 months of life. Adult horse (n = 7) monocytes were isolated and tested once for comparison. Isolated monocytes were stimulated with IL-4 and GM-CSF (to obtain dendritic cells, DC) or not stimulated (to obtain macrophages). Macrophages and DCs …

Evaluation Of Protein Fractionation Systems Used In Formulating Rations For Dairy Cattle, Cristina Lanzas, S Seo, L O. Tedeschi, D G. Fox

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

Production efficiency decreases when diets are not properly balanced for protein. Sensitivity analyses of the protein fractionation schemes used by the National Research Council Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle (NRC) and the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) were conducted to assess the influence of the uncertainty in feed inputs and the assumptions underlying the CNCPS scheme on metabolizable protein and amino acid predictions. Monte Carlo techniques were used. Two lactating dairy cow diets with low and high protein content were developed for the analysis. A feed database provided by a commercial laboratory and published sources were used to …

Snai2 Expression Enhances Uvr-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis. Newkirk K, Parent A, Fossey S, Choi C, Chandler H Rajala-Schultz P, Kusewitt D., Kim M. Newkirk

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

No abstract provided.

Digestion Kinetics Of Dried Cereal Grains, Cristina Lanzas, A N. Pell, D G. Fox

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

Grain fermentability largely determines the feed value of grains for ruminants. Our objective was to evaluate the variation in kinetics of gas production of cereal grains and the relationship among gas production, chemical composition and feed value. Eighteen barley, 99 corn, 23 sorghum, and 57 wheat samples were fermented in vitro for 48 h. Gas production was measured with a computerized system and an exponential model was fitted to the data. The impact of the variation in composition and kinetics on the feed value of grains in feedlot rations was assessed with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). …

Habit Winter 2007, Department Of Comparative Medicine, College Of Veterinary Medicine

HABIT Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: 2007 Activities Report

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is close to being eradicated in the United States, but still poses a significant risk to domestic livestock, wildlife, companion animals, and humans throughout the world. The Michigan Bovine TB Eradication Project involves a multi-agency team of experts from the Michigan departments of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Community Health, Michigan State University, and the US Department of Agriculture.

Managing Bovine Tuberculosis In White-Tailed Deer In Northwestern Minnesota: A 2007 Progress Report, Michelle Carstensen, David Pauly, Michael Doncarlos, Lou Cornicelli

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB), first discovered in 2005, has now been found in 11 cattle operations in northwestern Minnesota. To date, all of the infected cattle herds have been depopulated and the Board of Animal Health (BAH) has continued an investigation of herds in the area as well as conducted a statewide surveillance effort. The strain has been identified as one that is consistent with bovine TB found in cattle in the southwestern United States and Mexico. In November 2007, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) conducted bovine TB surveillance of hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) within a …

Research Strategies To Reduce Bovine Tuberculosis Transmission From Wildlife To Cattle, Are R. Brentensen, Mike R. Dunbar, Robert G. Mclean

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobaterium bovis, and is transmissible to humans, wildlife and domestic livestock. In the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) serve as a reservoir for the disease and pose a significant threat to domestic cattle and captive cervids. Scientists at USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center have designed a variety of laboratory and field studies aimed at reducing or eliminating bTB infection in cattle by interrupting the transmission of the disease from wildlife reservoirs. These strategies include reducing bTB in deer by delivery of …

Risk Factors Associated With The Prevalence Of Tuberculosis-Like Lesions In Fenced Wild Boar And Red Deer In South Central Spain, Joaquin Vicente, Ursula Hofle, Joseba M. Garrido, Isabel G. Fernandez-De-Mera, Pelayo Acevedo, Ramon Juste, Marta Barral, Christian Gortazar

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

In recent decades the management of large game mammals has become increasingly intensive in south central Spain (SCS), resulting in complex epidemiological scenarios for disease maintenance, and has probably impeded schemes to eradicate tuberculosis (TB) in domestic livestock. We conducted an analysis of risk factors which investigated associations between the pattern of tuberculosis-like lesions (TBL) in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) across 19 hunting estates from SCS and an extensive set of variables related to game management, land use and habitat structure. The aggregation of wild boar at artificial watering sites was …

The Human/Animal Interface: Emergence And Resurgence Of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Michael Greger

Transgenesis Collection

Emerging infectious diseases, most of which are considered zoonotic in origin, continue to exact a significant toll on society. The origins of major human infectious diseases are reviewed and the factors underlying disease emergence explored. Anthropogenic changes, largely in land use and agriculture, are implicated in the apparent increased frequency of emergence and reemergence of zoonoses in recent decades. Special emphasis is placed on the pathogen with likely the greatest zoonotic potential, influenzavirus A.

Their Bugs Are Worse Than Their Bite: Emerging Infectious Disease And The Human-Animal Interface, Michael Greger

State of the Animals 2007

In the twenty-five years since that announcement, what we now know as AIDS has killed 20 million people (National AIDS Trust 2005). Where did the AIDS virus— and other emerging diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola, mad cow— come from?

Research Strategies Of The National Wildlife Research Center To Control Bovine Tuberculosis In Wildlife In Michigan, Usa, A. R. Berentsen, M. R. Dunbary, R. G. Mclean

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobaterium bovis and is transmissible to humans, wildlife, and domestic livestock. In the United Kingdom, the suspected wildlife reservoir of bTB is the badger (Meles meles) (HUTCHINGS and HARRIS, 1997), and in New Zealand, the culprit is the brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) (MORRIS et al., 1994). In northern Michigan, USA, bovine tuberculosis is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). In 1975 a hunter-killed white-tailed deer in Alpena County, Michigan, USA, was tested positive for bTB. Subsequent surveillance by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) …

Vaccination Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) With Mycobacterium Bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin, M. V. Palmer, T. C. Thacker, W. R. Waters

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis represent serious obstacles to the eradication of tuberculosis in domestic livestock. In Michigan, USA tuberculous white-tailed deer transmit M. bovis to cattle. One approach in dealing with this wildlife reservoir is to vaccinate deer in order to interrupt the cycle of deer to deer and deer to cattle transmission. Thirty-one white-tailed deer were assigned to one of three groups; 2 SC doses of 10⁷ CFU of M. bovis BCG (n = 11); 1 SC dose of 10⁷ CFU of M. bovis BCG (n = 10); or unvaccinated deer (n = 10). …

South Dakota Animal Disease Research And Diagnostic Laboratory: Annual Report 2007, Animal Disease Research And Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ADRDL)

This document is the 2007 annual report of the South Dakota Veterinary and Biomedical Science Department Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory.

Volume 5, Number 2 (2007), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• Diversifying Research

A Revised Cncps Feed Carbohydrate Fractionation Scheme For Formulating Rations For Ruminants, Cristina Lanzas, C J. Sniffen, S Seo, L O. Tedeschi, D G. Fox

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

Balancing ruminant diets for appropriate levels and types of dietary carbohydrates (CHO) is necessary to maximize production while assuring the health of the animals. Several feed fractions (i.e., volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate, sugars, starch) are now being measured in some commercial feed laboratories and this information may assist in better formulating diets. A CHO fractionation scheme based on ruminal degradation characteristics needed for nutritional models is described and its impact on predictions with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) is assessed. Dietary CHO are divided into eight fractions: the CA1 is volatile fatty acids (VFA), CA2 is …

Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Induces Corneal Degeneration In 129 Mice, Kim M. Newkirk

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

No abstract provided.

Ultraviolet Radiation Stimulates Expression Of Snail Family Transcription Factors In Keratinocytes., Kim M. Newkirk

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

No abstract provided.

Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Induces Corneal Degeneration In 129 Mice. Newkirk K, Chandler H, Parent A, Young D, Colitz C, Wilkie D, Kusewitt D, Kim M. Newkirk

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

No abstract provided.

Uveal Spindle Cell Tumor Of Blue-Eyed Dogs: An Immunohistochemical Study. Zarfoss M, Klauss G, Newkirk K, Kiupel M, Jones Y, Colitz C, Weisbrode S, Kusewitt D, Dubielzig R., Kim M. Newkirk

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

No abstract provided.

Ultraviolet Radiation Stimulates Expression Of Snail Family Transcription Factors In Keratinocytes. Hudson L, Choi C, Newkirk K, Parkhani J, Cooper K, Lu P, Kusewitt D, Kim M. Newkirk

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

No abstract provided.

An Hsus Report: Human Health Implications Of U.S. Live Bird Markets In The Spread Of Avian Influenza, The Humane Society Of The United States

Impact of Animal Agriculture

After millions of years of existing as a harmless infection of aquatic birds, some strains of avian flu have developed the ability to mutate into highly pathogenic forms that may not only be deadly for birds, but potentially more dangerous for humans as well. Experts from the World Health Organization, the World Organization for Animal Health, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations have joined leading scientists in implicating industrialized poultry production for providing fertile ground for the transformation of benign bird flu into highly pathogenic strains.

Live bird markets can be the conduit by which waterfowl …

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences 2007 Annual Report

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department: Information and History

The first class of twenty· five Nebraska students began their DVM degree program at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The new program provides for students from Nebraska to complete their first two years of the professional school at UNL. The second two years of training will be completed at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University. Under the agreement, the students will pay Iowa State resident tuition rates all four years.

To prepare for the new program, an anatomy teaching laboratory, classroom and microbiology laboratory were develop by renovating space in the Animal Science Complex. New faculty members hired to …