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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Tuberculin Skin Testing In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple, W. Ray Waters
Tuberculin Skin Testing In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple, W. Ray Waters
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
The comparative cervical skin test for antemortem diagnosis of tuberculosis was done 169 times on 116 different white-tailed deer of known Mycobacterium bovis infection status. The sensitivity and specificity were 97 and 81%, respectively. The magnitude of change in skin thickness at test sites was not significantly influenced by dosage of inoculum, dissemination of the disease process, or repeated skin testing. However, the magnitude of change in skin thickness was significantly greater in deer infected for less than 109 days than in deer infected for more than 109 days. As used in the present study, the comparative cervical skin test …
Naturally Occurring Tuberculosis In White-Tailed Deer, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple, Janet B. Payeur, David P. Alt, Kevin J. Esch, Colleen S. Bruning-Fann, John B. Kaneene
Naturally Occurring Tuberculosis In White-Tailed Deer, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple, Janet B. Payeur, David P. Alt, Kevin J. Esch, Colleen S. Bruning-Fann, John B. Kaneene
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Objective—To determine the distribution of lesions and extent of tissues infected with Mycobacterium bovis in a captive population of white-tailed deer.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—116 captive white-tailed deer.
Procedure—Deer were euthanatized, and postmortem examinations were performed. Tissues with gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were collected for microscopic analysis and bacteriologic culture. Tissues from the head, thorax, and abdomen of deer with no gross lesions were pooled for bacteriologic culture. Tonsillar, nasal, oral, and rectal swab specimens, fecal samples, and samples of hay and pelleted feed, soil around feeding sites, and water from 2 natural ponds were collected …
Genetic Resistance To Experimental Infection With Mycobacterium Bovis In Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus), Colin G. Mackintosh, Tariq Qureshi, Ken Waldrup, Robert E. Labes, Ken G. Dodds, J. Frank T. Griffin
Genetic Resistance To Experimental Infection With Mycobacterium Bovis In Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus), Colin G. Mackintosh, Tariq Qureshi, Ken Waldrup, Robert E. Labes, Ken G. Dodds, J. Frank T. Griffin
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Tuberculosis (Tb) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a worldwide threat to livestock and humans. One control strategy is to breed livestock that are more resistant to Mycobacterium bovis. In a 3-year heritability study 6 farmed red deer stags were selected from 39 on the basis of their differing responses to experimental challenge via the tonsillar sac with approximately 500 CFU of M. bovis. Two stags remained uninfected, two were moderately affected, and two developed serious spreading Tb. Seventy offspring, bred from these six stags by artificial insemination using stored semen, were similarly challenged with M. bovis. The …
Proceedings From The Conference On Bovine Tuberculosis – March 2000
Proceedings From The Conference On Bovine Tuberculosis – March 2000
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Table of Contents:
The Challenge, USDA by Craig Reed, DVM; John Clifford, DVM
The Comprehensive Strategic Plan by Joe VanTiem, DVM, MS
Surveillance of Non-Cervid (Cattle and Goats) Livestock by Nathan Zauel, DVM
Surveillance of Bovine Tuberculosis in Michigan Captive Cervidae Mike VanderKlok, DVM Surveillance of Domestic Carnivores for Tuberculosis Steven L. Halstead, DVM, MS Human Health Update: Bovine Tuberculosis in Michigan by Barbara Robinson-Dunn, PhD; Mary Grace Stobierski, DVM, MPH
Risks Associated with M. bovis in Michigan Free-ranging White-tailed Deer by Barbara Corso, DVM, MS
Economic Impact of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the 5-County Area: An Update by Dennis Propst, …
Comparison Of Postmortem Techniques For The Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Scott D. Fitzgerald, John B. Kaneene, Kelly L. Butler, Kathy R. Clarke, Jean S. Fierke, Stephen M. Schmitt, Colleen S. Bruning-Fann, Rachel R. Mitchell, Dale E. Berry, Janet B. Payeur
Comparison Of Postmortem Techniques For The Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Scott D. Fitzgerald, John B. Kaneene, Kelly L. Butler, Kathy R. Clarke, Jean S. Fierke, Stephen M. Schmitt, Colleen S. Bruning-Fann, Rachel R. Mitchell, Dale E. Berry, Janet B. Payeur
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
A retrospective study of various diagnostic postmortem techniques used in a 4-year surveillance program for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was conducted. The tests evaluated were routine histopathology, acid-fast staining, detection of acid-fast bacilli in culture, and an M. tuberculosis group-specific genetic probe applied to pure cultures. Each of these techniques were compared with a reference or “gold standard” of mycobacterial culture and identification. Histopathology, the most rapid form of testing for M. bovis infection in white-tailed deer samples, had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 87%, resulting in a …
Use Of Gis To Evaluate Livestock-Wildlife Interactions Relative To Tuberculosis Spread On Molokai Island, Hawaii, Stephanie Bany, Jerome Freier
Use Of Gis To Evaluate Livestock-Wildlife Interactions Relative To Tuberculosis Spread On Molokai Island, Hawaii, Stephanie Bany, Jerome Freier
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Historically, bovine tuberculosis has occurred and been eradicated several times on the Hawaiian island of Molokai. After the most recent depopulation of cattle, TB was again identified in an adult cow in 1997, thus continuing the investigation into why bovine tuberculosis is reoccurring on the island. The Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health (CEAH) have implemented spatial analysis using ArcView software that, along with epidemiological investigations, attempts to identify the environmental factors responsible for maintaining this disease in natural foci. To examine the ecological aspects of tuberculosis transmission from wildlife to livestock, and to identify the foci of infection, we …
Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication: Uniform Methods And Rules, Effective January 22, 1999
Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication: Uniform Methods And Rules, Effective January 22, 1999
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
These Uniform Methods and Rules (UMR) are the minimum standards adopted and approved by the Deputy Administrator, Veterinary Services (VS), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), on January 21, 1999. They were established for the maintenance of tuberculosis-free accredited herds of cattle, captive cervids, bison, and goats, and the maintenance of State status in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s tuberculosis eradication program.
These minimum standards do not preclude the adoption of more stringent standards by any State, status zone within a State, or region containing multiple States.
Observations On Animal And Human Health During The Outbreak Of Mycobacterium Bovis In Game Farm Wapiti In Alberta, P. Nick Nation, E. Anne Fanning, H. Bim Hopf, Terry L. Church
Observations On Animal And Human Health During The Outbreak Of Mycobacterium Bovis In Game Farm Wapiti In Alberta, P. Nick Nation, E. Anne Fanning, H. Bim Hopf, Terry L. Church
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
This report describes and discusses the history, clinical, pathologic, epidemiologic, and human health aspects of an outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis infection in domestic wapiti in Alberta between 1990 and 1993, shortly after legislative changes allowing game farming. The extent and seriousness of the outbreak of M. bovis in wapiti in Alberta was not fully known at its onset. The clinical findings in the first recognized infected wapiti are presented and the postmortem records for the herd in which the animal resided are summarized. Epidemiologic findings from the subsequent field investigation are reviewed, the results of recognition and investigation of human …
A Comparison Of Wildlife Control And Cattle Vaccination As Methods For The Control Of Bovine Tuberculosis, R. R. Kao, M. G. Roberts
A Comparison Of Wildlife Control And Cattle Vaccination As Methods For The Control Of Bovine Tuberculosis, R. R. Kao, M. G. Roberts
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
The Australian brushtail possum is the major source of infection for new cases of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in New Zealand. Using hypothetical values for the cost of putative cattle and possum Tb vaccines, the relative efforts required to eradicate Tb in cattle using possum culling, possum vaccination or cattle vaccination are compared. For realistic assumed costs for 1080 poison bait, possum culling is found to be a cost-effective strategy compared to cattle vaccination if the required control area is below 13 ha per cattle herd, while possum vaccination is cost-effective for control areas of less than 3 ha per …
Development Of A Model Of Natural Infection With Mycobacterium Bovis In White-Tailed Deer, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple, Steven C. Olsen
Development Of A Model Of Natural Infection With Mycobacterium Bovis In White-Tailed Deer, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple, Steven C. Olsen
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
The objective of this study was to develop a suitable experimental model of natural Mycobacterium bovis infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), describe the distribution and character of tuberculous lesions, and to examine possible routes of disease transmission. In October 1997, 10 mature female white-tailed deer were inoculated by intratonsilar instillation of 2 3 103 (low dose) or 2 3 105 (high dose) colony forming units (CFU) of M. bovis. In January 1998, deer were euthanatized, examined, and tissues were collected 84 to 87 days post inoculation. Possible routes of disease transmission were evaluated by culture of nasal, …
Monitoring Of Transmission Of Tuberculosis Between Wild Boars And Cattle: Genotypical Analysis Of Strains By Molecular Epidemiology Techniques, Andrea Serraino, Giulia Marchetti, Valeria Sanguinetti, Maria Cristina Rossi, Renato Giulio Zanoni, Lidia Catozzi, Alessandra Bandera, Walter Dini, Walter Mignone, Fabio Franzetti, Andrea Gori
Monitoring Of Transmission Of Tuberculosis Between Wild Boars And Cattle: Genotypical Analysis Of Strains By Molecular Epidemiology Techniques, Andrea Serraino, Giulia Marchetti, Valeria Sanguinetti, Maria Cristina Rossi, Renato Giulio Zanoni, Lidia Catozzi, Alessandra Bandera, Walter Dini, Walter Mignone, Fabio Franzetti, Andrea Gori
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
An epidemiological survey for the monitoring of bovine tuberculosis transmission was carried out in western Liguria, a region in northern Italy. Fifteen Mycobacterium bovis strains were isolated from 63 wild boar samples (62 from mandibular lymph nodes and 1 from a liver specimen). Sixteen mediastinal lymph nodes of 16 head of cattle were collected, and 15 Mycobacterium bovis strains were subsequently cultured. All M. bovisstrains isolated from cattle and wild boars were genotyped by spoligotyping and by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with the IS6110 and IS1081 probes. All M. bovis strains showed the typical spoligotype characterized by …
Mycobacterium Bovis In Coyotes From Michigan, Colleen S. Bruning-Fann, Stephen M. Schmitt, Scott D. Fitzgerald, Janet B. Payeur, Diana L. Whipple, Thomas M. Cooley, Thomas Carlson, Paul Friedrich
Mycobacterium Bovis In Coyotes From Michigan, Colleen S. Bruning-Fann, Stephen M. Schmitt, Scott D. Fitzgerald, Janet B. Payeur, Diana L. Whipple, Thomas M. Cooley, Thomas Carlson, Paul Friedrich
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
During a survey for tuberculosis in wild carnivores and omnivores, Mycobacteriurn bovis was cultured from pooled lymph nodes of three adult female coyotes (Canis latrans) harvested by hunters in Michigan (USA). No gross or histologic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were seen in these animals. One coyote was taken from Montmorency county and two coyotes from Alcona county located in the northeastern portion of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula where free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been found infected with bovine tuberculosis. It is thought that these coyotes became infected with M. bovis through the consumption of tuberculous deer. …
Recommendations For Elimination Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer In Michigan, K. L. Cool, James Haveman, Dan Wyant
Recommendations For Elimination Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer In Michigan, K. L. Cool, James Haveman, Dan Wyant
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
A significant infection rate of bovine TB in the deer population of the northeastern lower peninsula poses a potential risk to several important values including public health, United States Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.) TB-free accreditation for Michigan cattle, wildlife health, wildlife-related recreation and tourism and economic stability in several sectors. A risk assessment study by the U.S. D.A. Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health (Fort Collins, CO) predicted that if no changes were made in the management of the affected free-ranging deer population, the TB prevalence (compared to the current prevalence of 2.3%). Although the current annual risk of TB …
Bovine Tuberculosis In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer From Michigan, Stephen M. Schmitt, Scott D. Fitzgerald, Thomas M. Cooley, Colleen S. Bruning-Fann, Larry Sullivan, Dale Berry, Thomas Carlson, Richard B. Minnis, Janet B. Payeur, James Sikarskie
Bovine Tuberculosis In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer From Michigan, Stephen M. Schmitt, Scott D. Fitzgerald, Thomas M. Cooley, Colleen S. Bruning-Fann, Larry Sullivan, Dale Berry, Thomas Carlson, Richard B. Minnis, Janet B. Payeur, James Sikarskie
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
A 4.5 yr-old male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) killed by a hunter during the 1994 firearm hunting season in northeastern Michigan (USA) had lesions suggestive of tuberculosis and was positive on culture for Mycobacterium bovis the causative agent for bovine tuberculosis. Subsequently, a survey of 354 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer for tuberculosis was conducted in this area from 15 November 1995 through 5 January 1996. Heads and/or lungs from deer were examined grossly and microscopically for lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis. Gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were seen in 15 deer. Tissues from 16 deer had acid-fast bacilli on …
Comparison Of Gross Pathology, Histopathology, And Mycobacterial Culture For The Diagnosis Of Tuberculosis In Elk (Cervus Elaphus), Elizabeth B. Rohonczy, Arumuga V. Balachandran, Thomas W. Dukes, Janet B. Payeur, Jack C. Rhyan, Dennis A. Saari, Terry L. Whiting, Susan H. Wilson, Jerald L. Jarnagin
Comparison Of Gross Pathology, Histopathology, And Mycobacterial Culture For The Diagnosis Of Tuberculosis In Elk (Cervus Elaphus), Elizabeth B. Rohonczy, Arumuga V. Balachandran, Thomas W. Dukes, Janet B. Payeur, Jack C. Rhyan, Dennis A. Saari, Terry L. Whiting, Susan H. Wilson, Jerald L. Jarnagin
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Using the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis as the reference standard, this study evaluated the sensitivity, specificity and kappa statistic of gross pathology (abattoir postmortem inspection), histopathology, and parallel or series combinations of the two for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in 430 elk and red deer. Two histopathology interpretations were evaluated: histopathology I, where the presence of lesions compatible with tuberculosis was considered positive, and histopathology II, where lesions compatible with tuberculosis or a select group of additional possible diagnoses were considered positive. In the 73 animals from which M. bovis was isolated, gross lesions of tuberculosis were most often in …
Bovine Tuberculosis In A Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) From Montana, Jack Rhyan, Keith Aune, Brian Hood, Ryan Clarke, Janet Payeur, Jerald Jamagin, Larry Stackhouse
Bovine Tuberculosis In A Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) From Montana, Jack Rhyan, Keith Aune, Brian Hood, Ryan Clarke, Janet Payeur, Jerald Jamagin, Larry Stackhouse
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
A survey of 41 mule deer (Odocolleus hemionus) and three white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) for bovine tuberculosis was conducted on a Montana (USA) cattle ranch from 2 November 1993 through January 1994. Gross and microscopic lesions typical of tuberculosis were present in tonsil and lymph nodes of the head, thorax, and abdomen of one adult female mule deer. Additionally, a single microgranuloma considered morphologically suggestive of tuberculosis was present in one lymph node of the head of a second mule deer. Mycobacterial isolates from lymph nodes of the head and thorax of the first deer were …
An Abattoir Study Of Tuberculosis In A Herd Of Farmed Elk, Terry L. Whiting, Stacy V. Tessaro
An Abattoir Study Of Tuberculosis In A Herd Of Farmed Elk, Terry L. Whiting, Stacy V. Tessaro
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and distribution of grossly visible lesions of tuberculosis in a herd of 344 North American elk (Cervus elaphus) depopulated during a three-month period in 1991. Abattoir inspection detected mycobacterial lesions in 134 (39.8%) of the 337 animals received for slaughter. The prevalence of lesions increased with the age of the animals. Lesions were predominantly suppurative rather than caseous, and mineralization was less evident than in tuberculous lesions in cattle. Lesions occurred predominantly -in lymph nodes, and lungs were the only organs in which mycobacterial lesions were found. The …
Status Of Bovine Tuberculosis In North America, M.A. Essey, M.A. Koller
Status Of Bovine Tuberculosis In North America, M.A. Essey, M.A. Koller
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
The eradication of bovine tuberculosis from North America is in the advanced stages as Canada and the United States struggle to remove the last vestiges of the disease from the domestic livestock population. Canada realistically anticipates total eradication from the national cattle herd within the next few years. The United States must yet effectively deal with the increased tuberculosis exposure potential from imported steers and from bovine tuberculosis newly discovered in its captive cervid industry. This paper reviews the history and development of tuberculosis eradication programs in North America. The basic evolution is described from area testing to slaughter surveillance …
The Role Of A Wildlife Reservoir In The Epidemiology Of Bovine Tuberculosis, D. U. Pfeiffer
The Role Of A Wildlife Reservoir In The Epidemiology Of Bovine Tuberculosis, D. U. Pfeiffer
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
The objective of this project was to study the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in the presence of a wildlife reservoir species. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of possum populations with endemic bovine tuberculosis infection were analyzed. The results were used to develop a computer simulation model of the dynamics of bovine tuberculosis infection in possum populations. A case-control study of breakdowns to tuberculosis infection in cattle herds in the Central North Island of New Zealand was conducted to identify risk factors other than exposure to tuberculosis in local possum populations.
Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In North American Elk (Cervus Elaphus), Charles O. Thoen, William J. Quinn, Lyle D. Miller, Larry L. Stackhouse, Bradford F. Newcomb, James M. Ferrell
Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In North American Elk (Cervus Elaphus), Charles O. Thoen, William J. Quinn, Lyle D. Miller, Larry L. Stackhouse, Bradford F. Newcomb, James M. Ferrell
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
A naturally occurring outbreak of Mycobacterium bovid infection in captive wild elk (wapiti) in Montana was confirmed by mycobacteriologic examination. Twenty-eight of 143 elk responded to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin injected intradermally in the cervical region (SCT). The results of comparative cervical tuberculin skin tests conducted within 9 days of SCT revealed greater responses to M. bovis PPD tuberculin than to M. avium PPD tuberculin in 23 of 28 elk responding. At necropsy, several grossly visible tuberculous lesions were observed in the parenchyma of the lung, thoracic lymph nodes, and submandibular lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of appropriately …
Experiments On The Infectivity For Healthy Calves Of Bovine Tubercle Bacilli Discharged In Dung Upon Pasture, E. C. G. Maddock
Experiments On The Infectivity For Healthy Calves Of Bovine Tubercle Bacilli Discharged In Dung Upon Pasture, E. C. G. Maddock
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
In a previous paper (Maddock, 1934), it has been shown that healthy calves may be infected with bovine tubercle bacilli when grazed upon pasture infected at intervals with emulsions of the virulent organisms. These infections were designedly heavy, and it was felt that this orientating experiment should be followed by one in which pasture infection was secured in a way more closely approximating to the natural.
Three calves surviving from the previous experiment had reacted strongly to the double intradermal tuberculin test. Microscopic examination of the dung of these animals failed to show the presence of acid-fast bacilli, but to …
Further Studies On The Survival Time Of The Bovine Tubercle Bacillus In Soil, Soil And Dung, In Dung And On Grass, With Experiments On Feeding Guinea-Pigs And Calves On Grass Artificially Infected With Bovine Tubercle Bacilli, E. C. G. Maddock
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
IN a previous paper (Maddock, 1933) it was reported that when soil, soil and dung mixtures and dung were infected by adding fine emulsions of bovine tubercular material, virulent tubercle bacilli could be recovered after 178 days' exposure under field conditions. The experiments reported in the aforesaid paper were carried out in 1931, but it was felt that weight would be added to the results if the experiments could be repeated in a year of differing weather conditions.
The Viability Of B. Tuberculosis (Bovinus) On Pasture Land, In Stored Faeces And In Liquid Manure, R. Stenhouse Williams, W. A. Hoy
The Viability Of B. Tuberculosis (Bovinus) On Pasture Land, In Stored Faeces And In Liquid Manure, R. Stenhouse Williams, W. A. Hoy
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
The object of these experiments was to determine the length of time during which B. tuberculosis in cow's faeces remain alive and virulent on pasture land in the south of England. The method of testing for living B. tuberculosis is given in Appendix II.