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Articles 1 - 30 of 35
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Gene That Encodes The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Influences The Accumulation Of Transcripts (Bcl-XL And Bcl-XS) That Encode Apoptotic Regulatory Proteins, Weiping Peng, Gail A. Henderson, Guey-Chuen Perng, Anthony B. Nesburn, Steven L. Wechsler, Clinton J. Jones
The Gene That Encodes The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Influences The Accumulation Of Transcripts (Bcl-XL And Bcl-XS) That Encode Apoptotic Regulatory Proteins, Weiping Peng, Gail A. Henderson, Guey-Chuen Perng, Anthony B. Nesburn, Steven L. Wechsler, Clinton J. Jones
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
The herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) inhibits apoptosis. We demonstrate here that LAT influences the accumulation of the Bcl-xL transcript versus the Bcl-xS transcript in Neuro-2A cells. Bcl-xL encodes an antiapoptotic protein, whereas Bcl-xS encodes a proapoptotic protein. Promoting the accumulation of Bcl-xL in neurons may inhibit apoptosis, thus enhancing the latency-reactivation cycle.
A Diagnostic Strategy To Determine The Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli 0157 Status Of Pens Of Feedlot Cattle, David R. Smith, J.T. Gray, Rodney A. Moxley, S.M. Younts-Dahl, M.P. Blackford, S. Hinkley, L.L. Hungerford, C.T. Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein
A Diagnostic Strategy To Determine The Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli 0157 Status Of Pens Of Feedlot Cattle, David R. Smith, J.T. Gray, Rodney A. Moxley, S.M. Younts-Dahl, M.P. Blackford, S. Hinkley, L.L. Hungerford, C.T. Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Although cattle are reservoirs, no validated method exists to monitor Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli 0157 (STEC 0157) on farms. In 29 Midwestern United States feedlot pens we compared culturing feces from the individual cattle to: (1) culturing rope devices that cattle rub or chew; and (2) culturing a composite of fecal pats. Eighty-six per cent (68-96 %) of pens were classified correctly using rope devices to detect pens with at least 16 % of the cattle shedding STEC 0 157 [sensitivity = 82 % (57-96 %); specificity = 92 % (62-100 %)]. Ninety per cent of pens (73-98 %) were …
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Induces Rapid Cell Death And Functional Impairment Of Murine Dendritic Cells In Vitro, Clinton J. Jones, M. Fernandez, K. Herc, L. Bosnjak, M. Miranda-Saksena, R. A. Boadle, A. Cunningham
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Induces Rapid Cell Death And Functional Impairment Of Murine Dendritic Cells In Vitro, Clinton J. Jones, M. Fernandez, K. Herc, L. Bosnjak, M. Miranda-Saksena, R. A. Boadle, A. Cunningham
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Dendritic cells (DC) are critical for stimulation of naive T cells. Little is known about the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection on DC structure or function or if the observed effects of HSV-1 on human DC are reproduced in murine DC. Here, we demonstrate that by 12 h postinfection, wild-type (wt) HSV-2 (186) abortively infected murine bone marrow-derived DC and induced early cell death compared to UV-inactivated HSV-2 or mock-infected DC. HSV-2-induced loss of DC viability was more rapid than that induced by HSV-1 and was due, in part, to apoptosis, as shown by TEM, caspase-3 …
The Economics Of Managing Wildlife Disease, Richard D. Horan, Christopher A. Wolf
The Economics Of Managing Wildlife Disease, Richard D. Horan, Christopher A. Wolf
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
The spread of infectious disease among and between wild and domesticated animals has become a major problem worldwide. Upon analyzing the dynamics of wildlife growth and infection when the diseased animals cannot be identified separately from healthy wildlife prior to the kill, we find that harvest-based strategies alone have no impact on disease transmission. Other controls that directly influence disease transmission and/or mortality are required. Next, we analyze the socially optimal management of infectious wildlife. The model is applied to the problem of bovine tuberculosis among Michigan white-tailed deer, with non-selective harvests and supplemental feeding being the control variables. Using …
Review Of Molecular Infection Biology: Interactions Between Mircoorganisms And Cells By Jörg Hacker And Jürgen Heesemann, Jeffrey D. Cirillo
Review Of Molecular Infection Biology: Interactions Between Mircoorganisms And Cells By Jörg Hacker And Jürgen Heesemann, Jeffrey D. Cirillo
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Pathogenesis is one potential outcome of the constant struggle between host defenses and the desire of microorganisms to acquire a privileged niche. This mutually competitive evolutionary process has resulted in interactions among complex and often elegant systems throughout the course of infections. The complexity of these interactions and the large number of infectious agents that exist makes the introduction of students to infectious diseases, as well as a comprehensive review of the field, an extremely daunting task. This book provides just such a comprehensive and timely description of the field in a manner that is easily understandable and enjoyable to …
Identification Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Sequences That Both Inhibit Apoptosis And Enhance The Spontaneous Reactivation Phenotype, Ling Jin, Weiping Peng, Guey-Chuen Perng, David J. Brick, Anthony B. Nesburn, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler
Identification Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Sequences That Both Inhibit Apoptosis And Enhance The Spontaneous Reactivation Phenotype, Ling Jin, Weiping Peng, Guey-Chuen Perng, David J. Brick, Anthony B. Nesburn, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene is essential for the high spontaneous and induced reactivation phenotype of HSV-1 in the rabbit ocular model and for the high induced reactivation phenotype in the mouse ocular model. Recently we showed that LAT has an antiapoptosis function, and we hypothesized that LAT’s ability to inhibit apoptosis played an important role in LAT’s ability to enhance the reactivation phenotype. Expression of just the first 1.5 kb of the 8.3-kb LAT gene is sufficient for both inhibition of apoptosis in an in vitro transient-transfection assay and the high spontaneous reactivation …
Infection Of Cattle With A Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Strain That Contains A Mutation In The Latency-Related Gene Leads To Increased Apoptosis In Trigeminal Ganglia During The Transition From Acute Infection To Latency, Luciane Lovato, Melissa Inman, Gail A. Henderson, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones
Infection Of Cattle With A Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Strain That Contains A Mutation In The Latency-Related Gene Leads To Increased Apoptosis In Trigeminal Ganglia During The Transition From Acute Infection To Latency, Luciane Lovato, Melissa Inman, Gail A. Henderson, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle and infection is usually initiated via the ocular or nasal cavity. After acute infection, the primary site for BHV-1 latency is sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG). Reactivation from latency occurs sporadically, resulting in virus shedding and transmission to uninfected cattle. The only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latencyrelated (LR) RNA. An LR mutant was constructed by inserting three stop codons near the beginning of the LR RNA. This mutant grows to wild-type (wt) efficiency in bovine kidney cells and in the nasal cavity of acutely …
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: Activities Report 2003, Bridget Patrick
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: Activities Report 2003, Bridget Patrick
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial disease and poses a risk to domestic livestock, wildlife and public health in the United States (U.S). In 1917, the U.S. government began a comprehensive national bovine TB eradication program. The disease has been nearly eradicated from livestock in the U.S., but areas of infection resurface periodically. Michigan was declared free of bovine TB in 1975 and received Disease Free status in 1979. In 1975 a free-ranging white-tailed deer in Alcona County was confirmed to be bovine TB positive. It was thought to be an anomaly, and no policy was adopted to look …
Genealogical Relationships Influence The Probability Of Infection With Bovine Tuberculosis And Microgeographic Genetic Structure In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer, Julie Anne Blanchong
Genealogical Relationships Influence The Probability Of Infection With Bovine Tuberculosis And Microgeographic Genetic Structure In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer, Julie Anne Blanchong
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Zoonoses are of increasing importance to wildlife conservation and human health. It has become increasingly recognized that wildlife ecology plays a key role in disease transmission in wildlife populations. In domestic populations, contacts among individuals are controlled by humans and disease transmission is often density dependent. Unlike domestic animals, wildlife populations often have complex social systems in whch contacts among individuals are not solely density dependent, and can play an important role in the transmission and maintenance of disease.
Prevalence Of Chronic Wasting Disease And Bovine Tuberculosis In Free-Ranging Deer And Elk In South Dakota, Christopher N. Jacques, Jonathan A. Jenks, Allen L. Jenny, Steven L. Griffin
Prevalence Of Chronic Wasting Disease And Bovine Tuberculosis In Free-Ranging Deer And Elk In South Dakota, Christopher N. Jacques, Jonathan A. Jenks, Allen L. Jenny, Steven L. Griffin
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Heads of hunter-harvested deer and elk were collected throughout South Dakota (USA) and within established chronic wasting disease (CWD) surveillance areas from 1997–2002 to determine infection with CWD and bovine tuberculosis (TB). We used immunohistochemistry to detect CWD-infected individuals among 1,672 deer and elk sampled via geographically targeted surveillance. A total of 537 elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), 813 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and 322 mule deer (O. hemionus) was sampled for CWD. Estimated overall prevalence and associated confidence intervals (95%) in white-tailed deer was 0.001% (0–0.007%). Similarly, estimated overall prevalence in elk and mule …
Bovine Tuberculosis In Michigan: Understanding Stakeholder Attitudes Toward The Disease And Eradication Efforts, Meegan Leah Dorn
Bovine Tuberculosis In Michigan: Understanding Stakeholder Attitudes Toward The Disease And Eradication Efforts, Meegan Leah Dorn
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Bovine tuberculosis has been discovered at unprecedented levels in Michigan wildlife, especially white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Human behaviors, particularly the use of bait and feed, have facilitated the spread of the disease into free-ranging white-tailed deer populations. Policies aimed at eradicating bovine tuberculosis in Michigan require public compliance and cooperation in order to be successful. Because of the human contribution to the spread of bovine tuberculosis in Michigan wildlife, and the social nature of subsequent bovine tuberculosis eradication policies, we conducted a survey of bovine TB issue stakeholder groups in northeast Michigan, including non-resident hunters, resident hunters, livestock …
Are There “Hot Spots” Of Bovine Tuberculosis In The Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Herd Of Northeastern Michigan?, Brandi Danielle Hughey
Are There “Hot Spots” Of Bovine Tuberculosis In The Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Herd Of Northeastern Michigan?, Brandi Danielle Hughey
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
This project looks at whether high case frequency areas or “hot spots” of bovine tuberculosis (tb) exist in free ranging white-tailed deer in northeastern Michigan, and examines the factors associated with them. Michigan Department of Natural Resources researchers have been collecting deer heads annually since 1996 in the five county area of Alcona, Alpena, Montmorency, Oscoda, and Presque Isle as part of an effort to manage an outbreak of bovine tb in the wild white-tailed deer population. From these heads a database containing age, sex, and harvest or collection location information was constructed. The townships within these five counties were …
Bovine Tuberculosis In Elk (Cervus Elaphus Manitobensis) Near Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba, From 1992 To 2002
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
From 1991 to April 2003, outbreaks of bovine tuberculosis (TB caused by Mycobacterium bovis) have been found in 11 cattle herds surrounding Riding Mountain National Park (RMNP). Located in southwestern Manitoba, RMNP and the surrounding area are home to a free-ranging herd of 2500 to 4000 elk that have been implicated as being a wildlife reservoir of M. bovis infection. Indirect contact between cattle and elk that feed during the winter on the same large, round hay bales is presumed to be the most likely mode of transmission between the species (1).
Mycobacterial Diseases In Wildlife, Gary W. Witmer, Thomas J. Deliberto, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Peter Butchko
Mycobacterial Diseases In Wildlife, Gary W. Witmer, Thomas J. Deliberto, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Peter Butchko
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Mycobacterium infections occur in numerous wildlife species worldwide and this bacterial genus can also cause disease in humans and livestock. Two Mycobacterium species and one subspecies that infect wildlife are important from a wildlife damage management perspective. Mycobacterium avium, avian tuberculosis, is a ubiquitous and cosmopolitan disease of wild and domestic birds. Wild and domestic ruminants are host to M. avium paratuberculosis, also known as Johne’s disease. Finally, Mycobaterium bovis, bovine tuberculosis, is primarily associated with domestic and wild bovines and ungulates, but also infects many other species of mammals. Eradicating these diseases from wildlife populations is …
Feral Swine - Are They A Disease Threat To Livestock In The United States?, Gary W. Witmer, Robert B. Sanders, Arnold C. Taft
Feral Swine - Are They A Disease Threat To Livestock In The United States?, Gary W. Witmer, Robert B. Sanders, Arnold C. Taft
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Feral swine populations provide both benefits and liabilities to citizens of the United States. Their expanding range and increasing densities, however, have raised concern over the adverse environmental and agricultural effects and the increased risk of disease transmission between feral swine and livestock. We discuss the role of feral swine in the transmission of wildlife diseases and, in particular, in diseases of national significance to the livestock industry. We also discuss available management tools and strategies for reducing feral swine populations, minimizing damage or disease occurrences and eradicating populations when deemed appropriate. Finally, we note areas of research that may …
Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: Vbms Annual Report 2003
Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: Vbms Annual Report 2003
Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department: Information and History
Foreword
VBMS Faculty
VBMS Faculty and Staff, by Function and Unit
Honors. Awards and Recognitions
VBMS Committee Assignments
Faculty Profiles
VBMS Research Associates Profiles
VBMS Teaching Program
Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center (GPVEC)
VBMS Research Program
International Activities
Veterinary Extension Program
Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Systems (NVDLS)
Grants and Contracts Program
Patents by VBMS Faculty
Publications by VBMS Faculty
Presentations by VBMS Faculty
Articles Regarding the Department
Selected Committees. Editorial and Other Appointments
Departmental Budget Summaries
Nebraska Agricultural Statistics
Abundant PrpCwd In Tonsil From Mule Deer With Preclinical Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Dongyue Zhuang, Amy Lyda, Gabriel Gomez, Elizabeth S. Williams, Wenbin Tuo, Michael W. Miller
Abundant PrpCwd In Tonsil From Mule Deer With Preclinical Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Dongyue Zhuang, Amy Lyda, Gabriel Gomez, Elizabeth S. Williams, Wenbin Tuo, Michael W. Miller
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
A monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay was used to evaluate detergent lysates of tonsil tissue from mule deer to detect PrPCWD, the marker for the cervid transmissible spongiform encephalopathy chronic wasting disease (CWD). Samples of formalin-fixed brain and tonsil tissues from mule deer were examined for PrPCWD using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with Mab F99/97.6.1, the gold standard for diagnosis of preclinical CWD. The contralateral tonsil from each of the 143 deer was prepared for confirmatory IHC and as a 10% (wt/vol) detergent lysate without purification or enrichment steps for monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay. PrPCWD was detected by dot-blot …
Immunohistochemical Detection And Distribution Of Prion Protein In A Goat With Natural Scrapie, Reginald A. Valdez, Matthew J. Rock, Anne K. Anderson, Katherine I. O'Rourke
Immunohistochemical Detection And Distribution Of Prion Protein In A Goat With Natural Scrapie, Reginald A. Valdez, Matthew J. Rock, Anne K. Anderson, Katherine I. O'Rourke
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from a 3-year-old female Angora goat suffering from clinical scrapie were immunostained after hydrated autoclaving using a monoclonal antibody (mAb, F99/ 97.6.1; IgG1) specific for a conserved epitope on the prion protein. Widespread and prominent deposition of the scrapie isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc) was observed in the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, retina, postganglionic neurons associated with parasympathetic ganglia of myenteric and submucosal plexuses, Peyer’s patches, peripheral lymph nodes, and pharyngeal and palatine tonsils. The goat was homozygous for PrP alleles encoding 5 octapeptide repeat sequences in the N-terminal region of the prion …
A Prion Protein Epitope Selective For The Pathologically Misfolded Conformation, Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie Laboissiere, Valerie I. Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A. Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T. Lehto, Leslie H. Kondejewski, Gregory P. Francoeur, Maria Papadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J. Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C. Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R. Cashman
A Prion Protein Epitope Selective For The Pathologically Misfolded Conformation, Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie Laboissiere, Valerie I. Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A. Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T. Lehto, Leslie H. Kondejewski, Gregory P. Francoeur, Maria Papadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J. Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C. Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R. Cashman
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Conformational conversion of proteins in disease is likely to be accompanied by molecular surface exposure of previously sequestered amino-acid side chains. We found that induction of β-sheet structures in recombinant prion proteins is associated with increased solvent accessibility of tyrosine. Antibodies directed against the prion protein repeat motif, tyrosine-tyrosinearginine, recognize the pathological isoform of the prion protein but not the normal cellular isoform, as assessed by immunoprecipitation, plate capture immunoassay and flow cytometry. Antibody binding to the pathological epitope is saturable and specific, and can be created in vitro by partial denaturation of normal brain prion protein. Conformation-selective exposure of …
Properties Of A Disease-Specific Prion Probe, Guy Gorochov, Jean-Phillippe Deslys, Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie Laboissiere, Valerie L. Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A. Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T. Lehto, Leslie H. Kondejewski, Gregory P. Francoeur, Maria Paoadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J. Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C. Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R. Cashman
Properties Of A Disease-Specific Prion Probe, Guy Gorochov, Jean-Phillippe Deslys, Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie Laboissiere, Valerie L. Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A. Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T. Lehto, Leslie H. Kondejewski, Gregory P. Francoeur, Maria Paoadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J. Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C. Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R. Cashman
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
In a recently published article, Paramithiotis et al. describe antibodies specific for the prion Tyr-Tyr-Arg (YYR) repeat motif. These antibodies interact with the pathological isoform of the prion protein (PrPSC), but not with the normal cellular isoform (PrpC). Because of this restricted specificity, they suggest that YYR-specific antibodies could be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of prion diseases (Fig. O. The monoclonal antibodies, all of the IgM isotype, were produced by immunizing mice with a synthetic peptide (CYYRRYYRYY). When coupled to magnetic beads, these YYR-specific antibodies immunoprecipitate Prpsc much more efficiently than PrpC …
A Priori Prediction Of Disease Invasion Dynamics In A Novel Environment, Colin A. Russell, David L. Smith, Lance A. Waller, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real
A Priori Prediction Of Disease Invasion Dynamics In A Novel Environment, Colin A. Russell, David L. Smith, Lance A. Waller, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Directly transmitted infectious diseases spread through wildlife populations as travelling waves away from the sites of original introduction. These waves often become distorted through their interaction with environmental and population heterogeneities and by long-distance translocation of infected individuals. Accurate a priori predictions of travelling waves of infection depend upon understanding and quantifying these distorting factors. We assess the effects of anisotropies arising from the orientation of rivers in relation to the direction of disease-front propagation and the damming effect of mountains on disease movement in natural populations. The model successfully predicts the local and large-scale prevaccination spread of raccoon rabies …
Ehrlichia Chaffeensis: A Prototypical Emerging Pathogen, Christopher D. Paddock, James E. Childs
Ehrlichia Chaffeensis: A Prototypical Emerging Pathogen, Christopher D. Paddock, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
In April 1986, a medical intern scanning the peripheral blood smear of a severely ill man with an unexplained illness observed peculiar intracytoplasmic inclusions in several of the patient’s monocytes. The patient described multiple tick bites sustained approximately 2 weeks earlier during a visit to a rural area in northern Arkansas, and a presumptive diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever had been made (104, 174). Clinicians and scientists subsequently identified these inclusions as clusters of bacteria belonging to the genus Ehrlichia, previously known in the United States solely as veterinary pathogens (174). Within the next 5 years, the organism …
Monte Carlo Assessments Of Goodness-Of-Fit For Ecological Simulation Models, Lance A. Waller, David Smith, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real
Monte Carlo Assessments Of Goodness-Of-Fit For Ecological Simulation Models, Lance A. Waller, David Smith, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
One often develops stochastic ecologic simulation models based on local interactions between individuals or groups and bases systemic conclusions on trends summarized over multiple data sets generated from the model. In many cases, such models generate data sets (“realizations”) each violating the usual assumptions associated with traditional statistical tests of goodness-of-fit, most notably that of independent observations. Monte Carlo hypothesis tests applied to multiple realizations from such models provide appropriate goodness-of-fit tests regardless of within-model peculiarities. The Monte Carlo tests address the question “Do the observed data appear consistent with the model?” in contrast to the usual question “Does the …
Cd21-Positive Follicular Dendritic Cells A Possible Source Of PrpSc In Lymph Node Macrophages Of Scrapie-Infected Sheep, Lynn M. Herrmann, William P. Cheevers, William C. Davis, Donald P. Knowles, Katherine I. O'Rourke
Cd21-Positive Follicular Dendritic Cells A Possible Source Of PrpSc In Lymph Node Macrophages Of Scrapie-Infected Sheep, Lynn M. Herrmann, William P. Cheevers, William C. Davis, Donald P. Knowles, Katherine I. O'Rourke
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Natural sheep scrapie is a prion disease characterized by the accumulation of PrPSc in brain and lymphoid tissues. Previous studies suggested that lymph node macrophages and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) accumulate PrPSc. In this study, lymph nodes were analyzed for the presence of PrPSc and macrophage or FDC markers using dual immunohistochemistry. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the C-terminus of PrP reacted with CD172a+ macrophages and CD21+ FDC processes in secondary follicles. However, a PrP N-terminus- specific mAb reacted with CD21+ FDC processes but not CD172a+ macrophages in secondary follicles. Neither the PrP N-terminus nor C-terminus-specific …
The Risk Of Disease Transmission To Livestock Posed By Contamination Of Farm Stored Feed By Wildlife Excreta, M. J. Daniels, M. R. Hutchings, A. Greig
The Risk Of Disease Transmission To Livestock Posed By Contamination Of Farm Stored Feed By Wildlife Excreta, M. J. Daniels, M. R. Hutchings, A. Greig
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Livestock feed is susceptible to contamination from wildlife excreta during on farm storage. Pathogens associated with diseases such as paratuberculosis, salmonella and cryptosporidiosis are present in wild rodent and bird excreta. Feed stores on four farms in the east of Scotland were monitored monthly over the winter of 1998/9 to quantify the levels of wildlife faecal contamination. A mean of 79.9 rodent (95% confidence interval: 37.5–165.9) and 24.9 (14.3–41.7) bird faeces were deposited per m2 of stored feed per month. It was estimated that individual cattle and sheep could encounter 1626 and 814 wildlife faeces over the winter.
A …
Spatial And Temporal Spread Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Wild White-Tailed Deer In Michigan, Graham J. Hickling, Stephen M. Schmitt, Daniel J. O'Brien
Spatial And Temporal Spread Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Wild White-Tailed Deer In Michigan, Graham J. Hickling, Stephen M. Schmitt, Daniel J. O'Brien
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
In 1975, a wild white-tailed deer infected with bovine tuberculosis was shot in the northeastern Lower Peninsula, Michigan. The shooting of a second infected deer in the same area in 1994 triggered ongoing disease surveillance in the region. By 2002, bovine tuberculosis had been confirmed in 12 Michigan counties: from 449 deer; two elk; 41 non-cervid wildlife; one captive cervid facility and 28 cattle herds. We analyzed geographic spread of disease since the surveillance began and investigated factors influencing the prevalence of disease within the infected area. These analyses reveal that 78 percent of tuberculous deer came from within a …
Aerosol Exposure Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) To Mycobacterium Bovis, Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters, Diana L. Whipple
Aerosol Exposure Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) To Mycobacterium Bovis, Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters, Diana L. Whipple
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis affects both captive and free-ranging Cervidae in the United States. Various animal models have been developed to study tuberculosis of both humans and animals. Generally, tuberculosis is transmitted by aerosol and oral routes. Models of aerosol exposure of large animals to M. bovis are uncommon. In order to develop a reliable method of aerosol exposure of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to M. bovis, 12 healthy white-tailed deer, aged 8–10 mo, were infected by aerosol exposure to 2x105 to 1x106 colony forming units (CFU) (high dose, n=4) of M. bovis or …
Mycobacterial Diseases In Wildlife, Gary Witmer, Thomas J. Deliberto, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Peter Butchko
Mycobacterial Diseases In Wildlife, Gary Witmer, Thomas J. Deliberto, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Peter Butchko
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
Mycobacterium infections occur in numerous wildlife species worldwide and this bacterial genus can also cause disease in humans and livestock. Two Mycobacterium species and one subspecies that infect wildlife are important from a wildlife damage management perspective. Mycobacterium avium, avian tuberculosis, is a ubiquitous and cosmopolitan disease of wild and domestic birds. Wild and domestic ruminants are host to M. avium paratuberculosis, also known as Johne’s disease. Finally, Mycobaterium bovis, bovine tuberculosis, is primarily associated with domestic and wild bovines and ungulates, but also infects many other species of mammals. Eradicating these diseases from wildlife populations is …
Roles Of Mycobacterium Smegmatis D-Alanine:D-Alanine Ligase And D-Alanine Racemase In The Mechanisms Of Action Of And Resistance To The Peptidoglycan Inhibitor D-Cycloserine, Zhengyu Feng, Raul G. Barletta
Roles Of Mycobacterium Smegmatis D-Alanine:D-Alanine Ligase And D-Alanine Racemase In The Mechanisms Of Action Of And Resistance To The Peptidoglycan Inhibitor D-Cycloserine, Zhengyu Feng, Raul G. Barletta
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
D-Cycloserine (DCS) targets the peptidoglycan biosynthetic enzymes D-alanine racemase (Alr) and Dalanine: D-alanine ligase (Ddl). Previously, we demonstrated that the overproduction of Alr in Mycobacterium smegmatis determines a DCS resistance phenotype. In this study, we investigated the roles of both Alr and Ddl in the mechanisms of action of and resistance to DCS in M. smegmatis. We found that the overexpression of either the M. smegmatis or the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ddl gene in M. smegmatis confers resistance to DCS, but at lower levels than the overexpression of the alr gene. Furthermore, a strain overexpressing both the alr and ddl …
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 And Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Latency, Clinton J. Jones
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 And Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Latency, Clinton J. Jones
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
A high percentage of the world’s population are infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and infection can cause a variety of disorders (35, 187). Recurrent ocular HSV-1 is the leading cause of infectious corneal blindness in industrialized nations (190). In a murine model, ocular infection induces autoimmune disorders, leading to corneal antigen destruction and stromal keratitis (275). HSV-1 infections also cause gastrointestinal disorders, esophageal disorders, and approximately 25% of the genital herpes infections (67, 158). HSV-1 infections can cause sporadic encephalitis, but this is relatively rare compared to other diseases resulting from infection. Further evidence for its involvement …