Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Active Immunotherapy And Adoptive Cell Transfer As An Effective Cancer Treatment, Philip Jay Cynamon

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

There are many ways to fight cancer using the body’s own immune system. Some methods include the administration of vaccines while others involve stimulatory factors injected near tumors. One promising method is enlisting the help of T cells. To fight cancer effectively, T cells must be able to recognize cancerous antigens and the environment in which these T cells reside must be conducive to their function, survival, and proliferation. This paper discusses a method of providing such an environment called adoptive cell transfer, as well as the elements that effect this protocol and the ways in which the environment can …

Treating Acute Migraines: Triptans Vs. Antiemetics, Samuel Reisman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Influential American medical organizations and publications have published guidelines for the treatment of acute migraine headaches that omit antiemetics, usually suggesting triptans as the first line of treatment. A review of the few comparative studies directly contrasting clinical outcomes of triptans and antiemetics in the treatment of acute migraines suggest that both treatment options are relatively equal in efficaciousness. The added burden of triptan usage, including an added risk of adverse effects and a high cost per dose, would seem to warrant an antiemetic-first approach to migraine treatment, as recommended by several international health communities. Possible reasons for the prominent …

Is The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Tamiflu Effective In The Treatment Of Influenza?, Eliyakim Hershkop

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Influenza is a disease that has caused the deaths of tens of millions people in the last century alone. The influenza neuraminidase protein is essential in the mechanism infection. It enables the virus to leave the infected cell and proliferate. Antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor drugs can be used for treatment. The drug Tamiflu is the standard of care for both treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. The Cochrane reports of 2009 and 2014 conclude that evidence is lacking to support this. Numerous bodies disagree. Cochrane also question the accuracy and credibility of many studies and agencies in support of Tamiflu. This paper …

Is Proton Beam Therapy More Effective Than Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy In Prostate Cancer Treatment?, Daniel Zelefsky

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer found in American males. Breaking technological advances in prostate cancer treatment continue to develop to help fight this disease, one such is proton beam therapy. Proton beam therapy is theorized to spare even more healthy tissue than photon radiotherapy because it delivers a majority of its radiation during the Bragg peak. Since this technology is substantially costlier than any other form of radiation therapy, physicians are assessing its effectiveness and determining if it is worth the cost. Currently, there is no significant difference seen in patient quality of life between recipients …

Transposon Based Gene Therapy As A Treatment For Cancer, Jacob Stauber

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Gene therapy is the use of genes to treat or prevent diseases. Diseases such as cancer, which are difficult to treat using conventional methods, can be treated using gene therapy. The transport of the therapeutic transgene can be accomplished using viral or non-viral methods. However, widespread use of viral vectors is limited due to its high cost of manufacture and safety concern. Non-viral vectors are limited in their effectiveness. The use of transposons such as the Sleeping Beauty transposon system can effectively deliver the transgene with less concern than viral vectors. This review discusses the various vectors and treatment strategies …

Which Methods Of Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Are Most Effective And Most Closely Match Patient Lifestyle?, Yehudit Erlbaum

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

ADHD, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, is a disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattentiveness, inability to remain on task, fidgetiness, and impulsivity. An over absorption of dopamine by the dopamine transporters leads to a lack of dopamine, the inhibiting neurotransmitter in the brain, resulting in the inability for the individual to inhibit their impulses. The disease is most likely seen in children but may continue into adulthood. The length of the disease across the individual’s life span, results in expensive treatment, whether it be medication or Cognitive Behavior Therapy, CBT. Therefore, these medical costs have caused researchers to find the most efficient …

Biological Therapy In The Treatment Of Ulcerative Colitis, Tzipora Glanzman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a subdivision of inflammatory bowel disease, is a chronic disease of the large intestines. Ulcerative colitis is normally a lifelong chronic illness with times of intense flairs and remission. During a flare, the lining of the colon becomes inflamed, and develops small ulcers causing patients to experience rectal bleeding, vomiting, anemia and diarrhea. The treatment options available to treat colitis are very small, causing many patients to need a total colectomy with in the first five years of their diagnosis. However, recent advancement in bio-technology has led to the development of a large array of new therapeutic …

Characterizing The Response Of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae Species To The Application Of A Phage Cocktail, Steven Liu

Symposium

Project Summary: The application of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections is known as phage therapy, which takes advantage of bacteriophage’s natural ability to infect and lyse bacterial hosts. Phages have been shaped by billions of years of evolution to be highly specialized deliverers of bactericidal agents to the cytoplasm of their target bacteria. Ever since discovery of bacteriophages in 1915, phage therapy was recognized as a potentially powerful tool for eliminating bacterial infections. The effectiveness of phage therapy can be increased by creating a mixture of multiple phages to target a wider variety of bacterial strains. Furthermore, phage therapy has …

Ethical Dilemmas Posed In The Care Of Obese Patients In The Emergency Department, Arvind Venkat, Gregory Luke Larkin

Journal of Health Ethics

The rising prevalence of obesity represents a health care crisis. As the gateway to the health care system, the emergency department is the clinical setting where the difficulties posed by the care of obese patients are heightened. These difficulties include the increasing burden of obesity-related illnesses, the challenges posed in diagnostic evaluation and treatment and the known barriers to access to care seen in this patient population. The limitations posed by obesity on care in the emergency department, the one guaranteed access point for medical treatment, creates a series of ethical dilemmas for emergency physicians and the facilities in which …

Stem Cells As A Cure For Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Chaya K. Hirsch

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease which affects approximately 30,000 Americans at any given time (alsa.org, 2010). The etiology of this terminal disease unfortunately remains an unsolved mystery and has therefore severely limited the ability to find a cure. The use of stem cells to regenerate neurons has been vastly studied and have produced very promising results. However, its practicality as a cure or treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS, is greatly compromised. Three different therapies involving stem cells were examined, Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC), induced pluripotent stem cells, (iPSC) and direct reprogramming of adult …

The Search For Novel Inhibitors Of The Mycobacterial Enoyl Reductase Inha, Esther Saul

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Isoniazid (INH), one of two first-line drugs used to treat tuberculosis (TB), has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of InhA, the mycobacterial enoyl reductase. However, the increasing resistance to INH makes it imperative to find alternative drugs that are as effective as the first-line drugs, yet active against INH-resistant strains. Since InhA has been validated as an excellent target of TB, there have been attempts to find novel inhibitors of InhA. Through rational drug design, a variety of high affinity InhA inhibitors were synthesized. Triclosan itself was observed to be a suboptimal inhibitor of InhA with a K …

Current Research Of Extracorporeal Photopheresis And Future Applications, Chaim Lederer

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Photopheresis, also known as Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP) is making inroads in treatment of previously untreatable diseases. As the medical world has delved deeper into, Although the mechanisms of photopheresis are largely unknown, increasingly detailed studies have proven its efficacy. The lack of side effects has made photopheresis an ideal option for patients. The treatment is also versatile enough that it can be used as a mono-therapy or as a supplement to other traditional therapies. The use of photopheresis has been proven successful in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), and is currently being administered for …

Biomarkers In Nsclc Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations, Suzanne Freidman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Lung Cancer is the most common global cause of cancer related deaths in men and women (Markus, Alain, 2013). As standard radiation and chemotherapy have proved ineffective, novel target therapies are in the midst of development. This review will analyze the success of the inhibitor drugs targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation, commonly found amongst Lung Cancer patients. Numerous studies and reviews are utilized to determine the cause of the 10% success rate currently exhibited for these drugs. The L858R and E746-A750 point mutations and deletions respectively, were found prevalent in responsive patients as well as clinical-pathological features …

The Efficacy And Safety Of The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, Gail Tessler

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The HPV virus is said to be the cause of many infections, warts, and cancers. In addition to the fact that the treatment for HPV is not always successful, not every individual knows that s/he is infected and is very likely to infect his or her partner, too. This is one factor that explains why 14 million people each year in America alone contract HPV and makes cervical cancer so threatening to many people worldwide. In light of this and the known dangers of cervical, anal, vaginal and penile cancers, the HPV vaccine was created to prevent an infection of …

What Is The Role Of Incretin Mimetics In The Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes?, Isaac Silberstein

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an intricate disorder defined by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, hyperglycemia, and both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Standard antidiabetic agents like metformin, insulin, sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones are often insufficient at glucoregulation and do not address the decline in beta cell function that characterizes type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the adverse effects of some of these pharmaceuticals, such as hypoglycemia and weight gain, are disappointing and further limit their clinical utility. Research demonstrates that the actions of two potent incretins. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), address these concerns as they stimulate beta …

Are Oncolytic Viruses A Cure For Cancer? A Look At Reovirus, Adenovirus, And Hsv-1 In Cancer Treatment, Yehuda Rosenberg

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

This paper aims to evaluate the option of utilizing Oncolytic Viruses as a viable treatment in fighting cancer. However, due to the broad nature of the subject, a more limited purview is necessary. With that in mind, the focus will be on a few of the more researched ones: Reovirus, Adenovirus, and HSV-1. In each case, we will examine what makes each of these potential options. This will include an examination of each one's tumor-specificity. Cancer and viral physiology will be discussed as necessary to examine the distinct protein expressions in tumor cells, so that the virus's method of battling …

Efficacy Of Probiotics Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg And Saccharomyces Boulardii In The Treatment Of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea And Clostridium Diffiicile-Associated Disease, Estie Klugmann

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Antibiotic therapy may cause serious side effects. Two disturbing effects of antibiotic administration are antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated disorder. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea occurs as a direct result of the normal flora destruction due to the antibiotics - which do not discriminate against pathogens or healthy forms of bacteria. C. diff disorder also occurs as an indirect result of antibiotic administration, because the destruction of the normal flora prevents people from having healthy bacteria to prevent disease. There have been studies conducted to determine if replacing the destroyed normal flora with probiotics, or beneficial microorganisms will prevent or treat these conditions. …

Treatment Options For Parkinson’S Disease, Sara Russ

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is an excerpt from this article: Parkinson’s disease was first described and named Paralysis Agitans in 1817 by British physician James Parkinson (Lieberman 2004). Later on, it took on its current name after Dr. Parkinson. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder for which the cause is yet to be discovered. Like many other diseases, PD has numerous facets. Throughout all of its different stages, it presents with motor, as well as nonmotor, symptoms (Simuni et al. 2009). Though estimates of people affected by PD are constantly being made, it is difficult to determine a precise and accurate …

Imatinib Resistance In Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Rivky Kops

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disorder of blood stem cells in bone marrow, which leads to a rapid production of white blood cells. Of the patients diagnosed with CML, 95% have the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which means that chromosome 22 is smaller than regular (22 q-). Historically, the median survival time for chronic phase CML patients was four to five years, while the accelerated and blast (profusion of immature red blood cells in circulation) phases had a much shorter survival time. Recently, due to the revolutionary new drug imatinib, CML patients diagnosed early have a higher survival rate. Nevertheless, …

Quest For Vaccines To Treat Addiction, Rachel Florence

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Drug addiction is a prime example of biochemical psychology. When people use drugs such as nicotine, they trigger dopamine receptors in the brain, causing a pleasurable sensation. People want to repeat the feeling and thus get addicted to the drug. With the development of a vaccine to treat addiction, researchers attempt to prevent drugs from crossing over the bloodbrain barrier and triggering the dopamine receptors. Experiments and clinical trials prove the efficacy of the nicotine vaccine. However, Phase III trials and additional research are necessary before the vaccine can be launched for public use.

Is The Gallbladder Really Unnecessary? An Evaluation Of Gallstone Treatment, Danielle Weinberg

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is the introduction of this article: The red numbers on your alarm read two o’clock AM, but you’re wide awake. A dull ache below your ribs has tossed you from the blissful ignorance of sleep into the painful reality of another nocturnal attack. As the pale streaks of daylight appear, you grit your teeth in agony while the ambulance goes over yet another bump in its rush to get you to the emergency room. A blur of white coats, lab tests, and CT scans, and then you’re staring into the bright lights above the operating table as the …

Alteplase: The Clot Buster, Mayer Goldberg

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is an excerpt from the introduction of this article: The human body is defined by many complex and inconsistent characteristics. For example, the body forms blood clots in traumatic events, but blood clots are likewise associated with hazardous or fatal conditions. Platelets are small cells, derived from the precursor megakaryocytes, which are responsible for blood clotting to prevent bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel. Platelets fasten to each other and release a coagulation factor that solidifies around the ruptured area to prevent blood loss. A subordinate quantity of platelets can result in excessive bleeding. However, high platelet numbers …

Is Thrombolytic Therapy Safe When Used To Treat Elderly Patients?, Daniel Yaeger

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Recently, research has been conducted to determine if thrombolytic therapy works to dissolve clots and if it is a safe treatment option. The specific purpose of this study is to determine if thrombolytic therapy is safe for use in the elderly. This study was conducted by reviewing the relevant literature that has been published from the time that research began to test the usefulness of thrombolytic therapy. Numerous journals were examined to ensure impartiality and emerge with an unbiased conclusion. The journals were discovered using PubMed article finder, using Google as a search engine, and by scrutinizing relevant references found …

Role Stress, Emotional Exhaustion, And Job Satisfaction In The Hotel Industry: The Moderating Role Of Supervisory Support, Osman M. Karatepe

Hospitality Review

The purpose of this study is to investigate supervisory support as a moderator of the effects of role conflict and role ambiguity on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. This study also examines the moderating role of supervisory support on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. Data were collected from a sample of frontline hotel employees in Northern Cyprus. The aforementioned relationships were tested based on hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results demonstrate that supervisory support mitigates the impact of role conflict on emotional exhaustion and further reveal that supervisory support reduces the effect of emotional exhaustion on job …

Excitoxicity In Retinal Ischemia And Treatment Using Non-Competitive Receptor Antagonists, Jacob Rube

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is an excerpt from the article: Ischemia is defined as an inadequacy of blood flow to tissue. Ischemia can deprive tissue of oxygen and metabolic substrates and it can also prevent the removal of waste products. If the ischemia is maintained over enough time the tissue will lose its homeostasis and eventually die causing an infarct. Retinal ischemia occurs when the blood supply to the retina does not meet the metabolic needs that are required to sustain the retina. This can lead to retinal damage and severe vision loss. Ischemia is caused by occluded blood vessels.

Cardiac Regeneration, Sara Leah Abraham

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is an excerpt from the introduction to this article: Cardiovascular disease is a generic term that refers to any illness or disorder that involves the heart and its vessels or the blood vessels of the body. Cardiovascular disease has been accepted as the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control’s National Vital Statistics Reports, twenty six percent of deaths in 2006, 631,636 in total, were caused by diseases of the heart (Heron et al. 2009).

One of the most common of all cardiovascular diseases is Ischaemic Heart Disease. This coronary artery disease often …

Cardiac Tissue Regeneration - The Use Of Stem Cells, Chavy Friedlander

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is the introduction to the article: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of illness and fatality. Diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and subsequent congestive heart failure pose a serious problem to much of the population in the Unites States and all over the world. The heart’s compromised function that results from the above conditions is so influential as the heart has little capacity to repair its lost tissue; once the cardiac myocytes are destroyed its effects are amplified by a drastic decrease in cardiac function. Until recently with the advent of stem cell technology, researchers …

Does Hyperthermia Have A Therapeutic Role In Hiv Disease?, Linda M. Schecterle, John St. Cyr

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Rehabilitation Of The Deafened, Leslie D. Trott

Medical Arts and Sciences: A Scientific Journal of the College of Medical Evangelists

No abstract provided.

The Circulatory Effects Of Histamine, Fred B. Moor

Medical Arts and Sciences: A Scientific Journal of the College of Medical Evangelists

No abstract provided.