Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Clinical Decision Support For Intervention Reduction In Neonatal Patients: A Usability Assessment, Patrice Dolhonde Tremoulet

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Objective This study investigated how effectively simplified cognitive walkthroughs, performed independently by four nonclinical researchers, can be used to assess the usability of clinical decision support software. It also helped illuminate the types of usability issues in clinical decision support software tools that cognitive walkthroughs can identify. Method A human factors professor and three research assistants each conducted an independent cognitive walkthrough of a web-based demonstration version of T3, a physiologic monitoring system featuring a new clinical decision support software tool called MAnagement Application (MAP). They accessed the demo on personal computers in their homes and used it to walk …

A Delphi Study Of The Skills Necessary For A Speech-Language Pathologist Or Occupational Therapist To Be Successful In A Leadership Position, Jessica Miller

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this Delphi study was to identify the skills necessary for a speech-language pathologist or occupational therapist to be successful in a leadership position using an expert panel. In addition, the purpose was to rate the identified skills based on importance and lastly to determine the activities experts recommend to acquire the top-rated skills. Methodology: This study used a three-round Delphi method to collect data from expert leaders in speech-language pathology and occupational therapy. In Round 1, the expert panel was asked to identify the skills necessary to transition from a speech-language pathologist or occupational therapist to …

Counseling Active-Duty Female Service Members Who Have Experienced Sexual Assault: A Guide For Professional Counselors, Rebekah Cole, Rebecca Cowan, Taqueena Quintana

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Sexual assault is a prevailing problem for active duty women in the United States military. We explore the unique nature of military culture and explain the military’s dual pathway process for reporting sexual assault. In addition, we describe, in depth, evidence-based theoretical approaches applicable for counselors to use in their work with female service members who are survivors of sexual assault. Finally, we discuss sexual assault resources available to military clients and the steps counselors can take to engage in advocacy for and with this population.

Safety And Tolerability Of Carboplatin And Paclitaxel In Cancer Patients With Hiv (Amc-078), An Aids Malignancy Consortium (Amc) Study, Missak Haigentz, Page Moore, Milan Bimali, Timothy Cooley, Joseph Sparano, Michelle Rudek, Lee Ratner, David Henry, Juan Ramos, John Deeken, Paul Rubinstein, Elizabeth Chiao

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus are an underserved population for evidence-based cancer treatment. Paclitaxel and carboplatin (PCb) is an active regimen against a variety of solid tumors, including several seen in excess in patients with HIV infection. We performed a pilot trial to evaluate the safety of full-dose PCb in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and cancer.

Methods: Eligible patients, stratified by concurrent antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included CYP3A4 inhibitors or not, received paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) in combination with carboplatin (target AUC 6) intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles.

Results: Sixteen evaluable patients received …

Prevalence Of Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Women Born In The 1990s Vs The 1980s And Association With Hpv Vaccination In The Us, Zahed Shahmoradi, Haluk Damgacioglu, Jane Montealegre, Elizabeth Y Chiao, Keith Sigel, Kalyani Sonawane, Ashish A Deshmukh

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

This cross-sectional study examines rates of human papillomavirus infections among a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated women born in the 1990s.

Acculturation Strategies Of The Recent Wave Of Indonesian Migrants In Thailand, Muhammad Zamal Nasution, Rosalia Sciortino, Sakkarin Niyomsilpa, Sureeporn Punpuing

Journal of Health Research

Background: The rapid increase of Indonesian migrants to Thailand in the last two decades due to greater regional integration, transport connectivity, and internationalization of education. Different religion, socio-culture, and other sociodemographic factors might affect their adaptation to the Thai society.

Method: A mixed-method design was employed for data collection. The quantitative data were derived from an online survey of 268 respondents, while the qualitative data came from literature review, in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and direct observation.

Results: Indonesian migrants tended to opt for an integration strategy and to a lesser extent a separation strategy, with assimilation and marginalization ranking …

Teamwork That Affects Outcomes: A Method To Enhance Team Ownership, Brian Carlson, Richelle Graham, Brad Stinson, Jordan Larocca

Patient Experience Journal

Healthcare is the ultimate team sport, and this case study explores how to build teamwork across teams. The ability for nursing, environmental services and food and nutrition services to work collaboratively to benefit patients is paramount to a patients experience and outcomes. The case study describes how the work was done to build teams and then improved outcomes in both patient and employee experiences. The learnings are applicable to any team setting not just those described in this case study.

Experience Framework

This article is associated with the Staff & Provider Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework ( …

Global Child And Family-Centered Care Fellowship, Education And Mentorship For Pediatric Healthcare Professionals: A Literature Review, Ashley Zheng, Bobbijo Pansier

Patient Experience Journal

Child- and family-centered care (FCC) is increasingly accepted and implemented to optimize the healthcare experience for patients, their families, and healthcare professionals. Standish Foundation for Children, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, has designed and piloted a fellowship to educate pediatric healthcare professionals in FCC & psychosocial care via an inquiry and mentorship model in Tbilisis, Georgia. This review aimed to evaluate and synthesize existing literature on psychosocial and FCC mentorship for pediatric healthcare professionals in four parts: ongoing need, effects on healthcare professionals, effects on children and their families and/or caregivers, and in cross-country healthcare settings. Reviewers searched open-source databases for articles …

Effect Of Wearing Masks In The Hospital On Patient-Provider Interaction: “They (Providers) Need To Stay Safe For Their Family And Keep Us Safe.”, Jana L. Wardian, Mikayla Peralta, Chad Vokoun, Sarah E. Richards

Patient Experience Journal

Since March 2020 when the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic was widespread in the U.S., masks became a primary form of protection for healthcare workers when caring for patients. While wearing masks was not a new phenomenon in the health field, there is little known on how the use of them affects the patient-provider relationship. This study explored the experience of wearing masks on the patient-provider relationship in the hospital. This qualitative study involved interviews with both providers and patients at an academic hospital in the Midwest. At the time of this study, in July 2021, hospital …

Improving Workforce Experiences At United States Federally Qualified Health Centers: Exploring The Perceived Impact Of Generational Diversity On Employee Engagement, Verneda Bachus, Lihua Dishman, John W. Fick

Patient Experience Journal

This qualitative study aimed to explore a multigenerational workforce’s impact on employee engagement as perceived by Federally Qualified Health Centers’ (FQHCs) C-suite executives. It sought to answer one research question: What is the perceived impact of generational diversity on employee engagement of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) in the United States? This cross-sectional study was national. Primary data were collected using a self-developed, two-part survey instrument: (1) eight demographic questions and (2) two open-ended, short-answer questions. Cognitive interviews, reviews by five subject matter experts, and a pilot study were completed to ensure the instrument’s validity and reliability. Demographic data were …

Active Consideration Of Health And Nutritional Quality Of Food Choices, Christopher R. Gustafson

Cornhusker Economics

Everyone can be positively influenced by effective interventions promoting healthier food choices. A handful of recent papers have documented positive impacts on dietary quality resulting from interventions that remind people to consider health through prompt messages or subtle priming in supermarkets and in controlled, online experiments. These studies have focused on the impact of reminders on nutritional quality rather than explaining how reminders work. An exception, Arslain, Gustafson, and Rose (2021), collected data on multiple elements of individuals' choice processes to trace the impact of reminders on decisions, showing that reminder messages led people to consider a healthier set of …

Evidence-Based Best Practice Toolkit For Social Determinants Of Health: A Program Evaluation Review, Bryleigh Berry

Student Scholarly Projects

Despite an increase in healthcare expenditure, racial and ethnic disparities remain a substantial concern among adult primary care patients in the United States. This is largely due to the focus on medical intervention and disregard for the underlying factors that contribute significantly to health outcomes such as economic stability, educational access and quality, healthcare access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context. The PICOT question that guided this program evaluation review project is: In adult clients seeking care at a primary care clinic (P), how does a SDOH toolkit based on the CDC framework (I) compared …

Social Support Protected Mental Health During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jennifer Kowalkowski, Danielle C. Rhubart

Population Health Research Brief Series

Social support can protect mental health from the stressors of life during times of widespread crisis, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Using nationally representative data on U.S. working-age adults (18-64), this brief shows that those who reported having emotional support from family and friends were less likely to report negative mental health effects from the COVID-19 pandemic (32.9%) compared to those without emotional support (50.2%). Adults with higher levels of instrumental support – being able to count on someone for a $200 loan or for a place to live - were also less likely than those without those types of support …

Community Based Rehabilitation Programs For Resettled Muslim Women Refugees, Lori Maria Walton Phd, Dpt, Mscpt, Mph(S), Renee Hakim, Phd, Pt, Ncs, Veena Raigangar, Phd(C), Mscpt, M.Ed., Jennifer Schwartz, Dpt, Ncs, Sjm Ummul Ambia, Mscpt, Najah Zaaeed, Drph, Lmsw, Bassima Schbley

Journal of Health Ethics

According to the 2021 report from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 82.4 million people were forcibly displaced because of violence, wars, or persecution and over 26.4 million are currently living with refugee status. Displacement and resettlement trauma are associated with chronic disease onset and poor cognitive, physical, and mental health outcomes for refugee populations. To mitigate some of the deleterious effects of resettlement trauma, we propose a community-based rehabilitation program (CBRP) framework that is culturally sensitive, trauma-informed and focused on the vulnerabilities of women. The purpose of this novel CBRP framework is to address health inequities among a …

Employment Discrimination’S Impact On African American’S Professional And Personal Lives, Trey D. Williams

Information Systems Undergraduate Honors Theses

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it illegal to discriminate against a person because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The law also protects individuals from retaliation if they complain about discrimination, participate in an employment discrimination proceeding, or reasonably oppose discrimination. Although Title VII makes discrimination illegal, it is still present in the workplace. The objective of this thesis is to discuss employee discrimination based on race and sex. Specifically, I will analyze the current workplace discrimination against African American men and women as well as the psychological, physiological, and emotional effects …

Evaluation Of The Time To Ask Program At St. Croix Regional Family Health Center, Mary Lindsey Smith Phd, Evelyn Ali Bs, Tyler Egeland Ba

Substance Use Research & Evaluation

The goals of the Time to Ask (TTA) education and quality improvement program are to increase the capacity of the interprofessional care team to effectively, efficiently and compassionately discuss alcohol use with their patients through screening, brief intervention, and referral (SBIRT) as well as to expand regular screening and monitoring of unhealthy alcohol use at the practices. This infographic is a summary of a participant feedback following the TTA program at St. Croix Regional Family Health Center. For more information, please contact Lindsey Smith at [email protected]

Parents’ Perceptions Of Their Children’S Physical Activity During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emma Ostermeier, Patricia Tucker, Danielle Tobin, Andrew Clark, Jason Gilliland

Geography & Environment Publications

Background

COVID-19 has drastically changed the everyday lives of children, including limiting interactions with peers, loss of regularly organized activities, and closure of schools and recreational facilities. While COVID-19 protocols are in place to reduce viral transmission, they have affected children’s access to physical activity opportunities. The purpose of this study was to understand how COVID-19 has affected children’s engagement in physical activity and to identify strategies that can support children’s return to physical activity programming in public places.

Methods

Parents of past participants in the Grade 5 ACT-i-Pass Program in London, Ontario, Canada were invited to participate in a …

Evaluating The Student Training Equity Project: An Upstream Recruitment Approach To Diversifying Clinical Psychology Graduate Programs, Hannah L. Joseph, Mary Fernandes, Meghan Goyer, M. Alejandra Arce, Ciera Lewis, Claudia A. Delbasso, Suzann Lawry, Corey A. Walker, Omolade Amole, Mikael Sampson, Erin Tone

Georgia Educational Researcher

The U.S. psychology workforce is considerably less diverse than the population that it serves. While several recruitment and admission practices are effective for diversifying psychology training programs, upstream recruitment of underrepresented candidates is particularly promising. Aiming to diversify the clinical psychology graduate program applicant pool, the Student Training Equity Project (STEP) was developed to promote and evaluate upstream recruitment of undergraduate students of color interested in psychology graduate studies. This study used a mixed-method design to evaluate immediate outcomes for three STEP programmatic strategies. Survey results suggest that STEP networking events were associated with undergraduate research and mentorship opportunities. Findings …

Environmental Communication: Changing The Attitude-Behavioral Gap In Science Communication Utilizing Strategic Messaging, Carrie Helgeson Nelms

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

National Polls in the United States consistently find the public’s beliefs and attitudes about climate change and other environmental issues significantly diverge from those held by the science community. A communication gap between the findings on the causes and effects of environmental issues and the public’s inability to interpret or refuse to accept these findings are possible causes of this divergence. This communication gap constitutes a threat to society because of inaction to environmental problems and points to needed changes in scientific messaging that better informs and motivates behavioral change. The present research employed a strategic message design to affect …

Social And Demographic Disparities In The Adherence Of Chronic Hypertension Medication During Pregnancy, Elizabeth Nyamwange '23

External Student Research Opportunities

Occurring in approximately 6-8% of all pregnancies, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are one of the major causes of pregnancy-related maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although there are many low-cost medications that can adequately treat this condition, patient adherence to these medications can vary widely. The objective of this study was to assess adherence to anti-hypertensive medication by pregnant women and to identify the social and demographic factors associated with incomplete adherence. Using a cohort of 28,008 publicly-insured women who initiated anti-hypertensive treatment within the first 20 weeks of gestation, we assessed dosage within biweekly gestational intervals, created …

Himmelfarb Library Liaison Letter - August 2022, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Library Liaison Letters

No abstract provided.

Lgbtq+ And Dental Education: Analyzing The Present And Recommendations For The Future, Diana V. Macri, Colin Haley Dds, Herminio Perez Dmd, Scott Schwartz Dds

Publications and Research

LGBTQ+ populations constitute increasing proportions of children, adolescents, and adults in the United States. Compared to their heterosexual counterparts, this group suffers from health inequities, including oral health. The report “Oral Health: Advances and Challenges” identified the LGBTQ+ community as an underserved population which faces significant barriers in accessing oral health care. Coverage of LGBTQ+ topics in formal education settings in both dental schools and dental hygiene programs is scarce, which contributes to inequities within this group. Increasing curriculum content related to LGBTQ+ populations is of utmost importance to promote optimal patient-provider interactions while improving oral health outcomes. Ensuring equity …

Analysis Of The Utilization Of Nebraska Medicine's Price Transparency Tool, Ingrid A. Olson

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Healthcare costs have become a significant concern for patients, healthcare facilities, economists, and politicians within the United States. In an effort to understand and reduce health-related costs, price transparency laws were enacted at the beginning of 2021. Because of these new laws, hospitals must provide a price transparency tool for their patients. “Price transparency in healthcare makes pricing information more readily available, defines the value of services, and enables patients and other care purchasers to identify, compare, and choose providers that offer the desired level of value” (AAMC, 2022). However, research results on price transparency tools use and efficacy is …

The Differences In Mental Well-Being For Individuals With And Without Service Dogs, Katelyn Morales

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Trained service dogs can be used for many tasks, but the growing literature focuses on the benefits of the psychosocial health and well-being of individuals experiencing depression or anxiety. This study analyzes the effects of service dogs on the mental well-being of individuals with a diagnosed disability who have depression or anxiety. This quasi-experimental design assesses the mental well-being of individuals who have a service dog compared to those who do not have a service dog. Mental well-being was measured using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) and focused on individuals with a service dog and diagnosed depression or anxiety …

The Media Discourses On Organ Donation And Transplantation In Spain (1954-2020) And Their Implications For Spanish Nationalism, Rebeca Herrero Sáenz

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Spain has been the global leader in organ donation and transplantation since 1992, an achievement that has become a source of national pride, in a country where national symbols are heavily contested. In this dissertation I examine the changing meanings that organ donation and transplantation have acquired in contemporary Spain, focusing specifically on their implications for different aspects of Spanish nationalism. To do so, I employ a modified version computational grounded theory, a mixed-methods approach that combines topic modeling with interpretive analysis, to identify and interpret the narratives around organ donation and transplantation circulated by the Spanish press between 1954 …

Intolerance Of Uncertainty Specific To Compulsive Exercise : Development And Preliminary Validation Of The Exercise-Specific Intolerance Of Uncertainty Scale, Christina Scharmer

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Compulsive exercise is poorly understood and difficult to treat. Overlap between definitions of compulsive exercise, eating disorders and OCD suggests that conceptualizations of these disorders may include shared underlying mechanisms, including intolerance of uncertainty. Although intolerance of uncertainty is traditionally conceptualized as a non-specific construct representing an individual’s dispositional distress in the face of general uncertainty, identifying specific forms of intolerance of uncertainty may further assist in understanding the specific factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of problematic behaviors, including compulsive exercise. The current study aimed to develop an assessment instrument that captures exercise-specific variations in intolerance of …

Understanding Deaths Of Despair In Us Counties Through Bourdieu's Theory Of Capital, Seulki Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The overarching goal of this dissertation is to examine a recent rise in rates of deaths from suicide, alcohol, and drugs, labeled together as “deaths of despair” in the United States using Bourdieu’s theory of capital. Although the deaths of despair phenomenon is a product of a complex process related to various material and non-material factors, there is no theoretical framework that is able to account for different domains of predictors. Thus, this dissertation aims to fill this gap by drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of capital and systematically investigating the relationships of mortality rates attributed to suicide, alcohol, and opioid …

Treating Anonymous Patients : The Effectiveness, Costs, And Strategies Of Promoting The Use Of Expedited Partner Therapy, Andre Kiesel

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite decades of concerted efforts to prevent their spread, chlamydia andgonorrhea remain two of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in the United States (U.S.) — exacting a high toll in terms of human health and healthcare expenditure. Though easily cured with antibiotics, both infections may lead to damaging secondary health conditions – known as sequelae – if untreated, including infertility among females. However, treating diagnosed individuals (known as “index patients”) is not enough—it is critical to also care for their recent sex partners as well, lest they reinfect the treated patient. Partner referral is the traditional approach to partner …

Prevalence And Predictors Of Polypharmacy In Adolescents Who Have Engaged In Sexually Abusive Behaviors, Rebecca Gilley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Polypharmacy, or the concurrent use of multiple medications, is associated with detrimental outcomes for patients and has gathered increasing attention within the scientific clinical literature. Pediatric populations warrant special consideration for the practice of polypharmacy, as medication effects are more pronounced in youth and adverse effects may have a lasting impact on development. This dissertation study examined psychotropic prescribing practices in a sample of adolescents who have engaged in sexually abusive behaviors, a subset of justice-involved youth who are at risk for polypharmacy. General prescribing trends were examined, and a principle components analysis involving variables associated with risk of polypharmacy …

An Innocent Bystander Walks Into A Bar: The Influence Of Temporal Proximity And Familiarity On Unconscious Transference, Nia Gipson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

According to The Innocence Project, 69% of DNA exonerations in the United States involved mistaken eyewitness identification as a contributing factor to these errant convictions. Psychologists have contributed towards minimizing mistaken identifications by proposing best practices that law enforcement still follow today. One understudied cause of mistaken eyewitness identification is unconscious transference (UT). UT is a memory error in which a person encountered in an innocent context becomes confused with a person seen in a guilty context (Loftus, 1976). Past research has established some boundary conditions for when UT can occur; however, the limited methodology has resulted in narrow conclusions …