Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

What Does Randomization Do?, Michael A. Lewis

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

In the health and social sciences, when it comes to causal inference, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard. The justification for granting RCTs this status is the claim that random allocation to different treatment groups addresses the problem of confounding variables by ensuring that any differences in observed outcomes across treatment groups can be attributed only to differences in treatment. I contend that this is a misunderstanding of what random allocation does and that once we see where this argument goes wrong, it becomes clear that the difference, concerning causal inference, between a single observational study versus …

Pass It Along: Learning About Health Inequities Through Project-Based Learning And A Student-Developed Workshop, Marcy S. Ekanayake-Weber, Deanna Cunha, Kristi L. Fung, Sydney Macgregor, Nicole Ribeiro, Nicholas Smith

International Journal of Transformative Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

People in marginalized communities experience reduced quality of healthcare due to complex interactions between implicit bias, stereotypes, and structural inequities, but future healthcare providers remain unprepared to confront these problems. To address the issue of health inequities in health sciences education, a project-based learning seminar for undergraduates called “Biology of Inequity” was developed and offered by the Department of Anthropology at [redacted] University in Spring semester 2022. Following the project-based learning (PBL) framework, the course was extremely interactive, culminating in a project where students were asked to “materially improve health inequalities out in the real world.” The students responded by …

The Readiness For Integrated Primary Health Care (Ilp) At Puskesmas Pamulang In Tangerang Selatan City, Firda Safitri Rachmaningsih, Kurnia Sari

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

. Integrated primary healthcare (ILP) is part of the transformation of primary healthcare aimed at improving access to quality healthcare. This study aims to analyze the readiness of Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) and their networks to implement ILP. This research used a qualitative approach, focusing on a case study of a Puskesmas in an urban setting, specifically in the operational area of Puskesmas Pamulang in South Tangerang. Data collection methods include in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. This research adopts the conceptual framework of PHC monitoring based on WHO and Weiner's theory of organizational change readiness. The research findings indicate …

Analysis Of Covid-19 Prevention And Control Policy Implementation In Islamic Boarding Schools In Dki Jakarta, Dickha Adi Wibowo, Fajar Ariyanti

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Indonesia, as one of the countries affected by COVID-19, has implemented various efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. One effort that can be implemented is the implementation of COVID-19 prevention protocols. Apart from that, according to the COVID-19 Handling Task Force, Islamic boarding schools are locations with high mobility. This research aims to determine the implementation of policies related to the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Islamic boarding schools in the DKI Jakarta Province. This research used descriptive research with a qualitative approach, with the number of respondents being three Islamic boarding school leaders and students. The results …

Contextualizing Policy Adoption: A Case Study Of Tuberculosis Control Policy In Depok City, Tri Auri Putri Ayuningtyas, Adang Bachtiar

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

This study analyzes the formulation and implementation process of Depok Mayor Regulation No. 61 of 2023 on Tuberculosis (TB) Control using Friedman’s legal system theory (1975) and the eight General Principles of Good Governance (Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik – AUPB). The regulation provides a comprehensive framework, encompassing promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative aspects to support TB control. The legal structure includes the establishment of a cross-sectoral Tuberculosis Control Acceleration Team, involving government agencies and community organizations. Findings reveal that while the regulation has fulfilled several AUPB principles, such as legal certainty, utility, and public interest, there are areas …

The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Self-Management Behavior In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Control, Fatimah Dwi Cahyani, Shrimarti Rukmini Devy

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Diabetes mellitus gestasional (DGM) merupakan kondisi kesehatan yang meningkat dalam kehamilan dan dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius bagi ibu dan janin. Self-management yang mencakup pemahaman, penerapan, dan pemeliharaan perilaku kesehatan memiliki peran kunci dalam mengelola DGM. Health Belief Model (HBM) digunakan sebagai kerangka kerja teoretis yang membentuk dasar intervensi untuk meningkatkan self-efficacy pada ibu hamil dengan GDM. Studi ini menganalisis hubungan antara efikasi diri dan manajemen diri dalam pengendalian diabetes gestasional pada ibu hamil. Artikel ini adalah tinjauan pustaka dengan menerapkan metode pencarian literatur. Pencarian literatur dilaksanakan melalui tiga basis data yaitu PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar, yang mencakup artikel-artikel yang …

Implementation Of Emr System In Indonesian Health Facilities: Benefits And Constraints – A Case Study Of Two Clinics In Central Java, Rasyid Juliansyah, Bukhori Aqid, Andien Putri Salsabila, Kurnia Nurfiyanti

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

This paper delves into the widespread implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) within healthcare facilities across Indonesia. It addresses the challenges encountered by clinic owners and healthcare providers in transitioning to these digital systems. The study is supported by empirical data collected through a mixed-method approach, combining internal data from Klinik Pintar with qualitative validation from key stakeholders responsible for clinic operations. The research focuses on two case studies: Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LAPAS) II Purwokerto Clinic and Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Purbalingga Clinic, where the adoption of EMR is analyzed in terms of efficiency, compliance with regulatory standards set by the …

The Role Of Social Support In Protecting Against Perinatal Depression Among Egyptian Women, Radwa Raafat Abdelshafi

Theses and Dissertations

Perinatal Depression (PND) is a global public health issue affecting many women as they transition to motherhood, and carrying detrimental consequences for both mothers and infants. Research in low and middle-income countries shows higher PND prevalence rates than in high-income and Western countries. In addition, social support has been shown to strongly protect or reduce the impact of PND. This study aimed to address a gap in research on PND in Egypt, and to build an understanding of the social support ecological system of new mothers. A survey was conducted with 81 first-time middle-class mothers living in Greater Cairo between …

Determinants Of Physicians' Brain Drain In Egypt, Mennatallah Elbeheiry

Theses and Dissertations

Egypt is enduring a significant shortage of physicians, despite the annual graduation of approximately 10,000 medical students from its 27 medical schools. In 2016, the physician density was alarmingly low, with only one doctor per 12,285 people. This shortage is exacerbated by a physicians’ brain drain, as Egypt is a leading exporter of physicians to countries like the United Kingdom and Australia. As of 2020, the Egyptian Medical Syndicate reported 212,835 registered physicians, yet 56 percent of them work abroad, and only about 62,000 are actively employed in public hospitals, serving a population of over 110 million. The government’s efforts …

Ask The Experts: Community Engagement Studios To Inform Research On Cannabis Use In Cancer Symptom Management, Brittney Greene, Grace Mckenzie, Keenan Gibbons, Salimah Meghani, Brooke Worster, Rebecca Ashare

Institute of Emerging Health Professions Faculty Papers

AIM: Despite one-third of patients with cancer using cannabis for symptom management, little is known about their access to and usage of cannabis. Community Engagement (CE) studios involving community experts with chronic health conditions were used to inform a qualitative study on access to and use of cannabis products among patients with cancer.

METHOD: We conducted two 2-hour CE studios with residents from Western NY (WNY) (N = 18). Our sample primarily included White and Black residents (56% vs. 39%). After a researcher-led 10-minute presentation, a community facilitator led the discussion, which focused on questions about challenges to cannabis …

Examining The Effects Of A Social Cognitive Intervention Aimed At Promoting Appropriate Antibiotic Use Self-Efficacy, Erin M. Hill, Andriana Frost

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Our goal in this study was to examine the effect of a social cognitive intervention aimed at improving appropriate antibiotic use self-efficacy (AAUSE). The intervention incorporated several aspects of self-efficacy theory, including mastery, vicarious learning, and verbal persuasion. To test the effectiveness of the intervention, we used two comparison conditions—reading a pamphlet focused on antibiotic resistance (ABR) or one focused on general health (diet, physical activity, sleep). A total of 226 undergraduate students completed the study, which involved completing a series of questions/questionnaires at time 1 (preintervention), engaging in the intervention (or reading a pamphlet), and then completing the time …

Network Analysis Of Headache Diagnoses Using International Classification Of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition, Pengfei Zhang, Thomas Berk

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition (ICHD-3), significantly influences clinicians' understanding of headache disorders. In this study, we aim to elucidate how the hierarchical structure of ICHD-3 shapes the understanding of interconnectivity among headache disorders.

METHODS: A network comprises elements known as "nodes," with the connections between them referred to as "edges." In our study, a node represents a headache diagnosis that meets at least one ICHD-3 diagnostic criterion of the ICHD-3. We developed two network models for ICHD-3: a non-hierarchical model, where edges are only formed by cross-references found within the text of diagnoses, …

Investigating Suicide Risk Factors Among Appalachian West Virginian Adults, Erin D. Caswell, Angela M. Dyer, Summer D. Hartley, Caroline P. Groth, Mary Christensen, Sahiti K. Tulabandu, Bryce K. Weaver, Ruchi Bhandari

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Suicide rates in the United States have increased over the past two decades, with rural areas, particularly the Appalachian Region, facing unique challenges that elevate suicide risk. These include economic hardships, social isolation, and limited access to mental health services.

Purpose: This study addresses critical gaps in understanding lifetime suicide risk in West Virginia (WV), a predominantly rural state entirely within the Appalachian Region. By identifying the factors driving urban-rural differences in suicide risk, this research seeks to inform interventions tailored to the state's distinct needs and provide insights applicable to the broader Appalachian Region

Methods: Using 2021 Mountain …

Current Attitudes And Barriers Among Appalachian Patients Towards Orthopaedic Surgery, Dylan Smith Md, Justin B. West Ms, Wade Smith Md, Micah Macaskill Md, Jonathan Lash, Matthew W. Bullock Do, Mpt

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: This study explores the challenges faced by residents of rural West Virginia in accessing orthopaedic care due to geographic and socioeconomic barriers.

Purpose: This study seeks to survey rural West Virginia residents about their attitudes and experiences regarding access to orthopaedic care in southern West Virginia.

Methods: A total of 132 electronic surveys were collected from rural West Virginia residents during an appointment with their primary care provider located at an affiliated outreach clinic. The survey was designed to investigate various factors influencing their access to orthopaedic care.

Results: Delays in seeking orthpaedic care are common in rural West …

The Journal Of Appalachian Health: A Year Of Growth And Impact, Noah Wren, Bradley Firchow, Emily Wilson, Randy Wykoff

Journal of Appalachian Health

The Journal of Appalachian Health continues to grow in strength and reach, serving as a critical platform for research and discussion on the unique health challenges and opportunities in Appalachia, as well as how the challenges and opportunities Appalachia faces are local manifestations of broader regional and global phenomena. Over the past year, we have witnessed a remarkable expansion in our readership, reflecting the increasing demand for evidence-based insights into the health of our region.

Life After, John C. Lyden

Journal of Religion & Film

This is a film review of Life After (2025), directed by Reid Davenport.

Legacy Of The Voices Project: Pausing For, Listening To, And Sharing Patient Narratives, Ryan N. Heine, Gheri Terry, Aditya H. Gaur

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

In today’s information-overloaded and fast-paced world, it is imperative that healthcare providers, including clinical care and research teams, “Pause” for, “Listen” to, and “Share” what their patients and research participants have to say. The VOICES Project at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital offers that opportunity and is creating an everlasting, powerful legacy – one that could meaningfully change the healthcare and clinical research landscape.

Challenges And Opportunities In The Dissemination Of Scientific Content: Insights From Media Professionals In Jordan, Ruba Mustafa Mohammad Dr, Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Rajabi Dr, Hala Nabil Amr

Middle East Journal of Communication Studies

This study explored the challenges and opportunities in disseminating scientific content from the perspective of media experts in Jordan. Using a descriptive methodology and a questionnaire, the research aimed to understand the landscape better. The sample included 343 media experts holding master's degrees or higher in various media fields, along with several journalists actively working in the sector. The study revealed several key findings. Chief among them are the numerous obstacles hindering the dissemination of scientific content in Jordanian media. These include a lack of training for journalists on accessing new scientific information, a general absence of critical thinking skills …

The Degree Of Dependence Of The Jordanian Public On Social Media In Health Awareness Of Obesity Diseases (Survey Study), Jumana Irshiedat Dr, Kamel Khurshid Murad Prof

Middle East Journal of Communication Studies

The article aimed to reveal the dependency of social media platforms in educating the Jordanian public about obesity diseases and explore the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects on the Jordanian public. The survey method was adopted; an approach used in descriptive studies, and the questionnaire tool was used to a sample (357) of the Jordanian public in Amman. The study-produced results including the platform most used by the Jordanian public to receive knowledge about health awareness is WhatsApp in the first place, followed by Instagram and then Facebook. The results also showed that the health topics of most interest to …

The Energy Transition In The Jordanian Media, Hanan Al-Shiekh Dr

Middle East Journal of Communication Studies

The study aimed to clarify the role of scientific journalism towards stimulating investment in environmentally friendly renewable energy sources, which is one of the necessary challenges facing the Kingdom of Jordan for economic growth and social development, due to its heavy dependence on energy imports, which reflects negatively on the Jordanian economy. This study is one of the descriptive studies that focuses on describing a specific topic, as it is in the current reality, in terms of its general and detailed characteristics, including variables, elements, relationships, and influences, which are among the most prominent features of scientific journalism in terms …

The Role Of Television In Increasing Knowledge About Health Issues Among Jordanian Citizens, Izzat Mohammad Hijab Prof, Ahmad Oreqat Dr, Hani Al-Badri Dr

Middle East Journal of Communication Studies

This study explores the role of TV health programs in increasing the knowledge of Jordanian citizens about health issues. The study was based on the social survey methodology through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 200 people from the city of Amman watching Jordan Television (JTV) health programs. The researcher concluded the following; a high watching for health programs, and that the Jordanians watch health programs with their family at home. The study also confirmed that the Jordanian benefits from health programs provided by JTV, and these programs are important and essential in educating citizens in health issues. Finally, …

01.27.2025 Ored Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

Data Science for Addiction Research

UM research and related activities as a new presidential administration transition occurs

Hispanic Patients Undergoing Spinal Fusion For Neuromuscular Scoliosis Sustain Health Inequalities, Armando S Martinez, David Momtaz, Travis Kotzur, Alexandra Mclennan, Abdullah Ghali, Farhan Ahmad, Ebubechi Adindu, Alan C Santiago-Rodriquez, Ali Seifi, Brian Smith

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Pre- and postoperative optimization remains a complex process impacted by various demographic factors. Our study aims to identify and describe those demographic factors associated with poor outcomes after spinal fusion with instrumentation in neuromuscular scoliosis to reduce health disparities and improve postoperative outcomes.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data from 2016 to 2020, encompassing a random sample of 20% of procedures in the United States. Data included demographic and hospital variables, including days from admission to the procedure, length of stay, recovery time, total charge, discharge disposition, and mortality rates. In addition …

An Investigation Of Travel Distance And Timeliness Of Breast Cancer Treatment Among A Diverse Cohort In The United States, Swann Arp Adams, Oluwole Adeyemi Babatunde, Whitney Zahnd, Peiyin Hung, Karen E. Wickersham, Nathaniel Bell Ph.D., Jan M. Eberth Ph.D.

Publications

Travel to and from distant cancer treatment facilities can place a significant burden on cancer patients, particularly rural and minority survivors. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to examine the association between patient travel distance and delays in types of treatment for breast cancer (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy) and treatment delays. Using a novel linkage between the state cancer registry and administrative data from Medicaid and a private insurance plan, 2155 BC patients were successfully linked to create the cohort. ArcGIS was used to geocode all case residences and treatment facility addresses and calculate network distance between …

Analisis Faktor Risiko Distres Pada Petugas Kpps Di Tangerang Selatan: Studi Kasus Pemilu Tahun 2024, Puti Intan Sari, Dadan Erwandi

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

General elections or elections are processes for citizens to elect the president, vice president, and representatives directly. Elections are organized by various organizations or bodies, one of which is the polling station organizing group (KPPS). Based on studies, KPPS officers bear a heavy workload leading to distress among them. This research aims to analyze distress risk factors among KPPS officers in South Tangerang during the 2024 elections. The study uses a quantitative method with a cross-sectional study design. Data analysis involves descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that 68.8% of the officers experience moderate stress, while 31.2% experience mild …

Kajian Risiko Kesehatan Pajanan Bahaya Kimia Benzene, Toluene, Dan Xylene Pada Pekerja Laboratorium Lubricant Pt X, Muhammad Reyhan Ahadin Pratama, Mila Tejamaya

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Lubricant laboratory pose various occupational safety and health hazards to their workers. Exposure to chemical hazards can occur through multiple routes and can lead to both acute and chronic health risks for laboratory workers. This study aims to analyze the health risks associated with exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) among lubricant laboratory workers at PT X. The study was conducted from February to June 2024 using a descriptive analytical research design with the chemical health risk assessment method from the Department of Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH) 2018. Data collection techniques were employed quantitatively through personal exposure measurements …

Analisis Implementasi Prosedur Keselamatan Distribusi Bbm: Studi Kasus Pt Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Jambi, Tiara Sebrina Afrianti, Hafiz Adli Ananda, Taufiq Ihsan

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Distribution of fuel oil (FO) using tanker trucks is highly risky. Although PT Pertamina Patra Niaga has adopted the Tanker Truck Safety Management System, accidents still occur. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of FO distribution safety procedures at PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Jambi. This study used a cross-sectional approach. Primary data were collected through direct observation of 50 tanker trucks, including the physical condition, completeness of documents, and driver behavior. Secondary data, such as accident and inspection reports, were also analyzed. Fishbone analysis was used to identify the root cause, and scoring was done to determine …

Hubungan Konsentrasi Pm 2,5 Dengan Keluhan Gangguan Pernapasan Pada Pekerja Uji Mekanis Up Pkb Pulo Gadung, Armando Wijaya Tampubolon, Doni Hikmat Hikmat Ramdhan

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Vehicle emissions including traffic and transportation emissions have become the largest source of particulates in many cities in various countries. Health problems due to particulates from motor vehicles can not only occur around the highway, but can also occur in industries that are in contact with motor vehicles. Under these conditions, researchers wanted to conduct a study at UP PKB Pulo Gadung to see the relationship between PM_2.5 concentrations and complaints of respiratory problems. The study sample totaled 38 people, consisting of mechanical testers and FKM UI community members as a comparison sample. The average result of measurements taken …

What Women Intercollegiate Coaches Say: Decision-Making Factors When Navigating Career Choices, Courtney Boucher, Nicole M. Lavoi

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

To address misconceptions about the lack of women in sport coaching, factors influencing intercollegiate women coaches' career decisions, including their choices to leave positions, apply for new ones, and accept or deny job offers were explored. Utilizing a multi-level analysis underpinned by critical feminist theory, a comprehensive understanding of the systemic and structural barriers women coaches faced, as well as the strategies they employed to navigate their careers were illuminated. Key findings revealed that unequal pay, lack of administrative support, insufficient resources, and pervasive gender biases significantly impacted women's career choices. The importance of supportive workplace environments, flexible working conditions, …

The Caitlin Clark Effect: Illuminating Women’S Sport History, Shelley Lucas

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

The Caitlin Clark Effect is a term that describes the impact of the University of Iowa basketball player on the popularity of women’s basketball, which occurred in conjunction with Clark’s record-breaking performances in 2023 and 2024, as well as the Iowa team’s successes in the NCAA championship tournament. While the Caitlin Clark Effect is associated with intense media attention, ticket sales, and viewership, it also illuminates significant and lesser-known aspects of women’s sport history, specifically media coverage, the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW), and the state of Iowa’s unique basketball heritage and ‘6-on-6’ basketball rules. The purpose of …