Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Geographic Variation In The Delivery Of High-Value Public Health Services: Exploring Causes & Consequences, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

OBJECTIVES: A growing body of evidence indicates that the delivery of public health activities varies widely across states and communities, creating missed opportunities for prevention as well as inequities in health protection. Measures of quality in public health are needed to guide public health improvement initiatives and to support research on the comparative effectiveness of alternative public health strategies. The Multi-network Practices and Outcomes Variation Examination Study (MPROVE), uses the infrastructure of six Public Health Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs) across the U.S. to develop and validate a “starter set” of measures and to analyze geographic variation delivery across diverse public …

Cost Estimates Of Foundational Public Health Services: Results From Piloting An Expert Consensus Methodology, C. B. Mamaril, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

We review preliminary estimates from pilot testing a cost estimation methodology developed to identify the resources required to implement a set of Foundational Public Health Services as recommended by the Institute of Medicine and defined by the Public Health Leadership Forum.

Parents' And Children's Emotions Spanning The Hiv Disclosure Process In Kenya, Grace Gachanja, Gary J. Burkholder Jr, Aimee Ferraro

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

2014 APHA Annual Conference Tuesday, November 18, 2014 New Orleans, LA

HIV disclosure from parent to child is challenging. While disclosure is expected to be emotion for parents and children, the total disclosure experience has not been described. The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of HIV - positive parents and their children in Kenya during the disclosure process.

Medicaid Expansions & Public Health Spending: Cross-Subsidies, Complementarities, And Crowd-Out, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

In this paper we estimate the causal impact of state Medicaid enrollment expansions and expenditures on state and local resources allocated to other public health programs and services. Using a quasi-experimental design with instrumental variables estimation, we find evidence that increased Medicaid spending leads to reduced governmental spending on other public health services, consistent with a crowd-out effect. Over 10 years, such crowd-out has the potential to diminish the health status improvements generated through health insurance coverage expansions.

Aca Implementation In Kentucky: Experiences Of An Expansion State, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Kentucky's implementation of the Affordable Care Act has included early successes with insurance coverage expansion through Medicaid and a state-operated health insurance exchange. Signals of improvements in health care accessibility and delivery of preventive services are evident in the first year after coverage expansions. Challenges associated with political opposition, delivery system transformation, and public health financing remain on the state's policy agenda.

Word Recognition In Noise Among Young And Older Listeners: A Combined Behavioral And Electrophysiological Study, Victoria Ann Williams-Sanchez

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Word recognition is based on the complex interplay of bottom up processing of acoustic input and corresponding top-down processing based on linguistic redundancies (i.e., contextual cues). Friedrich and Kotz (2007) investigated the timeline of integrating top-down and bottom-up processes among young adults with normal hearing using sentences presented in quiet. As a follow-up study, also with young adults with normal hearing (Experiment 1 of this dissertation), we used sentences embedded in multi-talker background noise and found similar results to Friedrich and Kotz (2007); but, with the use of principal component analysis (PCA) unveiled additional effects of phonological and semantic integration …

Filling In The Blanks On Reducing Tobacco Product Addictiveness In The Fctc Partial Guidelines For Articles 9 & 10, Eric N. Lindblom

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The existing Partial Guidelines for Implementation of Articles 9 & 10 of the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control includes a strategy for regulating tobacco products to reduce their attractiveness, but does not yet provide any guidance for reducing either the toxicity or the addictiveness of tobacco products. Section 1.2.1.2, “Addictiveness (dependence liability),” states only that: “This section has been left blank intentionally to indicate that guidance will be proposed at a later stage.” A related footnote says that the blanks will be filled “as new country experience, and scientific, medical and other evidence become available. . . [and] will …

Cost Estimates Of Foundational Public Health Services: Results From Piloting The Expert Consensus Methodology In Kentucky, C. B. Mamaril, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

We developed a methodology for estimating the resources required to deliver a set of foundational public health capabilities as recommended in the 2012 Institute of Medicine report on public health financing. The capabilities are based on IOM recommendations and defined by a national expert panel convened as part of the Public Health Leadership Forum. This paper presents preliminary estimates from a pilot test of the cost estimation methodology in Kentucky, and outlines plans for the national estimation strategy.

Exploring The Use Patterns Of A Mobile Health Application For Alcohol Addiction Before The Initial Lapse After Detoxification, Ming-Yuan Chih

Health and Clinical Sciences Faculty Publications

How patients used Addiction-Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (A-CHESS), a mobile health intervention, while quitting drinking is worthy exploring. This study is to explore A-CHESS use patterns prior to the initial lapse reported after discharge from inpatient detoxification programs. 142 patients with alcohol addiction from two treatment agencies in the U.S. were included. A comprehensive set of A-CHESS use measures were developed based on a three-level system use framework and three A-CHESS service categories. In latent profile analyses, three A-CHESS system use patterns-inactive, passive, and active users-were found. Compared to the passive users (with the highest chance of the initial …

Ohio Department Of Youth Services: Juveniles And Their Mental Health Issues, Danya E. Gregory

Learning Showcase 2014

During the 1960’s, an explosion of interest in child abuse and neglect became prominent and it all came together with the case of Gerald Frances Gault, gained national attention to the plight of juveniles. Gerald and his friend were making obscene phone calls and he was taken to jail without the benefit of is parents being notified, being detained until his hearing and charges being lodged against him, convicted and sent to a juvenile correctional facility until his 21st birthday. Until this case became prominent, many youth were not given legal counsel, and just being sent to away because it …

The Santa Clara, 2014-11-13, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

Current Perspectives On Primary Care Workforce, Kathleen Klink

Health Workforce Speaker Series

No abstract provided.

Optimizing Public Health Systems For Population Health Improvement: Institutions, Economics, And Metrics, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

This lecture reviews the evidence concerning the institutional and economic characteristics of public health delivery systems and their impact on population health. Emerging findings from these studies suggest promising pathways for transforming the U.S. public health system in ways that strengthen its effectiveness, efficiency and equity in producing health. .

Alzheimer's Therapeutics Targeting Amyloid Beta 1-42 Oligomers I: Abeta 42 Oligomer Binding To Specific Neuronal Receptors Is Displaced By Drug Candidates That Improve Cognitive Deficits, Nicholas J. Izzo, Agnes Staniszewski, Lillian To, Mauro Fa, Andrew F. Teich, Faisal Saeed, Harrison Wostein, Thomas Walko Iii, Anisha Vaswani, Meghan Wardius, Zanobia Syed, Jessica Ravenscroft, Kelsie Mozzoni, Colleen Silky, Courtney Rehak, Raymond Yurko, Patricia Finn, Gary Look, Gilbert Rishton, Hank Safferstein, Miles Miller, Conrad Johanson, Edward Stopa, Manfred Windisch, Birgit Hutter-Paier, Mehrdad Shamloo, Ottavio Arancio, Harry Levine Iii, Susan M. Catalano

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Synaptic dysfunction and loss caused by age-dependent accumulation of synaptotoxic beta amyloid (Abeta) 1-42 oligomers is proposed to underlie cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alterations in membrane trafficking induced by Abeta oligomers mediates reduction in neuronal surface receptor expression that is the basis for inhibition of electrophysiological measures of synaptic plasticity and thus learning and memory. We have utilized phenotypic screens in mature, in vitro cultures of rat brain cells to identify small molecules which block or prevent the binding and effects of Abeta oligomers. Synthetic Abeta oligomers bind saturably to a single site on neuronal synapses and induce …

Alzheimer's Therapeutics Targeting Amyloid Beta 1–42 Oligomers Ii: Sigma-2/Pgrmc1 Receptors Mediate Abeta 42 Oligomer Binding And Synaptotoxicity, Nicholas J. Izzo, Jinbin Xu, Chenbo Zeng, Molly J. Kirk, Kelsie Mozzoni, Colleen Silky, Courtney Rehak, Raymond Yurko, Gary Look, Gilbert Rishton, Hank Safferstein, Carlos Cruchaga, Alison Goate, Michael A. Cahill, Ottavio Arancio, Robert H. Mach, Rolf Craven, Elizabeth Head, Harry Levine Iii, Tara L. Spires-Jones, Susan M. Catalano

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Amyloid beta (Abeta) 1-42 oligomers accumulate in brains of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and disrupt synaptic plasticity processes that underlie memory formation. Synaptic binding of Abeta oligomers to several putative receptor proteins is reported to inhibit long-term potentiation, affect membrane trafficking and induce reversible spine loss in neurons, leading to impaired cognitive performance and ultimately to anterograde amnesia in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have identified a receptor not previously associated with AD that mediates the binding of Abeta oligomers to neurons, and describe novel therapeutic antagonists of this receptor capable of blocking Abeta toxic …

On Reporting The Onset Of The Intention To Move, Uri Maoz, Liad Mudrik, Ram Rivlin, Ian Ross, Adam Mamelak, Gideon Yaffe

Psychology Faculty Books and Book Chapters

"In 1965, Hans Kornhuber and Luder Deecke made a discovery that greatly influenced the study of voluntary action. Using electroencephalography (EEG), they showed that when aligning some tens of trials to movement onset and averaging, a slowly decreasing electrical potential emerges over central regions of the brain. It starts 1 second ( s) or so before the onset of the voluntary action1 and continues until shortly after the action begins. They termed this the Bereitschaftspotential, or readiness potential (RP; Kornhuber & Deecke, 1965).2 This became the first well-established neural marker of voluntary action. In that, the RP allowed for more …

The Santa Clara, 2014-11-06, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

Developing An Animal Model Of Polysubstance Abuse In Adolescence: The Role Of Nmda Receptors In Alcohol/Cocaine Reward, Adriana Rebecca Uruena-Agnes

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Repeated exposure to drugs of abuse conditions individuals to anticipate the behavioral consequences of drug use specifically in the presence of a drug-associated context. In rodents, preferences and aversions for alcohol and cocaine have been conditioned; however, the mechanisms underlying the expression of these conditioned effects remain unknown. Given that alcohol and cocaine polysubstance abuse is prevalent in young individuals, with more than 50% of these polysubstance abusers reporting to be under the age of 21, it is important to understand the mechanisms contributing to the behavioral effects of alcohol and cocaine co-dependency. Aim 1 determined if age differentially impacted …

Home And Workplace Built Environment Supports For Physical Activity, Deepti Adlakha, J. Aaron Hipp, Christine M. Marx, Yang Lin, Rachel Tabak, Elizabeth A. Dodson, Ross C. Brownson

Brown School Faculty Publications

Background: Physical inactivity has been associated with obesity and related chronic diseases. Understanding built environment (BE) influences on specific domains of physical activity (PA) around homes and workplaces is important for public health efforts and interventions to increase population PA. Purpose: To examine the association of home and workplace BE features with PA occurring across specific life domains (work, leisure, and travel). Methods: Between 2012 and 2013, telephone interviews were conducted with participants in four Missouri metropolitan areas. Questions included sociodemographic characteristics, home and workplace supports for PA, and dietary behaviors. Data analysis was conducted in 2013; logistic regression was …

Latino Men Managing Hiv: An Appraisal Analysis Of Intersubjective Relations In The Discourse Of Five Research Interviews, Will Caston

Dissertations and Theses

Latino men, particularly those who have sex with other men, have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. Scholars have sought for nearly two decades to understand how various social and cultural factors in the Latino community exacerbate HIV risk among these men. Although following the advent of life-sustaining medications in 1996, HIV is often regarded as a manageable chronic illness, as opposed to a death sentence, scant attention has been devoted to how HIV-positive Latino men experience managing the illness. Among studies that have focused on HIV-positive persons' illness management, few Latino men have participated.

Using the Appraisal framework from Hallidayan …

Health Information Exchange: Growth And Patient Privacy, Niam Yaraghi

Brookings Scholar Lecture Series

Health Information Exchanges (HIE) provide the electronic movement of health-related information among organizations according to nationally recognized standards. The goal of health information exchange is to facilitate access to and retrieval of clinical data to provide safer, timelier, efficient, effective, equitable, patient-centered care. HIEs are becoming integral parts of the national healthcare reform efforts, chiefly owing to their potential impact on cost reduction and quality enhancement in healthcare services. However, the potential of a HIE platform can only be realized when its multiple constituent users actively participate in using its variety of services. In this research, Yaraghi models HIE systems …

Frontiers In Phssr Is On The Move, F. Douglas Scutchfield

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Recently, Dr. Jenine Harris and her colleagues examined the use of journals by state chronic disease prevention staff to stay up-to-date on public health evidence. We, at Frontiers in PHSSR, are pleased to be included among the journals listed in the survey. Online open-access journals are shifting the paradigm of scientific publication, allowing free and rapid exchange of information. Another illustration of Frontier’s increasing utility is a forthcoming issue of the American Journal of Public Health (AJPH). We are pleased that AJPH has agreed to publish selected abstracts from Frontiers in PHSSR in their regular issue with links to …

Risk And Protective Factors Associated With Personal Mastery Among Sexual Minority African-American Female Sex Workers, Mance E. Buttram, Hilary L. Surratt, Steven P. Kurtz

CAHSS Faculty Articles

Research among sexual minorities has traditionally examined problems such as substance use, HIV risk, mental health problems, and victimization. Among sexual minority street-based female sex workers, these vulnerabilities can be magnified. Grounded in theories of resilience, this study examines risk and protective factors associated with a high level of personal mastery among a vulnerable population of women. Data are drawn from baseline interviews from street-based African American female sex workers enrolled in a randomized intervention trial in Miami, Florida. We compare sexual minority (N=197) and heterosexual (N=365) women on measures of risk and protective factors; among sexual minority women we …

Assessing Technologies For Information-Seeking On Prostate Cancer Screening By Low-Income Men, Susan W. Mcroy, Emily M. Cramer, Hayeon Song

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: This paper presents a multipart investigation of the benefits and challenges in deploying automated question-answering as an alternative to web-based searching to provide information about prostate cancer screening for low-income men age 40 years and older.

Methods: The study comprised: 1) a survey assessing current use of the Internet, mobile phones and texting; 2) a controlled observational study of both web-based searching and automated question-answering for information about prostate cancer; and 3) a formative field study in which subjects interacted with a health department nurse using text messages.

Results: Survey results suggest the target population has greater access to, …

Local Health Department Collaborative Capacity To Improve Population Health, Hector P. Rodriguez, Jeffrey Mac Mccullough, Charleen Hsuan

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Local health departments (LHDs) can more effectively develop and strengthen community health partnerships when leaders focus on building partnership collaborative capacity (PCC), including a multisector infrastructure for population health improvement. Using the 2008 National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) Profile survey, we constructed an overall measure of LHD PCC comprised of the five dimensions: outcomes-based advocacy, vision-focus balance, systems orientation, infrastructure development, and community linkages. We conducted a series of regression analyses to examine the extent to which LHD characteristics and contextual factors were related to PCC. The most developed PCC dimension was vision-focus balance, while infrastructure …

Policymakers Identify Priorities For Phssr, Katherine Froeb Papa

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

A major goal for the health services research community is to provide evidence policymakers can use to improve the public’s health. However, it can be difficult to know what evidence policymakers want and how they decide what research to fund.

In order to understand where policymakers turn for evidence and how they make funding decisions amid fiscal and political constraints, AcademyHealth conducted a 3-part Fireside Chat series in the spring of 2014. This editorial summarizes the evidence gaps identified, and provides strategies for communicating with decision makers.

Editorial Comment: Understanding Cost Variation In Std Service Delivery As State And Federal Agencies Reduce Funding, Michael A. Preston, William W. Greenfield, Sharla A. Smith

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

As health reform gains momentum, many changes have been seen in the way health services are delivered and financed. In an attempt to address the uncertainties and understand the costs of delivering STD prevention services, the authors examined the cost of STDs in a highly centralized public health agency system (PHAS). This commentary covers several implications that arise from this study.

Understanding Cost Variations In Std Service Delivery As State And Federal Agencies Reduce Funding, William C. Livingood, Lori Bilello, Bonita Sorensen

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) continue to be a major health problem in the U.S. Despite the persistence of STDs and the critical role of the public health sector in controlling these diseases, STD services continue to be reduced. A linear regression was performed using county demographic and cost variables. Many of these variables in county public health agencies and the populations they serve were not significantly correlated with cost of service. However, the availability of local tax funding for county health departments (CHDs), which varies extensively across counties within the state, is statistically linked to higher STD expenditure per case. …

Place Events Fall 2014, Place

PLACE Historical Documents

This document describes PLACE events at Linfield College for fall 2014.

Psychosocial Factors In Sports Injury Rehabilitation And Return To Play, Leslie W. Podlog, John Heil, Stefanie Podlog (Nee Schulte)

Athletic Training Collection

This article discusses the principles and practices that guide psychological intervention with injury, and encourages a psychological approach to injury for clinicians. Part 1 reviews the research literature, and serves as a foundation for the review of clinical practices in part 2. Examination of the research literature highlights 4 areas: (1) psychological factors influencing rehabilitation, (2) social factors affecting rehabilitation, (3) performance concerns among returning athletes, and (4) tools/inventories for assessing psychological readiness to return. A synopsis of an injury intervention plan is provided, and the influence of pain and fear in the rehabilitation process is described.