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Articles 31 - 60 of 274
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Using Demographic And Health Surveys In The Campaign To End Fgm/C: A Kenyan Example, Dennis Matanda, Caroline W. Kabiru
Using Demographic And Health Surveys In The Campaign To End Fgm/C: A Kenyan Example, Dennis Matanda, Caroline W. Kabiru
Reproductive Health
In order to design effective interventions to end female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), we need to map where FGM/C is practiced and what factors influence it. Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), nationally representative surveys conducted in low- and middle-income countries every five years, give us the opportunity to explore how FGM/C is influenced by both individual and community-level factors. Where FGM/C prevalence is not uniform, various research and analysis techniques can be used to improve estimates and draw further information from DHS data. This brief shares insights from two studies carried out in Kenya using DHS data collected …
Using Evidence To Improve Quality Of Pharmacy-Delivered Medical Abortion, Katharine Footman, Nancy Termini Lachance
Using Evidence To Improve Quality Of Pharmacy-Delivered Medical Abortion, Katharine Footman, Nancy Termini Lachance
Reproductive Health
The goal of family planning and reproductive health operations research is to generate evidence that helps policies and programs maximize access to and quality of services for women and their families. Yet the crucial step of ensuring the utilization of that evidence often receives inconsistent or inadequate attention. The goal of this case study is to document an activity of Marie Stopes International (MSI) in Kenya, part of the STEP UP research program consortium, which resulted in successful evidence utilization. STEP UP research on quality of care for medical abortion, particularly on pharmacy provision of medical abortion, has provided the …
Addressing Barriers To Quality Of Underutilized Commodities And Services For Prevention And Management Of Pre-Eclampsia And Eclampsia In Kenya, Charity Ndwiga, Pooja Sripad, Charlotte E. Warren
Addressing Barriers To Quality Of Underutilized Commodities And Services For Prevention And Management Of Pre-Eclampsia And Eclampsia In Kenya, Charity Ndwiga, Pooja Sripad, Charlotte E. Warren
Reproductive Health
The Ending Eclampsia Project seeks to increase access to quality, underutilized interventions and commodities for the prevention, detection, and management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E), including promoting correct use of antihypertensive drugs and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4). This final report details the findings of a qualitative study that explored health system bottlenecks that prevent access to quality maternal and newborn health care in two Kenyan counties, Kakamega and Kitui, with a specific focus on PE/E. The study explored policy implementation gaps in Kenya’s newly devolved county government structure, to:1) assess the policy and health system environment for PE/E diagnosis, referral, and …
Retrospective Cohort Study: Clinical Presentation And Outcomes Of Pre-Eclampsia And Eclampsia At Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, Charity Ndwiga, Alfred Osoti, Pooja Sripad, George Odwe, Omondi Ogutu, Charlotte E. Warren
Retrospective Cohort Study: Clinical Presentation And Outcomes Of Pre-Eclampsia And Eclampsia At Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, Charity Ndwiga, Alfred Osoti, Pooja Sripad, George Odwe, Omondi Ogutu, Charlotte E. Warren
Reproductive Health
Pre-eclampsia has two distinct subtypes: early onset pre-eclampsia, which occurs before 34 weeks of gestation, and late onset pre-eclampsia, which occurs after 34 weeks. Few studies examine and compare early and late onset pre-eclampsia in a low- and middle-income country setting. This study’s goal was to establish a profile of patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, especially pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, over a two-year period. At Kenya’s national referral hospital, clinical presentation at admission was examined, as was management of complications, along with maternal and newborn health outcomes in the hospital’s maternity unit, to ascertain any differences in health outcomes for …
Adolescent Girls Initiative–Kenya: Midline Results Report, Karen Austrian, Erica Soler-Hampejsek, Joyce Mumah, Beth Kangwana, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Benta Abuya, Valsa Shah, John A. Maluccio
Adolescent Girls Initiative–Kenya: Midline Results Report, Karen Austrian, Erica Soler-Hampejsek, Joyce Mumah, Beth Kangwana, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Benta Abuya, Valsa Shah, John A. Maluccio
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Many adolescent girls in Kenya face considerable risks and vulnerabilities that affect their education status, health, and general well-being. In addition to low educational attainment and health risks, other factors that impact education and health outcomes include household poverty, lack of economic independence, limited income-earning opportunities, illiteracy, violence, and social isolation. Younger adolescent girls who live in environments laden with these vulnerabilities are at risk of experiencing negative outcomes such as school dropout, early sexual initiation, unintended pregnancy, early marriage, and sexual and gender-based violence. The Adolescent Girls Initiative–Kenya (AGI-K) delivered multisectoral interventions to over 6,000 girls aged 11–15 in …
What Works To Improve Outcomes For Kenya's Adolescent Girls?, Population Council
What Works To Improve Outcomes For Kenya's Adolescent Girls?, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This fact sheet outlines results from the Adolescent Girls Initiative–Kenya, a study that evaluates the long-term impact of a multi-sectoral intervention targeted at adolescent girls aged 11 to 15 years from Kibera and rural Wajir. The intervention consists of four different components: a community-based violence-prevention program, an education conditional cash transfer (CCT), health-focused girls' empowerment clubs, and wealth creation for girls via financial education and savings. Results indicate that the approach was a cost-effective way to create positive change across a range of well-being factors for young adolescent girls, including education, health, and economic outcomes.
Shifts In Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Kenya: Perspectives Of Families And Health Care Providers, Samuel Kimani, Caroline W. Kabiru
Shifts In Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Kenya: Perspectives Of Families And Health Care Providers, Samuel Kimani, Caroline W. Kabiru
Reproductive Health
Despite compelling reasons and efforts to eradicate female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Kenya, the practice has persisted, albeit with some changes. This study sought to understand the shifts in FGM/C among families and healthcare providers from selected Kenyan communities that practice FGM/C. Our findings highlight similarities and differences across three distinct Kenyan communities. FGM/C appears to persist through two models: first, shifts (changes) in the practice, notably cutting at a younger age, lesser cutting; and second, through stability and consistency with minimal change. The two diverse models appear to rely on and sustain social norms that support FGM/C in these …
Strengthening The Integration Of Family Planning And Hiv Services At The Community Level In Kenya, Wilson Liambila, Sara Chace Dwyer, Brian Mdawida, Charlotte E. Warren, Melsa Lutomia, Jane Koech, Elizabeth Washika, Aparna Jain
Strengthening The Integration Of Family Planning And Hiv Services At The Community Level In Kenya, Wilson Liambila, Sara Chace Dwyer, Brian Mdawida, Charlotte E. Warren, Melsa Lutomia, Jane Koech, Elizabeth Washika, Aparna Jain
Reproductive Health
Study findings reveal that many Kenyan women living with HIV are comfortable receiving family planning (FP) services from community health volunteers and with proper training and support, community health volunteers have the potential to provide integrated FP/HIV services. Community-based integrated FP/HIV services could help connect women living with HIV who want to prevent or postpone a pregnancy to contraceptive services, which can reduce unintended pregnancies and in turn maternal mortality and vertical transmission of HIV. This implementation research study offers evidence of the feasibility, quality of care, and acceptability of using community health volunteers to integrate family planning into HIV/AIDS …
What Do We Know About The Hiv Risk Characteristics Of Adolescent Girls And Young Women In Kenya? Findings From Dreams Implementation Science Research, Population Council
What Do We Know About The Hiv Risk Characteristics Of Adolescent Girls And Young Women In Kenya? Findings From Dreams Implementation Science Research, Population Council
HIV and AIDS
The Population Council is conducting implementation science research in Kenya to build needed evidence to inform community-based, girl-centered interventions. DREAMS programs in Kenya are implementing a core package of interventions in the highest HIV-burden areas to address HIV risk among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW)—a population in which AIDS is the leading cause of death in the region. This brief summarizes key findings from a survey of 1,778 AGYW, more than half of whom are enrolled in DREAMS programming.
Nisitu (Nisikilize Tujengane): Listen To Me, Let’S Grow Together, Population Council
Nisitu (Nisikilize Tujengane): Listen To Me, Let’S Grow Together, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Evidence from several studies, including in Kenya, supports the idea that empowerment and asset-building interventions targeting multiple levels of the socio-ecological environment can improve education, health, economic and social capital, gender-equitable attitudes, and violence outcomes for girls. This brief describes efforts by researchers to test the effects of engaging boys and men alongside girl-centered programming to improve the lives of adolescent girls. In 2017, the Population Council and partners undertook formative research to understand from girls: 1) what are the most influential types of males in their lives; 2) how and what they influence; and 3) what behavior changes among …
Expanding The Evidence Base And Networks For Sexual Violence Response In East And Southern Africa—Completion Report For The Period May 2014–February 2018, Population Council
Expanding The Evidence Base And Networks For Sexual Violence Response In East And Southern Africa—Completion Report For The Period May 2014–February 2018, Population Council
Reproductive Health
This is the final report of the Expanding the Evidence Base and Networks for Sexual Violence Response program, which, over the years, has enabled regional partners to collectively test and document experiences in tackling violence against children and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in humanitarian contexts. To foster SGBV prevention and ensure that responses to SGBV are effective, the program has targeted a range of stakeholders, including influential regional bodies; the health, education, and justice sectors; and children and refugees—as survivors as well as members of communities where prevention is being promoted. The program has helped to change the way …
Tracing Change In Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Shifting Norms And Practices Among Communities In Narok And Kisii Counties, Kenya, Dennis Matanda, Chantalle Okondo, Caroline W. Kabiru, Bettina Shell-Duncan
Tracing Change In Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Shifting Norms And Practices Among Communities In Narok And Kisii Counties, Kenya, Dennis Matanda, Chantalle Okondo, Caroline W. Kabiru, Bettina Shell-Duncan
Reproductive Health
In Kenya, there has been a steady and marked decline in the prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) but there is great variance in the prevalence of FGM/C across the country, with prevalence remaining high among certain ethnic groups such as Somali, Samburu, Kisii, and the Maasai. The objectives of this study were: 1) to explore whether and how unprogrammed factors or programmed FGM/C interventions (alternative rites of passage, legal and policy measures, religious-oriented approaches, promotion of girls’ education, intergenerational dialogues, use of rescue centers, and other undocumented approaches) influence community values deliberation in Narok and Kisii counties; 2) to …
The Art And Skill Of Delivering Culturally Responsive Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In Tanzania And Kenya., Briana Woods-Jaeger, Christine M. Kava, Christopher F. Akiba, Leah Lucid, Shannon Dorsey
The Art And Skill Of Delivering Culturally Responsive Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In Tanzania And Kenya., Briana Woods-Jaeger, Christine M. Kava, Christopher F. Akiba, Leah Lucid, Shannon Dorsey
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
OBJECTIVE: This study explored the facilitators, barriers, and strategies used to deliver a child mental health evidence-based treatment (EBT), trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), in a culturally responsive manner. In low- and middle-income countries most individuals with mental health problems do not receive treatment due to a shortage of mental health professionals. One approach to addressing this problem is task-sharing, in which lay counselors are trained to deliver mental health treatment. Combining this approach with a focus on EBT provides a strategy for bridging the mental health treatment gap. However, little is known about how western-developed EBTs are delivered in …
Assessment Of Comprehensive Hiv-Risk Reduction Programming For Adolescent Girls And Young Women: Implementation Science Research In Kenya, Population Council
Assessment Of Comprehensive Hiv-Risk Reduction Programming For Adolescent Girls And Young Women: Implementation Science Research In Kenya, Population Council
HIV and AIDS
The Population Council is conducting implementation research to build needed evidence to inform decisionmaking around effective implementation of community-based, girl-centered interventions and to assess their effectiveness in reducing HIV vulnerability among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW)—a population in which AIDS is the leading cause of death in the region. Learnings from this study in Kenya and similar ones in Zambia and Malawi will be valuable for informing each country and the region how to implement AGYW programming that goes beyond the health sector to reduce AGYW’s vulnerability to HIV.
Modeling And Mapping Of Girls' Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (Fgm/C) In The Context Of Economic, Social, And Regional Disparities: Kenya Demographic And Health Surveys 1998-2014, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, Damaris Kinyoki, Ahmed Sarki, David Gathara, Paul Komba, Bettina Shell-Duncan
Modeling And Mapping Of Girls' Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (Fgm/C) In The Context Of Economic, Social, And Regional Disparities: Kenya Demographic And Health Surveys 1998-2014, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, Damaris Kinyoki, Ahmed Sarki, David Gathara, Paul Komba, Bettina Shell-Duncan
Reproductive Health
The aim of this research study is analysis of successive household data for estimating and revealing trends, similarities, and differences in geographic patterns for the burden of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and related risk factors among girls ages 14 and younger in Kenya. This Evidence to End FGM/C study, from a coalition led by the Population Council, is intended to contribute to a deeper understanding of the recent burden of FGM/C among the girls within this very young age group, and to enhance knowledge of the geographic distribution of this practice over time. The report will inform current elimination efforts …
Women's Perceptions And Experiences Of Family Planning By Contraceptive Methods In Kenya And Bangladesh: Preliminary Results, Kazuyo Machiyama, Joyce Mumah, Caroline W. Kabiru, George Odwe, Francis Obare, Fauzia Akhter Huda, John C. Cleland, John B. Casterline
Women's Perceptions And Experiences Of Family Planning By Contraceptive Methods In Kenya And Bangladesh: Preliminary Results, Kazuyo Machiyama, Joyce Mumah, Caroline W. Kabiru, George Odwe, Francis Obare, Fauzia Akhter Huda, John C. Cleland, John B. Casterline
Reproductive Health
No abstract provided.
Method-Specific Attributes That Influence Choice Of Future Contraception Among Married Women In Nairobi’S Informal Settlements, Joyce Mumah, John B. Casterline, Kazuyo Machiyama, Marylene Wamukoya, Caroline W. Kabiru, John C. Cleland
Method-Specific Attributes That Influence Choice Of Future Contraception Among Married Women In Nairobi’S Informal Settlements, Joyce Mumah, John B. Casterline, Kazuyo Machiyama, Marylene Wamukoya, Caroline W. Kabiru, John C. Cleland
Reproductive Health
No abstract provided.
The Nia Project: Baseline Survey Instruments, Karen Austrian
The Nia Project: Baseline Survey Instruments, Karen Austrian
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This document includes all of the Nia Project baseline survey instruments used to collect data in Kenya, providing a multidimensional description of a sample of the participating girls and the schools they attend. The Project is one of the first randomized controlled trials to explore the role of sanitary pad distribution and reproductive health education—individually and in combination—to improve girls’ educational and sexual and reproductive health outcomes. The study collected data from 3,489 girls from 140 schools in three rural Kilifi subcounties: Magarini, Kaloleni, and Ganze.
The Nia Project—Brief, Eunice N. Muthengi, Emily Farris, Karen Austrian
The Nia Project—Brief, Eunice N. Muthengi, Emily Farris, Karen Austrian
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This brief provides highlights from the Nia Project conducted in Kenya. The study found that while gaps exist in girls’ capabilities, particularly knowledge and attitudes related to menstruation and reproductive health, the Nia Project has the potential to bridge those gaps. The Project is one of the first randomized controlled trials to explore the role of sanitary pad distribution and reproductive health education—individually and in combination—to improve girls’ educational and sexual and reproductive health outcomes. The findings of this study will make a critical contribution to filling an evidence gap in the field of menstrual health and hygiene management, and …
The Nia Project: Baseline Report, Eunice N. Muthengi, Emily Farris, Karen Austrian
The Nia Project: Baseline Report, Eunice N. Muthengi, Emily Farris, Karen Austrian
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The onset of puberty and menarche is a particularly vulnerable time for girls, when external pressures are exacerbated by their lack of knowledge of their bodies, their rights, and the implications of their decisions, and by their inability to manage puberty and adolescence safely and comfortably with appropriate menstrual health and hygiene management (MHM) products. Although several programs have previously been developed to address girls’ MHM needs globally, few have been evaluated, and where evidence does exist the results have been mixed. In collaboration with ZanaAfrica, the Population Council is evaluating the Nia Project, a set of interventions for adolescent …
Reasons For Unmet Need For Family Planning, With Attention To The Measurement Of Fertility Preferences In Kenya And Bangladesh, Joyce Mumah, Kazuyo Machiyama, Caroline W. Kabiru, George Odwe, Francis Obare, Fauzia Akhter Huda, John B. Casterline, John C. Cleland
Reasons For Unmet Need For Family Planning, With Attention To The Measurement Of Fertility Preferences In Kenya And Bangladesh, Joyce Mumah, Kazuyo Machiyama, Caroline W. Kabiru, George Odwe, Francis Obare, Fauzia Akhter Huda, John B. Casterline, John C. Cleland
Reproductive Health
No abstract provided.
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Kenya: Is Change Taking Place? Descriptive Statistics From Four Waves Of Demographic And Health Surveys, Bettina Shell-Duncan, David Gathara, Zhuzhi Moore
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Kenya: Is Change Taking Place? Descriptive Statistics From Four Waves Of Demographic And Health Surveys, Bettina Shell-Duncan, David Gathara, Zhuzhi Moore
Reproductive Health
Nationally representative survey data on female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Kenya are available from four waves of Demographic and Health Surveys. These survey data provide a rich and detailed picture of when, where, and how FGM/C has been carried out, and trends in changes in the practice. National prevalence data from successive waves of surveys show a steady decrease in the prevalence of FGM/C among women aged 15–49. While the data reported here are descriptive, they provide useful insights on the progress of FGM/C abandonment at national and subnational levels. These findings are useful for policymakers in steering discussions on …
Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya: Financial Education Audio Training Script, Wajir, Population Council
Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya: Financial Education Audio Training Script, Wajir, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The Adolescent Girls Initiative project-Kenya (AGI-K) helps young, vulnerable adolescent girls build their social, health, and economic assets. AGI-K tests combinations of interventions in health, violence prevention, wealth creation, and education to determine which package of interventions delivers the most impact and at what cost. The project was led by the Population Council and implemented in two marginalized areas, Kibera in Nairobi and Wajir county in Northeastern Kenya, by Plan International and Save the Children, respectively. This scripted guide was designed to support the delivery of the financial education sessions in Wajir in response to challenges with mentor capacity in …
Improving Uptake Of Hiv Testing Services And Linkage To Care After Diagnosis In Kenya, Project Soar
Improving Uptake Of Hiv Testing Services And Linkage To Care After Diagnosis In Kenya, Project Soar
HIV and AIDS
Project SOAR is conducting two complementary research activities in Kenya, to 1) understand the barriers to and facilitators of HIV testing among men seeking HIV testing services, and 2) to develop and pilot test an HIV post-test assessment tool to promote linkage to HIV care and treatment among newly diagnosed HIV-positive clients. This study will provide needed information to help Kenya and other countries that are scaling up test and start programs to develop effective strategies to increase uptake of HIV testing services among men and linkage to care and treatment among all newly diagnosed HIV-positive clients.
Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya: Health And Life Skills Audio Training Script, Wajir, Population Council
Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya: Health And Life Skills Audio Training Script, Wajir, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The Adolescent Girls Initiative project-Kenya (AGI-K) helps young, vulnerable adolescent girls build their social, health, and economic assets. AGI-K tests combinations of interventions in health, violence prevention, wealth creation, and education to determine which package of interventions delivers the most impact and at what cost. The project was led by Population Council and implemented in two marginalized areas 1) Kiberain Nairobi and 2) Wajir County in Northeastern Kenya by Plan International and Save the Children, respectively. This scripted guide was designed to support the delivery of the health, life skills, and nutrition sessions in Wajir in response to challenges with …
Probiotic Yoghourt For Health, Nutrition And Women's Empowerment In Kenya: A Community-Based Approach, Ellena Andoniou
Probiotic Yoghourt For Health, Nutrition And Women's Empowerment In Kenya: A Community-Based Approach, Ellena Andoniou
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The dissertation aims to examine the impacts of probiotic yoghourt on health, nutrition and women’s empowerment within the context of HIV/AIDS in Kenya. Mixed methods that combine quantiative and qualitative approaches are used to understand the effects of probiotic yoghourt on the health, nutrition and quality of life for men and women. Results of the quantiative analysis (n=227) demonstrated that the probiotic yoghourt confers a variety of health benefits – physiological (fewer urogenital conditions and digestive problems; reduced dependence on medical treatment), and psychological (perceived improvements with bodily appearance, felt an increased meaningfulness with life). Results of the qualitative analysis …
Barriers And Facilitators Of Adolescent Health In Rural Kenya, Molly Secor-Turner, Brandy A. Randall, Courage Chikomborero Mudzongo
Barriers And Facilitators Of Adolescent Health In Rural Kenya, Molly Secor-Turner, Brandy A. Randall, Courage Chikomborero Mudzongo
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
The purpose of this research was to identify perceived barriers and facilitators of health from the perspective of rural Kenyan adolescents and to characterize the cultural context that shapes these barriers and facilitators. Design: Following a semistructured interview guide, qualitative focus group interviews were conducted at day schools with 64 upper-primary and secondary students in rural central Kenya. Participants provided written parental consent and individual assent for study participation. Results: Findings were organized into seven categories (individual, family, peer, school, community, institutional, and cultural) according to a social–ecological framework to highlight the multiple social and environmental contexts that shape health …
Pharmacy Workers In Kenya Need Training And Support On Medical Abortion Information And Referrals To Prevent Unsafe Service Provision, Jesse Njunguru, A. Finnie, Katharine Footman, Wilson Liambila, Kate Reiss
Pharmacy Workers In Kenya Need Training And Support On Medical Abortion Information And Referrals To Prevent Unsafe Service Provision, Jesse Njunguru, A. Finnie, Katharine Footman, Wilson Liambila, Kate Reiss
Reproductive Health
Despite the centrality of pharmacists in the provision of abortion services in Kenya, little is known about their medical abortion (MA) knowledge, attitudes, or practices. This policy brief reports on a study that set out to bridge this gap in the evidence. The report concludes that comprehensive training for pharmacy workers could improve the quality of MA provision and referrals, and help pharmacy workers identify opportunities to simultaneously provide clients with information on contraception and STI prevention. Such efforts would be in line with current Kenyan government policies to reduce the public health burden caused by the prevalence of unsafe …
The Africa Regional Sgbv Network Learning Brief Series: Learning Updates From Kenya (Brief #4), Population Council
The Africa Regional Sgbv Network Learning Brief Series: Learning Updates From Kenya (Brief #4), Population Council
Reproductive Health
In an attempt to improve the reporting of child sexual abuse (CSA) and children’s access to services, the Gender-Based Violence Recovery Center (GBVRC) of Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Nairobi, Kenya, is exploring the feasibility of routine screening for CSA in healthcare and school settings. Based on the findings, and in collaboration with the Population Council, the GBVRC is developing a response to CSA that takes into account the contextual realities. The intervention will involve dialogues with parents and children in primary schools. The aim is to get people talking about abuse in their community, the consequences of such abuse, …
Introducing Contraceptive Methods In Low-Resource Settings: New Opportunities In Kenya, Population Council
Introducing Contraceptive Methods In Low-Resource Settings: New Opportunities In Kenya, Population Council
Reproductive Health
This factsheet outlines the Delivering Contraceptive Vaginal Rings project, awarded by USAID to the Population Council in October 2013 to foster the introduction of two contraceptive methods. The objectives of this project are to: 1) improve availability and affordability of a three-month Progesterone Vaginal Ring for postpartum breastfeeding women, and 2) facilitate regulatory approval and introduction of a one-year contraceptive vaginal ring containing Nestorone® and ethinyl estradiol—a long-acting method for non-breastfeeding women that is in the late stages of development. The factsheet identifies milestones achieved and new opportunities in Kenya to implement activities in the year ahead.