Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Increasing Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Rates In Adults Age 65 Years And Older In A Primary Care Clinic, Ashley Sandbothe

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Project

The purpose of this study was to increase PPSV23 vaccination rates in adults over the age of 65 years in a Midwestern primary care clinic.

For this project, staff was educated regarding interventions including patient awareness, provider recommendation, staff and provider education, vaccine access, use of the immunization information systems (IIS) and appropriate use of electronic health record (EHR) reminders that have been shown to increase vaccination rates.

Prior to the intervention, data was retrieved, and it was found that between April 1^st-May 31^st 2020, there were 162 patients over the age of 65 that presented to …

Using Social Listening To Inform Integrated Social And Behavior Change Programs In Burkina Faso, Nrupa Jani, Leanne Dougherty, Martha Silva

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Preferred Incentives For Improving Community Health Worker Satisfaction And Retention In Bangladesh, Frontline Health Project, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School Of Public Health

Reproductive Health

Community health workers (CHWs) are critical actors within community health systems, providing a range of reproductive, maternal, child, and primary health information, counseling, and services. To better understand factors that influence CHWs’ work motivation and satisfaction in Bangladesh, the Frontline Health project, implemented with collaborators from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and supported by the government of Bangladesh’s Directorate General of Health Services and the Directorate General of Family Planning, conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) study. This brief presents key qualitative findings from the DCE study in Bangladesh and implications for program and policy stakeholders.

A Contextual Evaluation Of The Fresh Fruit And Vegetable Program In South Carolina And Related Child Health Behaviors, Kathryn Irene Hoy

Theses and Dissertations

Children in vulnerable communities are at increased risk for poor diet.1,2 The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) is a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) child nutrition program that increases vulnerable children’s access to and consumption of fruits and vegetables.3,4 FFVP is inherently flexible,5 has few regulations, and helps identify and develop best practices for individual schools to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among low-resource children.6 Flexibility built into the FFVP at the federal level naturally results in a variation of program adoption and implementation at both the state and school-levels.7 These variations affect outcomes in complex health promotion …

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Green Space, And Walkability And Risk For Falls And Fracture Among Postmenopausal Women: The Women’S Health Initiative, Marilyn Elizabeth Wende

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to assess whether neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), walkability, and green space impacts fall and fracture incidence among postmenopausal women, and to assess important modifiers for these relationships, such as fall history, physical activity, physical impairment, race/ethnicity, and rurality. Data from the Women’s Health Initiative study from 1993 to 2012 (N=161,808) was used.

SES had a significant relationship with falling after adjustment (intermediate vs low SES OR=0.99, p=0.0309; high vs low SES OR=0.99, p=0.1192). Study arm participation and fall frequency at baseline significantly modified this relationship. Walkability had a significant relationship with falling incidence after …

Applying Health Stigma Framework To Examine The Mechanisms Of Hiv-Related Stigma On Clinical Outcomes, Chengbo Zeng

Theses and Dissertations

Background: HIV clinical outcomes including CD4 count, viral suppression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), are important indicators reflecting immunologic functioning, treatment efficacy, and overall health quality. However, due, in part, to HIV-related stigma, many people living with HIV (PLWH) experience suboptimal clinical outcomes. The Health Stigma Framework introduced the potentially distinct mechanisms underlying internalized, anticipated, enacted stigma and health outcomes through psycho-behavioral pathways. Based on this framework, this dissertation investigated the impacts and mechanisms of HIV-related stigma on clinical outcomes among PLWH in Guangxi, China from a longitudinal perspective. Methods: Data at baseline, 6-, 12-, 18- month follow-ups …

Vulnerability To And Protection Against Covid-19 Fear, Threat, And Worry, Marsha Kim Huh

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Drawing from a sample of 10,368 adults living in the U.S., the current study examines the role of social and psychological resources in lowering COVID-related fear, threat, and worry, controlling for a number of social vulnerabilities (e.g. gender, race/ethnicity, and presence of children). The impact of social location, particularly in regards to race, and how one accesses and/or utilizes social and psychological resources is also examined through disaggregated regression models. Results demonstrate that some social and psychological resources impact COVID-specific distress (fear/threat/worry), but depending on the resource, relationships vary in direction and significance. The strength of social ties and mastery …

Impact Of Covid-19 On The Severe Acute Malnutrition Admissions Among Children Under 5 Years Of Age Seeking Nutrition Services In Afghanistan, Sahar Sayedy

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the number of admissions of severe acute malnutrition among children under 5 years of age seeking nutrition services in Afghanistan especially in the provinces where the prevalence of COVID-19 was high, for the period of February – September 2020. The study used comparison and analysis of secondary datasets of the Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition – a national program for detection and management of moderate and severe acute malnutrition in the country.

This study analyzed the association between COVID-19 cases and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) admissions of …

Campus Mental Health Service Use Among Female Survivors Of Sexual Violence: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Hannah Coffman

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Description: Despite the increase in resources to address the alarming rates of collegiate sexual violence (SV), survivors consistently do not disclose or seek mental health treatment from campus supports (Halstead et al., 2017). The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of women who survived SV during college.

Method: Seven women who experienced SV during college completed a series of two semi-structured interviews using a HIPAA-compliant, web-conferencing software (Seidman, 2013). The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) framework (IPA; Smith, 2004; Smith et al., 2009). A six-step data analysis procedure identified …

Hubungan Obesitas Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lansia Di Posyandu Lansia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pb Selayang Ii Kecamatan Medan Selayang, Medan, Hazella Rissa Valda Asari, Helda Helda

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Populasi individu di seluruh dunia berusia 65 tahun dan lebih tua terus meningkat. Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia adalah 26,5%.Situasi hipertensi terus meningkat seiring dengan epidemiologinya yang meluas, yang berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya beban global penyakit secara keseluruhan. Salah satu faktor hipertensi ialah obesitas. Studi Framingham menunjukkan bahwa baik pria maupun wanita mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah dengan peningkatan kelebihan berat badan. Mengetahui hubungan obesitas dengan hipertensi pada lansia. Desain potong lintang digunakan untuk penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada 9 posyandu lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas PB Selayang II pada bulan Agustus 2017. Populasi penelitian adalah lansia yang mengunjungi ke sembilan posyandu lansia di …

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Alat Kb Dengan Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Modern Pada Wanita Remaja Kawin Di Pulau Jawa (Analisis Sdki 2017), Priskatindea Priskatindea, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Prevalensi pemakaian metode KB modern pada wanita kawin usia remaja di Pulau Jawa tahun 2017 tergolong masih rendah, yakni 27,8%. Terbatasnya tingkat pengetahuan remaja mengenai pilihan kontrasepsi adalah salah satu hambatan pemakaian kontrasepsi pada remaja. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang alat/cara KB dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi modern pada wanita kawin usia remaja di Pulau Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan menganalisis hasil dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) Tahun 2017. Sampel adalah 309 orang wanita berusia 15-19 tahun yang berdomisili di Pulau Jawa dengan status kawin. Pada hasil ditemukan sebanyak 62,4% responden memakai …

Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (Bblr) Sebagai Determinan Terjadinya Ispa Pada Balita Analisis Data Sdki Tahun 2017, Desinta Ayu Lestari, Asri Adisasmita Prof

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

No abstract provided.

Studi Endemisitas Dan Epidemiologi Deskriptif Malaria Di Kabupaten Purbalingga Tahun 2010-2019, Ghea Efranandhita Sukendar, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan di Jawa Tengah adalah kejadian malaria. Kondisi lingkungan dan perilaku mempunyai peran dalam penyebaran malaria. Gambaran endemisitas dan upaya pengendalian yang diperlukan sebagai dasar perencanaan tindakan pengendalian malaria. Belum ada data yang menyajikan endemisitas malaria dari tahun 2010-2019 di Kabupaten Purbalingga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan endemisitas dan menggambarkan kejadian malaria berdasarkan variabel orang, tempat dan waktu dan upaya pengendalian yang sudah dilakukan periode tahun 2010-2019 di Kabupaten Purbalingga. Jenis penelitian yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi yaitu seluruh kasus malaria yang tercatat di dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Purbalingga periode Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2019. Sampel merupakan total …

Determinan Konsistensi Penggunaan Kondom Pada Laki-Laki Seks Dengan Laki-Laki (Lsl) Non-Pekerja Seks: Studi Potong Lintang, Arum Zulaikhah, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Kasus baru HIV di Indonesia cenderung terus mengalami peningkatan. Sedangkan, tren kasus baru di dunia sudah mengalami penurunan. Laki-laki Seks dengan laki-laki (LSL) merupakan kelompok risiko tinggi HIV. Upaya pencegahan penularan HIV erat kaitannya dengan perilaku seks. Studi ini menggunakan 1.161 sampel Survei Terpadu Biologi dan Perilaku (STBP) 2015 pada kelompok LSL yang termasuk bukan pekerja seks. Studi cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan perilaku seks konsistensi penggunaan kondom dengan analisis hingga bivariat dengan menggunakan chi-square dan prevalence ratio. Data didapatkan dengan metode respondent driven sampling (RDS) yang kemudian mengeksklusi LSL pekerja seks. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan …

Compassionate Indifference, Judith Sullivan

Journal of Transformative Touch

ABSTRACT

How to turn a not-so-good treatment into an excellent treatment with presence, relaxation and compassionate indifference.

Responding To The Call: Building A Training Program To Diversify The Academy In Alzheimer's Disease Research, Lucy Annang Ingram Phd, Mph, Marvella E. Ford, Christiana L. Johnson, Brianna Ashford-Carroll, Quentun Mccollum, Daniela B. Friedman Ph.D., Sue Ellen Levkoff

Faculty and Staff Publications

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are at the forefront of the United States (US) public health agenda due to their tremendous human and financial burden. Further, disproportionately high ADRD rates among racial/ethnic minorities require incorporating the unique perspectives of racially and ethnically diverse scientists, which will necessitate diversifying the scientific workforce that investigates disparities in aging. The purpose of this paper is to describe the training and mentorship initiatives of the National Institute on Aging (NIA)-funded Carolina Center on Alzheimer's Disease and Minority Research, emphasizing lessons learned from our engagement with underrepresented minority and minoritized (URM) Scientists. We highlight …

Student Loans And Health-Related Financial Hardship, Sophia T. Anong, Robin Henager

Journal of Student Financial Aid

Research has shown that student loan borrowers in repayment exhibit physical and mental health problems. These can be exacerbated by and contribute to health-related financial hardship. We use the 2015 U.S. National Financial Capability Study to examine the likelihood of having past due medical bills and of avoiding health care services by not purchasing prescribed medication, skipping tests or follow-up with a doctor or not seeking care for a medical problem. Borrowers on income-driven repayment plans and those who made late payments are found to be more likely to have unpaid medical bills and to have avoided required medical attention. …

The Mexico Simsmoke Tobacco Control Policy Model: Development Of A Simulation Model Of Daily And Nondaily Cigarette Smoking, Luz Maria Sanchez-Romero, Luis Zavala-Arciniega, Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, Belén Sáenz De Miera-Juárez, Zhe Yuan, Yameng Li, Yan Kwan Lau, Nancy L. Fleischer, Rafael Meza, Jim F. Thrasher Ph.D., Ma, Ms, David T. Levy

Faculty Publications

Background

Nondaily smoking has been on the rise, especially in Mexico. While Mexico has strengthened its tobacco control policies, their effects on nondaily smokers have gone largely unexamined. We developed a simulation model to estimate the impact of tobacco control policies on daily and nondaily smoking in Mexico.

Methods

A previously validated Mexico SimSmoke model that estimated overall trends in smoking prevalence from 2002 through 2013 was extended to 2018 and adapted to distinguish daily and nondaily smoking prevalence. The model was then validated using data from Mexican surveys through 2016. To gauge the potential effects of policies, we compared …

Navia: A Program For The Visual Analysis Of Complex Mass Spectra, Daniel Quetschlich, Tim K. Esser, Thomas D. Newport, Francesco Fiorentino, Denis Shutin, Siyun Chen, Rachel Davis, Silvia Lovera, Idlir Liko, Phillip J. Stansfeld, Carol V. Robinson

Faculty Publications

MOTIVATION: Native mass spectrometry is now a well-established method for the investigation of protein complexes, specifically their subunit stoichiometry and ligand binding properties. Recent advances allowing the analysis of complex mixtures lead to an increasing diversity and complexity in the spectra obtained. These spectra can be time consuming to tackle through manual assignment and challenging for automated approaches. RESULTS: Native Mass Spectrometry Visual Analyser (NaViA) is a web-based tool to augment the manual process of peak assignment. In addition to matching masses to the stoichiometry of its component subunits it allows raw data processing, assignment and annotation and permits mass …

Helping Mothers Survive: Program Evaluation And Early Outcomes Of Maternal Care Training In The Dominican Republic, Meghan Smith, Alexandra Leader, Wanny Roa, Ericka Jaramillo, Davina Lazala, Jose Flores, Claudia Cadet, Ruraj Vazifedan, Suzanne Bentley, Lloyd Jensen

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Introduction: In 2017, approximately 295,000 women died during and immediately following pregnancy and childbirth worldwide, with 94% of these deaths occurring in low-resource settings. The Dominican Republic (DR) exhibits one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean despite the fact that 99% of registered births in the country are reportedly attended by a skilled birth attendant. This paradox implies that programs to support healthcare worker knowledge and skills improvement are vital to improving maternal health outcomes in the DR. Helping Mothers Survive (HMS) is a provider training program developed by Jhpiego and …

Attitudes Towards A Mindfulness-Based Intervention From African American Women Living With Hiv: A Qualitative Study, Slone Taylor, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Sharon Weissman, Xiaoming Li Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Mindfulness-based interventions train participants to pay attention to their own emotions in the current moment without judging themselves. This study aims to assess the attitudes toward a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention among African American women living with HIV. Methods: We collected qualitative data from three focus group discussions with 18 African American women living with HIV who were purposely recruited from the Palmetto Health-USC Immunology Center in South Carolina, United States. The participants discussed how they coped with stress, and then were given a presentation on mindfulness-based stress reduction and a sample mindfulness-based stress reduction mini workshop with follow-up …

An Investigation Of Healthcare Supports For Those With Food Allergy In Ireland, Joseph Bolger, Nicola Blake, Sneha Vinod

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction: In Ireland, around 5% of children and 3% adults have food allergy (134,000 people). This current paper describes a survey that was carried out on a subset of service-users with the aim of identifying whether there is a need for increased specialist medical services and/or for a funded charity such as Anaphylaxis Ireland, defunct since 2015.

Materials & Methods: These needs were assessed via an online survey using Google Forms. The survey was conducted from 17-27th February 2020. There were 31 questions in total, relating to topics such as symptoms, clinical wait times, satisfaction with care provided and demand …

Full Issue: The International Undergraduate Journal Of Health Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2021, Iujhs Full Issue

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

The full June 2021 issue (Volume 1, Issue 1) of the International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Food Insecurity And Frailty Among Women With And Without Hiv In The United States: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Judy Y. Tan, Lila A. Sheira, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Deborah Gustafson, Anjali Sharma, Daniel Merenstein, Mardge H. Cohen, Elizabeth Golub, Andrew Edmonds, Igho Ofotokun, Margaret Fischl, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Torsten Neilands, Phyllis Tien, Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Frailty is frequently observed among people with HIV, and food insecurity is associated with frailty in the general population. Evidence is scarce on the associations between food insecurity and frailty among women with HIV who maybe particularly vulnerable to the impacts of food insecurity. The goal of this study was to assess associations between food insecurity and frailty among women with and without HIV.

Methods: There were 1265 participants from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study who participated in frailty assessments in2017. Frailty was measured using the Fried Frailty Phenotype, and women were subsequently categorized as robust, pre-frailor frail. …

Household Food Insecurity And Children’S Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviour In The United States: The Healthy Communities Study, Sophia M. Navarro, Marisa M. Tsai, Lorrene D. Ritchie, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Barbara A. Laraia, Russell R. Pate, Lauren E. Au

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between household food insecurity and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviours. DESIGN: Secondary analysis was conducted on the Healthy Communities Study, an observational study from 2013 to 2015. Household food insecurity was assessed by two items from the US Department of Agriculture's 18-item US Household Food Security Survey Module. Physical activity was measured using the 7-d Physical Activity Behavior Recall instrument. Data were analyzed using multilevel statistical modelling. SETTING: A total of 130 communities in the USA. PARTICIPANTS: In sum, 5138 US children aged 4-15 years. RESULTS: No associations were found for the relationship between household …

Experiences Of Nonbinary And Gender Nonconforming Individuals Within The Healthcare System, Chloe B. Lacey

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Though nonbinary and gender nonconforming people are becoming increasingly recognized in North America, specialized healthcare—specifically gender-affirming procedures—are not becoming available to them. Researchers have examined the subjective experiences of these individuals as they have navigated the healthcare system in order to further understand possible limitations for nonbinary and gender nonconforming populations. Methods include assessing the procedures available to participants and their interpersonal experiences with healthcare professionals and family members. Scientific resources on this topic are limited, and the results are overwhelmingly represented by self-report. Furthermore, the content of the results is majorly negative toward the participants’ experiences. Participants report verbal …

Propensity Score Matching Evaluation Of Psychological Stress And Hair Cortisol Among People Living With Hiv In China, Xu Chen, Shuaifeng Liu, Chengbo Zeng, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Shan Qiao Ph.D., Riying Lv, Zhiyong Shen

Faculty Publications

To compare the psychological stress level and hair cortisol level of people living with HIV (PLWH) with those without HIV in China, a total of 220 participants were initially enrolled in the study, including 200 PLWH and 20 people living without HIV. Psychological stress level, including quality of life, anxiety, perceived stress and psychological resilience, was self-reported in both groups with related scales. The cortisol in hair was extracted and assessed by LC-APCI-MS/MS method. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to balance the baseline covariates of the two groups, whereas the difference in psychological stress level and hair cortisol level …

Association Of Health Warning Labels And Motivation To Quit Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among University Students In The Eastern Mediterranean Region, Dina Farran, Grace Khawam, Rima Nakkash, Juhan Lee, Niveen Abu-Rmeileh, Muhammad W. Darawad, Aya Mostafa, Khalid A. Kheirallah, Mohamed Salama, Randah R. Hamadeh, Jim Thrasher Ph.D., Ma, Ms, Ramzi G. Salloum

Faculty Publications

Introduction:
This study aimed to determine associations between health warning label content and motivation to quit waterpipe smoking by gender and smoking location.

Methods:
Convenience samples of university students in three Eastern Mediterranean countries – Egypt (n=442), Jordan (n=535) and Palestine (n=487) – completed an online survey assessing health warning labels. Multinomial logit regression models were conducted to determine the association between different variables, particularly gender and smoking location, with motivation to quit.

Results:
In Palestine, female smokers were more motivated to quit waterpipe smoking when seeing textual warning labels related to children (T2) and pregnancy (T6) [T2: 1.8 (95% …

Advancing Knowledge About Stakeholder Engagement In Multisectoral Nutrition Research, Andrea M. Warren, Shilpa V. Constantinides, Christine E. Blake, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

Strategies to engage stakeholders increase the relevance of multisectoral nutrition research but are challenging to embed within research programs. Drawing from fifteen food choice studies, the aim of this study was to understand the diversity of strategies that researchers used in engaging with stakeholders to synthesize lessons learned from their experiences. Researchers developed and implemented a wide range of strategies that varied in terms of extent of collaboration sought. Informational strategies were used to increase stakeholder buy-in and generate demand for results. Collaborative strategies were more integral to the production of knowledge and were used in framing research significance, interpreting …

Using A Global Food Environment Framework To Understand Relationships With Food Choice In Diverse Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Shilpa V. Constantinides, Christopher Turner, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Shiva Bhandari, Ligia I. Reyes, Christine E. Blake

Faculty Publications

This study aimed to determine if the Turner et al. (2018) framework allows researchers to identify and study relationships between food environments and individual food choice in diverse contexts and if updates to the framework are warranted. We mapped evidence from 15 drivers of food choice projects to the framework, using thematic analysis to identify common drivers within the food environment across countries and emergent characteristics not listed in the framework. The framework contained breadth and depth of content necessary to identify common drivers – prices and affordability, availability, and vendor and product properties. Insights regarding common drivers and emergent …