Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Maternal Risk, Beverly Winikoff

Reproductive Health

This presentation to the 1991 Berzelius Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, explores the issue of maternal risk—the probability or chance of dying or being seriously injured in pregnancy—as it is used in maternal health care. This concept of risk has been a useful tool for research and medical and epidemiological education, but its use as a tool for service delivery design has been more problematic. In order to construct a risk system, one has to have reliable data on the relationships between individual characteristics and the outcome being studied—something that is difficult to develop with regard to maternal health. Furthermore the system …

Limitations Of Maternal Care To Improve Maternal Health, Beverly Winikoff

Reproductive Health

In a presentation at the 1991 Berzelius Symposium in Sweden, a Population Council researcher described the limitations of healthcare systems, specifically during pregnancy, in terms of their effect on maternal health status. These limitations stem from an inability to improve health because of social conditions—poverty and illiteracy, overwork, inequality in sexual relationships—that cannot be solved by medical interventions. Maternal ill health originates before pregnancy and endures beyond it, whereas the window of contact with women during pregnancy is small. Nevertheless, recent evaluations suggest that the impact of prenatal care is in the caring process more than any specific aspect of …

Predictive Probabilities In Employee Drug-Testing, John M. Gleason, Darold T. Barnum

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Substance abuse in the U.S. has been estimated to cost $99 billion annually through lower productivity. Yet the authors urge caution in attempting to reduce these costs and health and safety Risks. In doing so, they cite commonly high frequencies of false negatives and false positives in employee drug tests - the latter having the potential to do great injustice to many drug-free employees.

An Alternative Public Health Vision For A National Drug Strategy: "Treatment Works", Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This article returns to a war waged virtually throughout this century--a war between the theories of punishment and rehabilitation in curtailing the drug epidemic. Today, the terms of the war are recast as supply-side policies based upon law enforcement; destroying crops in source countries; interdiction and increased sentencing; and demand reduction based upon prevention, education, and treatment. The war on drugs has reached a feverish pitch. New policies and statutes have tightened the grip of supply-side policies, with images of battle and hate mongering which go beyond the vilified drug lords and governments which harbor them, to the middle men, …

Genetic Discrimination: The Use Of Genetically Based Diagnostic And Prognostic Tests By Employers And Insurers, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This paper analyzes the law, ethics and public policy concerning "genetic discrimination," defined as the denial of rights, privileges or opportunities on the basis of information obtained from genetically based diagnostic and prognostic tests. The Human Genome Initiative will enhance the ability to gather and organize information that may predict a person's future potential and disabilities. Enormous human benefits may ensue from understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of genetic disorders, including disease prevention through genetic counseling, and treatment of the disorders through genetic manipulation. This information will help clinicians understand and eventually treat many of the more than 4,000 diseases …

The Interconnected Epidemics Of Drug Dependency And Aids, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Drug dependence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are America's two most pressing epidemics, interconnected by a cycle of urban poverty, physical dependence and a culture of sharing needles and syringes. Extant political strategies to curb these interconnected epidemics involve two traditional approaches. The first--law enforcement and interdiction--is designed to limit the supply of illicit drugs to the marketplace. This strategy is advanced by broad criminal sanctions against importing, selling, distributing, medically prescribing, or possessing illicit drugs or drug paraphernalia. The second strategy to combat the drug and HIV epidemics involves reducing the demand for illicit drugs. Education, counseling, and treatment …

Dietary And Parasitological Analysis Of Coprolites Recovered From Mummy 5, Ventana Cave, Arizona, Karl Reinhard, Richard H. Hevly

Karl Reinhard Publications

Four coprolites were excavated with Burial 5 at Ventana Cave. a partially mummified five-year-old child. Two coprolites were granular and dark in color and two were fibrous and light in color. The coprolites are remains of the child's intestinal contents and were submitted for dietary and parasitological analysis. No parasites were found. The fibrous coprolites proved to be remains of highly masticated mesquite pods (Prosopis). The granular coprolites consist of seeds of saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea). Pollen analysis reveals two dietary pollen types, both derived from cactus. No evidence of cultivated plants except for a trace amount of …

Burnout In Teachers: Is It Burnout Or Is It Depression?, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Ethical Principles For The Conduct Of Human Subject Research: Population-Based Research And Ethics, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This paper provides a halting first step in organizing a set of ethical guidelines for the conduct of population-based research, surveillance and practice. These principles are not distinct from, but an expansion of, traditional ethics. Research ethics, which matured significantly from the Nuremberg Code through to the Helsinki IV and the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) guidelines, nourished the individual human spirit. Ethical principles should have a similarly profound impact in the development of science and the protection of human populations in the 1990s and beyond.

Recreational Sports Interests Of Faculty, Staff And Administration At Eastern Illinois University, Tammy J. Rees

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Les Accidents Aux Mains Dans Le Secteur De La Fabrication De Produits En Métal : Résumé, Danièle Champoux, Madeleine Bourdouxhe

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le secteur manufacturier de la fabrication de produits métalliques occupe environ 35 000 travailleurs au Québeс, dont 70% sont des travailleurs manuels. Ils sont à l'emploi de quelque 2 000 entreprises qui œuvrent dans un marché très compétitif et qui sont très vulnérables aux fluctuations du marché. Environ 80% de ces entreprises emploient moins de 20 travailleurs; il s'y fait beaucoup de travaux en sous-traitance. Pour des raisons administratives, le secteur est divisé en 10 sous-secteurs selon la nature des produits. Dans l'ensemble, l'industrie souffre d'une sous-capitalisation importante et les changements technologiques tardent à s'y implanter. La grande région métropolitaine …

Évaluation De Prototypes De Deux Modèles De Visières Pour Les Travailleurs Forestiers, Raymond Bélanger

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La présente étude « Évaluation de prototypes de deux modèles de visières pour les travailleurs forestiers » fait suite à une première démarche qui a comporté un double volet.

Le premier volet a consisté en une étude terrain axée sur l'analyse du travail des travailleurs forestiers et la détermination de critères de design d'un protecteur oculaire (une visière) conçu pour eux. En parallèle, une recherche de matériaux et de traitements anti-buée et anti-abrasion susceptibles d'être utilisés pour la réalisation de cette visière a été confiée au CRIQ; suite aux résultats, une évaluation de ces matériaux et traitements a été effectuée …

Professional Experience Programme Report: Women's Health Promotion, An International Perspective, Lynne Hunt

Research outputs pre 2011

Between August 1988 and January 1989 I visited niQe countries in the Western Pacific, North America and Europe to survey women's health promotion from the perspective of the women's health movement. The experience was facilitated by study leave (Professional Experience Programme) from the Western Australian College of Advanced Education (now Edith Cowan University).

The main purpose of the study was to exchange ideas with selected academics and experts in women's health. The information acquired will be applied in courses in women's health offered by Edith Cowan University and in the ongoing development of a series of videotape productions on women's …

Health And Safety Practices In Three Art Classrooms, George Wade Killian

Graduate Research Papers

Each day art teachers and their students use clay, glazes. paints, solvents, aerosols, and adhesives that may be slowly poisoning their bodies. In most cases there are safe art material substitutes or alternative working methods which may be used. Unfortunately, many art teachers and their students still may not be fully aware of the dangers posed by a variety of hazardous materials and processes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of teacher concern about health and safety in the classroom.

Maine Aids Alliance Newsletter (December 1990), Maine Aids Allaince

Newsletter / Maine AIDS Alliance (1990-1991)

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Neuropsychological Sequelae Of Brain Tumors, John L. Fisk, Jerel E. Del Dotto

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Investigation of the neuropsychological sequelae of brain tumors is extremely complex largely because the neurobehavioral consequences of brain tumors depend upon complex interactions among disease and treatment variables as well as patient characteristics. To illustrate some of these complexities, we present case studies of two patients in whom the behavioral outcome was not easily predictable on the basis of our current understanding of brain-behavior relationships in tumor patients. The case studies do illustrate how neuropsychological evaluation aids in identifying cognitive deficits which have implications for subsequent quality of life. Recommendations for future experiments and statistical analyses of neurobehavioral data of …

Health And Adjustment In Young Adults: Preliminary Findings From An Epidemiologic Survey, Naomi Breslau, Glenn C. Davis, Patricia Andreski

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Response To Cpap And Uppp In Apnea, Frank J. Zorick, Timothy Roehrs, William Conway, George Potts, Thomas Roth

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Ninety-two consecutive patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were studied before and six weeks after treatment with either nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) (n = 46 per group). Assignment of patients to treatment was based on clinical considerations and patient preference. Patients were assessed by nocturnal polysomnography and performance on the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) the following day. Before treatment, the CPAP and UPPP groups did not differ in sleep-related respiratory disturbance, oxygenation during sleep, fragmentation of sleep, or the level of excessive daytime sleepiness indicated by the MSLT. Both treatments produced significant improvement …

Perioperative Management Of Diabetes, Gary W. Edelson, J. David Fachnie, Fred W. Whitehouse

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

The Physiologic Basis For Nutritional Support In Hepatic Failure, John J. Fath

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Hepatic failure is often perceived as a unidimensional progression from near normal clinical function (Child's class A) to overt clinical failure (Child's class C). As this view fails to distinguish between patients who are capable of using exogenous protein and those who cannot, it hinders the nutritional support team in determining protein supplementation. This report addresses the physiologic basis for variable findings in hepatic failure and proposes a simple definition of hepatic faliure based upon ability to utilize amino acids.

Nutritional Implications Of Liver Transplantation, Jeanette M. Hasse

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Malnutrition is a common problem of patients undergoing liver transplantation. To treat malnutrition, it must first be identified through a nutritional assessment. Because many objective nutritional assessment parameters have limitations in end-stage liver disease, subjective nutritional indicators may be used as an alternative. Nutritional needs following transplantation are categorized as short and long term. The short-term nutritional goal, anabolism, can be complicated by the nutritional status of the patient, surgical procedures, and necessary medications. The increased nutrient needs during the early posttransplant phase require particular nutritional support. Nutrition-related problems following transplantation may include obesity, hyperlipidemia. hypertension, diabetes mellitus. hyperkalemia, edema, …

Allogeneic Whole Pancreas Transplantation In Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, José Goldman, Heung K. Oh, Mark G. Webb, Martin Mozes, Nancy Turza, Warren L. Kupin, K. K. Venkat, Ramón Del Busto

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

A clinical whole organ pancreas transplantation program for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by end-stage renal disease was initiated at Henry Ford Hospital in 1987. Five patients have received pancreatic allografts after a previous kidney transplant (phase 1), and six patients had simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants (phase 2). Ten patients had functioning pancreatic grafts after surgery, and all of them had normal carbohydrate tolerance with appropriate plasma free insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test three months after transplantation. As long as 28 months postsurgery six patients remained free of insulin requirements; however, one patient rejected the pancreatic allograft, …

Passive Inhalation Of Cocaine By Infants, Sabrina M. Heidemann, Mark G. Goetting

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Cocaine abuse has increased greatly in recent years, creating important medical, legal, and social problems. Urine drug testing is used to diagnose cocaine ingestion. The presence of the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (BZ) is commonly believed to be proof of recent cocaine intoxication. However, oral ingestion of even a minute quantity of cocaine can result in a positive test result. BZ was detected in the urine of four nonbreast-fed infants aged 6 weeks to 14 months who were admitted with diagnoses unrelated to cocaine poisoning. These infants were exposed to cocaine by passive inhalation of vapors generated by adult caretakers smoking …

Psychiatry Update: Current Research And Other New Developments, Glenn C. Davis, Naomi Breslau

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Age, Neuropsychological Impairment, And Medication On Regional Cerebral Blood Flow In Schizophrenia And Major Affective Disorder, Perry C. Goldstein, Gregory G. Brown, Andrew Marcus, James R. Ewing

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Reports of abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with schizophrenia and major affective disorder are contradictory. To gain a better understanding of the possible sources of these contradictions, the rCBF and neuropsychological functioning of 15 schizophrenics, 15 patients with major affective disorder, and 15 age-matched controls were studied. No group differences in overall rCBF, percent frontal devialion in flow, or rCBF asymmetries were observed. Both overall rCBF and percent frontal deviation of rCBF were reduced with greater age and with increasing neuropsychological impairment. Dosage of neuroleptic medication was associated with reduced whole brain flow, not with percent …

The Ketterer Stress Symptom Frequency Checklist: Anger And The Severity Of Coronary Artery Disease, Mark W. Ketterer

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Recent research suggests that the most potent feature of the Type A behavior pattern for prospectively predicting cardiac disease is aggravation, irritation, anger, and impatience (AIAI). The present study examines psychometric properties of a new AIAI measure and its relationship to the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Subjects included 61 males undergoing coronary angiography. Comparisons were made of mean psychometric scores across groupings, defined by number of vessels occluded. These comparisons showed that the normal or subclinically occluded coronary angiographic group had high levels of depression and anxiety. Higher levels of AIAI were observed in patients with multivessel CAD …

Psychometric Profiles Of Patient Populations With Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Edward J. Stepanski, Jon J. Markey, Frank J. Zorick, Thomas Roth

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Patients with narcolepsy have more psychiatric symptoms than normal controls as measured by psychometric tests. However, it is unclear whether these findings are specific to narcolepsy, as some studies have suggested, or related to excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or to chronic illness. We compared a group of 56 narcoleptics to age- and sex-matched controls with EDS. A group of 48 individuals with normal sleep architecture was also used as an additional control group. Both the narcoleptic group and the EDS-control group had significantly greater scores on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales hut were not different from each other. Our data …

From His Rib, J. David Fachnie

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

An Overview Of Renal Transplantation At Henry Ford Hospital, Warren L. Kupin, K. K. Venkat, Martin Mozes, Hajime Hayashi, Heung K. Oh

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.