Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sécurité Des Chariots Élévateurs : Étude De L’Efficacité De La Ceinture De Sécurité, Pierre-Étienne Bourret, Stéphane Martel, Marina Koutchouk, Marc-André Roux, Michel Gou, Carl-Éric Aubin, Denis Rancourt

Rapports de recherche scientifique

C’est au début des années 90 que la CSST a fait une première demande à l’IRSST pour étudier l’efficacité du port des ceintures de sécurité pour la conduite de chariots élévateurs. En 1998, René Benoît et Josée Duquette (Duquette et Benoît, 1998) déposaient un bilan exhaustif sur l’ensemble des dispositifs de sécurité utilisés sur les chariots élévateurs. Dans ce bilan, on reprochait principalement la non-représentativité des résultats de certaines études. De plus, Duquette et Benoît (Duquette et Benoît, 1998) ont noté, à plusieurs reprises, le caractère contradictoire entre les études effectuées sur les mêmes dispositifs de sécurité. Ces conclusions ont …

Tms : L'Influence Des Représentations De La Maladie, De La Douleur Et De La Guérison Sur Le Processus De Réadaptation Au Travail, Raymond Baril, Marie-José Durand, Marie-France Coutu, Daniel Côté, Geneviève Cadieux, Annick Rouleau, Suzy Ngomo

Rapports de recherche scientifique

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Problématique de santé et sécurité du travail et objectifs spécifiques :

Les troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) affectent une grande proportion des travailleurs du Québec et engendrent des coûts humains, sociaux et financiers très importants. Ces troubles laissent des séquelles persistantes chez une proportion non négligeable de travailleurs. Afin d’effectuer un retour au travail sain et sécuritaire, ceux-ci doivent souvent avoir recours à un processus de réadaptation. Le processus de réactivation et de retour au travail n’est pas nécessairement linéaire. Les travailleurs passent plutôt par des phases caractérisées par une évolution physique, psychologique …

Dimensionnement Des Chutes À Minerai, John Hadjigeorgiou, Jean-François Lessard

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La manutention du minerai et du stérile dans la plupart des mines souterraines repose sur un système de cheminées à minerai. Ces cheminées ont pour but de transférer, par gravité, le minerai depuis les niveaux supérieurs de la mine jusqu'au niveau de concassage et de hissage.

L’expérience observée dans 12 mines souterraines québécoises a démontré que les problèmes d’écoulement du matériau dans les systèmes de cheminées sont fréquemment rencontrés. Ces problèmes ont été classifiés en deux catégories distinctes, telles que proposées par Emmerich (1992); soit les accrochages et les blocages. Les accrochages sont définis comme des obstructions empêchant l’écoulement dans …

Industrie De La Réparation Automobile : Caractérisation Du Bruit Et Des Vibrations Émis Par Les Outils Portatifs, Pierre Marcotte, Rémy Oddo, Jérôme Boutin, Rémi Boilley, Hugues Nélisse, Paul-Émile Boileau, Pierre Drouin, Christian Sirard, Renaud Daigle

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L’objectif de ce projet de recherche était de caractériser, en laboratoire, le bruit et les vibrations émis par cinq classes d’outils portatifs (clés pneumatiques, clés pneumatiques à impact, meuleuses et meuleuses d’outillage, ponceuses, marteaux pneumatiques), utilisées dans les ateliers de réparation automobile du Québec. Pour chaque classe d’outil, 4 à 5 modèles d’outil ont été sélectionnés pour évaluer l’émission vibratoire et sonore de ces outils sur des bancs d’essai. Ces bancs d’essai de première génération sont basés sur la série de normes ISO 8662 pour l’évaluation des vibrations main-bras, ainsi que sur la norme ISO 15744 pour l’évaluation de la …

Increased Hiv Risk Associated With Criminal Justice Involvement Among Men On Methadone, Matthew Epperson, Nabila El-Bassel, Louisa Gilbert, E. Roberto Orellana, Mingway Chang

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper examines the relationship between HIV risk and criminal justice involvement among a random sample of 356 men enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment programs in New York City. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the associations between measures of criminal justice involvement and participant HIV risk, controlling for socio-demographic variables. A lifetime history of incarceration was significantly associated with being HIV positive (Adjusted OR = 5.08). Recent arrest was associated with unprotected vaginal sex and having multiple female sexual partners. Sex trading was associated with both arrest and incarceration, and the strongest association was found between …

Female-Initiated Prevention Methods (Fipm) In Kenya: Focus On The Female Condom, Martha Brady

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

As noted in this brief, the female condom (FC) is the only female-initiated prevention product that provides simultaneous protection against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Although available for more than a decade, the FC remains limited in supply, not readily available, and underutilized. Obstacles to widespread availability and use are often generalized (e.g., high costs, resistance of partners, or unavailability). With the upcoming second generation of FCs—and ultimately microbicides—being added to female-initiated prevention methods, the need to overcome these impediments with concrete solutions is critical. Government and donor commitment to long-term, sustained supply and program support is essential. …

The Female Condom In Ghana: Exploring The Current State Of Affairs And Gauging Potential For Enhanced Promotion, Reshma Naik, Martha Brady

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The female condom (FC) is the only safe and effective female-initiated method that provides simultaneous protection against unintended pregnancy as well as sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. An exploratory exercise was conducted by the Population Council to gain an understanding of the current and historical landscape of FC procurement, distribution, and programming in Ghana and to explore the viability of enhancing national FC promotion. The exercise revealed that a large-scale launch of the FC occurred in Ghana in 2000 and was largely successful in raising product awareness; however, uptake remained low. Momentum has waned since the initial launch and financial …

Education And Transition To Work Among Youth In Maharashtra, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips)

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The extent to which India will be able to successfully harness its demographic dividend depends significantly on the situation of its youth, notably on the levels of education and market-oriented skills they attain. In many states, youth have made progress on these fronts. Youth in Maharashtra have made considerable strides in terms of educational attainment, yet it is not clear that they are prepared for the challenges they will face in a globalized world. Looking at the current educational and employment situation of youth in Maharashtra, this policy brief argues that significant investments in terms of appropriate policies and programs …

Young People's Participation In Civil Society And Political Life In Maharashtra, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips)

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Youth participation in civil society and political life is increasingly recognized as an important development objective. The opportunities for participation that young people experience in their communities may influence their development and the types of transitions they make to adulthood. Moreover, behaviors and attitudes relating to community participation that individuals adopt as young people predict lifelong civic affiliations and perspectives. In India, the National Youth Policy 2003 has underscored the role of India’s youth in political decision-making, and has argued for greater representation of youth in appropriate bodies as well as more extensive youth participation in program design and implementation. …

Terms Of Marriage And Time-Use Patterns Of Young Wives: Evidence From Rural Bangladesh, Sajeda Amin, Luciana Suran

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This working paper explores the relationship between marriage arrangements and daily activities of young married women, using detailed time-use data from an adolescent study in rural Bangladesh. Measures of marriage arrangement are payment of dowry and the relative wealth status of natal and marital families. Using multivariate regression analysis, the results show that women’s time spent in domestic work, socializing, and self-care is significantly associated with marriage arrangement variables. Those who paid dowry spent more time in domestic work and less time in self-care and socializing relative to those who did not pay dowry. These patterns of association are similar …

Multiple Dimensions Of Urban Well-Being: Evidence From India, S. Chandrasekhar, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This working paper addresses differences in outcomes across households residing in slums and non-slum urban areas of India. We first established that if utility is defined as access to public goods such as water and sanitation, then residents in non-slum urban areas are unambiguously better off than slum dwellers. On the other hand, we found that the distribution of private goods (monthly per capita expenditure and per capita living area) in non-slum areas does not dominate the distribution of these goods in the slums, implying that non-slum residents are not unequivocally better off than slum residents. Since slums are on …

Early Marriage And Sexual And Reproductive Health Risks: Experiences Of Young Women And Men In Andhra Pradesh And Madhya Pradesh, India, K.G. Santhya, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Saswata Ghosh

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Population Council undertook a large-scale study of married young women and men in two rural settings in India to assess their situation and vulnerability to HIV and other adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Findings of the study clearly underscore the vulnerability of married youth to STI/HIV as a result of risky sexual experiences before, within, and after marriage. Furthermore, there is a need to sensitize healthcare providers to the special needs and vulnerability of married young people and orient them to the need for developing appropriate strategies to reach diverse groups of young people, including married young women …

Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006-2007, Executive Summary, Maharashtra, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This executive summary presents, in brief, findings on the situation of youth in Maharashtra, part of a subnational study undertaken by the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, and the Population Council, New Delhi, as part of a project to collect information on key transitions experienced by youth in India. Transitions include those related to education, workforce participation, sexual activity, marriage, health and civic participation, the magnitude and patterns of young people’s sexual and reproductive practices before, within, and outside of marriage, as well as related knowledge, decision-making, and attitudes. The project was implemented in six states of India, namely, …

Validation Of Two Qualitative Occupational Expose Assessment Models For Particulates And Vapors, Leshan J. Elliott

All ETDs from UAB

o ensure industrial workers are not overexposed to hazardous chemicals, it is necessary to evaluate the magnitude of occupational exposures. Small and medium sized companies usually do not employ industrial hygienists or other professionals trained in occupational exposure evaluations. Thus, traditional quantitative air sampling methods are usually not feasible due to resource and budgetary limitations. Qualitative exposure assessment models have gained in popularity because they are simple, inexpensive, and less time consuming than quantitative methods. Models are available which predict exposure concentrations or categorize exposures as acceptable or unacceptable. Unfortunately, most models have not been validated or previous studies have …

Gender Difference In Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes: Survival, Functional Independence, And Employment Status, Andrea T. Underhill

All ETDs from UAB

Medical and rehabilitative care of women living with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is based on information drawn from research conducted primarily on men. Care for men may be adequate for women, but all of the body’s organs have the capability to respond differently based on gender, and research should examine the genders separately. This dissertation examines the survival to 24 months post-TBI and the functional independence and employment status at 12 and 24 months post-TBI of men and women. Participants were drawn from a longitudinal study of injured persons and include those diagnosed only with a TBI. Variables used in …

Partner Referral Among Patients With Sexually Transmitted Diseases In Dhaka, Bangladesh, Nazmul Alam

All ETDs from UAB

This dissertation puts together three closely related articles on partner referral for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). The first paper sought to understand feasibility and acceptability of partner referral for STD in less developed countries using a systematic literature review. The results summarized from 39 articles indicate that partner referral outcome was more common for spousal partners than for causal partners. Client's reported barriers included stigma and fear of abuse while infrastructural barriers included limited resources are important. Client centered counseling was found to be effective in increasing partner referral in Africa. The second paper aimed to determine if intention of …

Diagnosing Antiretroviral Treatment Failure In Resource-Limited Settings, Ronald Alexander Cantrell

All ETDs from UAB

This dissertation had three central goals. The first was to review the existing literature for reports of virologic failure among adults initiating non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. The second was to describe the epidemiology of virologic failure over the first 6 months of therapy in Lusaka, Zambia. The third was to examine the performance of different approaches for diagnosing virologic failure. We performed a meta-analysis using data from previously published reports to create summary estimates for the prevalence of virologic failure and found that the lowest estimate of the 95% confidence interval was 10% or higher …

Enzymatic And Proteomic Analysis Of Spinal Cord In A G93a Als Mouse Model, Page Jones

All ETDs from UAB

Mutations to copper,zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD or SOD1) are the only known causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by death of spinal motor neurons. While the molecular mechanisms responsible for motor neuron death in this disease remain to be elucidated, recent studies implicate mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in the pathogenesis of ALS. In support of this, we observed ALS-dependent alterations in key functions including creatine kinase activity and ATP levels, which could be linked to changes in the mitochondrial proteome. Importantly, extensive research efforts have failed to develop a treatment that significantly …

Taller Regional De Utilización De Resultados De Investigación Operativa Para Incrementar El Acceso, La Calidad E Integración De Los Servicios Anticonceptivos En América Latina Y El Caribe, M. Estela Rivero-Fuentes, Antonieta Martin

Reproductive Health

En octubre de 2007, el programa Fronteras de la Salud Reproductiva (FRONTERAS) realizó un taller regional de tres días en La Antigua, Guatemala, para difundir los resultados de sus proyectos de investigación operativa. Durante el taller, los participantes escucharon los avances en la metodología anticonceptiva y escucharon las estrategias efectivas que probó FRONTERAS para incrementar el acceso al DIU y la vasectomía; la integración de la planificación familiar con los servicios posparto, postaborto y PTMI. Los investigadores habloaron sobre los resultados de los estudios, los gerentes de los programas explicaron cómo se usaban los instrumentos y se habló de la …

Guía Operativa Para Programas De Educación Sexual Y Servicios De Salud Reproductiva Para Jóvenes, Ofelia Aguilar, Lorena Santos, Marisa Diaz Infante, Rocio Mejia, Ricardo Vernon, Antonieta Martin

Reproductive Health

El presente libro tiene como fin poner al alcance de personas y organizaciones interesadas en establecer políticas y programas de servicios y educación sexual para los jóvenes, una guía basada en el Programa Gente Joven que implementa la Fundación Mexicana para la Planeación Familiar, A.C. (MEXFAM). Consideramos que los componentes y las actividades de este programa pueden ser adaptados en otras latitudes y así enriquecer proyectos orientados al trabajo con jóvenes.

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The purpose of this book is to make available, to people and organizations interested in establishing policies and programs on sexual education and services for young people, a …

Lutte Contre La Pratique De L'Excision Au Mali: De L'Approche Santé À L'Approche Basée Sur Les Droits De L'Enfant-Rapport D'Evaluation Du Programme Du Centre Djoliba, Anta Fall Diagne

Reproductive Health

Depuis les années 1980, Save the Children Suède soutient des activités visant à éliminer la pratique de l'excision organisées par le Centre Djoliba au Mali. Le but de cette évaluation est d'examiner l'impact du programme du Centre Djoliba sur la vie de communautés sélectionnées et en utilisant une approche basée sur les droits de l'homme et de l'enfant, pour examiner les changements majeurs dans les communautés cibles. Cette approche a conduit à une meilleure compréhension de ces droits et à la volonté des communautés d’essayer d’intégrer les connaissances acquises sur ces droits dans leur vie quotidienne. Cependant, l'environnement socioéconomique défavorable …

Managing And Preventing Female Genital Cutting (Fgm/C) Among The Somali Community In Kenya, Maryam Sheikh Abdi, Guyo W. Jaldesa, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

This report details the Council’s innovative work with religious leaders to reduce the practice of FGM/C in the Somali community in Northern Kenya. In the mid to late 2000s, through the USAID Frontiers project, the Council successfully engaged religious leaders and scholars as community educators to correct the customary misconception that FGM/C is a requirement of Islam. Through sermons and training sessions, these leaders were able to dis-associate FGM/C from Islam, raise public awareness about the harms associated with the practice, and encourage its abandonment.

Evaluation Of The Long-Term Impact Of The Tostan Programme On The Abandonment Of Fgm/C And Early Marriage: Results From A Qualitative Study In Senegal, Nafissatou J. Diop, Amadou Moreau, Helene Benga

Reproductive Health

In 1998–99, a village empowerment program was implemented in the Thiès/Fatick and Kolda regions of Senegal by the nongovernmental organization Tostan, to mobilize communities to hold public declarations in support of abandoning harmful traditional practices, including female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and child marriage. The information presented in this report indicates that many did end the practices following a public declaration, however, the lack of follow-up in the field and the absence of support mechanisms pose a large obstacle. Nevertheless, the program achieved significant results: knowledge of life skills resulting in positive changes and a shift in the perception of FGM/C …

Analysis Of The Evolution Of The Practice Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Burkina Faso, Nafissatou J. Diop, Zakari Congo, Aina Ouedraogo, Alphosine Sawadogo, Lydia Saloucou, Ida Tamini

Reproductive Health

This study was undertaken as a collaboration between the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health program and the Comité National de Lutte contre la Pratique de l’Excision (CNLPE) within the Ministry of Social Action and National Solidarity in Burkina Faso. The creation of a favorable environment for the campaign against excision in Burkina Faso has facilitated various anti-cutting activities over the past two decades and enabled the achievement of gains, both in terms of awareness and behavior change. However some of the strategies need further readjustment: among the reasons why excision still continues in Burkina Faso is a certain view …

Institutionalization Of Quality Assurance Within District Health Management: Experiences From Maharashtra And Karnataka, M.E. Khan, Anurag Mishra, Vivek Sharma, Jaleel Ahmad, Jose Joseph, Venkatesh Srinivasan, K.M. Sathyanarayana, Viji Vargees, K.D. Maiti, Rashmi Sharma

Reproductive Health

The Population Council, with financial support from UNFPA, provided technical assistance to the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka, India in implementing a quality assurance (QA) program and helped its institutionalization in the district level of health management. An analysis of all the facilities covered as of December 2007 revealed substantial gaps in the infrastructure and human resources available to provide good-quality services, as well as adherence to standards for providing the services. To build the capacity to undertake QA visits, the Population Council and state authorities organized a series of events to orient and train state and district officials, facility-level …

Using Systematic Screening To Integrate Health Services In India And Senegal: Pilot Study Versus Scale-Up Results, James R. Foreit

Reproductive Health

This study examines the effectiveness of using systematic screening to integrate health services in India and Senegal. First, a pilot study of relatively small-scale experiments was undertaken to determine if systematic screening for unmet needs for health services could increase the number of preventive care services clients receive at healthcare visits. FRONTIERS then participated in the scale-up to test the effect of different supervision and training strategies on the frequency of provider screening. Results show that systematic screening may have the potential to produce important increases in the number of services provided in many developing country settings at the pilot …

From Pilot To Program: Scaling Up The Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project, Humphres Evelia, Japheth Nyambane, Harriet Birungi, Ian Askew, Rikka Trangsrud, Eva Muthuuri, Irene Chaami, Agnes Odawa, Lucy Musyoka, Susan Mutungi, Margaret Githuiya, Joan Omuruli

Reproductive Health

The Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program and the Program for Appropriate Technology in Heath collaborated with three Government of Kenya ministries—Education; Health; and Gender, Sports, Culture and Social Services—to design and implement the Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project with the goals of: improving knowledge about reproductive health and encouraging a responsible and healthy attitude toward sexuality among adolescents, delaying the onset of sexual activity among younger adolescents, and decreasing risky behaviors among sexually active adolescents. Key findings from the pilot project showed that the three ministries could successfully implement these interventions with high participation among parents and youth. …

The Potential For Sustainability Of Malaria In Pregnancy Initiatives In East And Southern Africa: Kenya And Malawi, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Sam Agatre Okuonzi, Doreen Ali, Harriet Birungi, Annie Mwangi

Reproductive Health

This study assesses the sustainability of initiatives to improve maternal and child health survival by preventing and treating illness from malaria, and documents best practices for promoting sustainability and lessons for replication in countries where malaria is endemic. The study applied the Child Survival Sustainability Assessment framework to initiatives in Kenya and Malawi to analyze progress toward sustainability, including not only a biomedical perspective but also the human, social, and organizational processes that influence sustainability of health projects. The report concludes that Malaria in Pregnancy (MIP) interventions were sustained within and beyond the project districts in both countries. Furthermore, both …

Integrating Tuberculosis Case Finding And Treatment Into Focused Antenatal Care In Kenya, Charlotte E. Warren, Annie Mwangi

Reproductive Health

The Population Council/FRONTIERS program, in collaboration with the National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Programme, the Division of Reproductive Health, and the Provincial Health Management Team in Western Province, Kenya, received PEPFAR funding to improve screening for tuberculosis (TB) for pregnant women, including HIV-positive pregnant women. An intervention was tested to strengthen TB case detection to ensure that maternal and child health providers, in addition to providing antenatal care and PMTCT services, also screen and assess the client’s need for TB services and refer for further management. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated by the increased number of pregnant women who …

Technical Assistance To The Interagency Coordination Group Seeking To Reduce Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, Nafissatou J. Diop

Reproductive Health

This report documents technical assistance provided by FRONTIERS to the Interagency Coordination Group seeking to reduce female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, staff assisted the group in networking, learning to talk to each other, setting up an operational way of functioning, and influencing key international policy and programmatic documents. Lessons learned through operations research on FGM/C were disseminated widely through the group’s activities and FRONTIERS technical assistance influenced several plans of action and implementation programs. The report notes that in addition to better networking for presenting a common regional vision during the development of policy and programmatic …