Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Best Practices In Intercultural Health; Five Case Studies In Latin America, J. Mignone, J. Bartlett, J. O'Nwil, Treena Orchard

Dr. Treena Orchard

The practice of integrating western and traditional indigenous medicine is fast becoming an accepted and more widely used approach in health care systems throughout the world. However, debates about intercultural health approaches have raised significant concerns. This paper reports findings of five case studies on intercultural health in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Suriname. It presents summary information on each case study, comparatively analyzes the initiatives following four main analytical themes, and examines the case studies against a series of the best practice criteria.

Contested Strategies For Defining And Confronting Food Insecurity And Hiv/Aids: Case Studies From Zambia And Zimbabwe, John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Scrub Typhus Serologic Testing With The Indirect Immunofluorescence Method As A Diagnostic Gold Standard: A Lack Of Consensus Leads To A Lot Of Confusion, Stuart Blacksell, Naomi Bryant, Daniel Paris, Jenny Doust, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Nicholas Day

Jenny Doust

A review was performed to determine the evidence base for scrub typhus indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) methodologies and the criteria for positive results. This review included a total of 109 publications, which comprised 123 eligible studies for analysis (14 publications included 2 substudies). There was considerable underreporting of the IFA methodology and seropositivity criteria used, with most studies using a defined cutoff titer rather than an increase in the titer in paired samples. The choice of positivity cutoff titer varied by country and purpose of the IFA test. This variation limits the comparability of seroprevalence rates between studies and, more …

Teaching Evidence Based Laboratory Medicine, Jenny Doust, Sharon Sanders

Jenny Doust

No abstract provided.

In This Life: The Impact Of Gender And Tradition On Sexuality And Relationships For Devadasi Sex Workers In Rural India, Treena Orchard

Dr. Treena Orchard

In the popular imagination and certain academic fields, sex workers' experiences of sexuality and intimate relationships are often "naturalized," to the point where they are assumed to be deviant or completely different than those of women in mainstream society. Researchers and sex worker organizations are challenging these reified constructions by examining more diverse and representative models of sexuality and relationships. However, the experiences of women selling sex in the "third world" are consistently portrayed as violent, non-pleasurable, and oppressive, characteristics often applied universally to "third world women". Using data from ethnographic fieldwork with girls and women who belong to the …

Girl, Woman, Lover, Mother: Towards A New Understanding Of Child Prostitution Among Young Devadasi Sex Workers In Rural Karnataka, India, Treena Orchard

Dr. Treena Orchard

The emotive issue of child prostitution is at the heart of international debates over ‘trafficking’ in women and girls, the “new slave trade”, and how these phenomena are linked with globalization, sex tourism, and expanding transnational economies. However, young sex workers, particularly those in the ‘third world’, are often represented through tropes of victimization, poverty, and “backwards” cultural traditions, constructions that rarely capture the complexity of the girls’ experiences and the role that prostitution plays in their lives. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with girls and young women who are part of the Devadasi (servant/slave of the God) system of sex …

Determining Client Need In A Multi-State Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Consortium: From Training To Practice, Suzanne Christopher, Tim Dunnagan, George Haynes, Lili Stiff

Tim Dunnagan

Background: A multi-state consortium was developed in the US to conduct baseline data collection and intervention research on fetal alcohol syndrome. Each state employed support specialists whose job it was to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption in women who were at high risk for drinking alcohol during their pregnancy. The purpose of this paper is to report how support specialists in three primarily rural/frontier states were trained to assess client need and how client need was actually assessed in the field.

Methods: A qualitative process evaluation was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with state staff involved in support …

Mental Health Parity Laws, Louis Graham, Kisha Braithwaite

Louis F Graham

Brief Report: Impact Of Classroom Presentations About Health And Help Seeking On Rural Australian Adolescents’ Intentions To Consult Health Care Professionals., Coralie J. Wilson

Frank Deane

Building Bridges-GP-Team (Building Bridges-Team; Wilson et al., 2004c) is a variation of the Building Bridges to General Practice: GPs in Schools program (Building Bridges-GP; Wilson et al., 2004a), which promotes consultation with health care professionals who are local and available for rural and regional adolescent’ consultation. The first major component of Building Bridges-GP-Team involves structured health professional training that provides knowledge in three basic areas: (1) adolescents’ help seeking barriers and ways to address barriers in primary health care; (2) developmental issues relevant to adolescent’ help seeking; and (3) classroom management, presentation strategies, and elementary teaching skills. Training is based …

Brief Report: Impact Of Classroom Presentations About Health And Help Seeking On Rural Australian Adolescents’ Intentions To Consult Health Care Professionals., Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Building Bridges-GP-Team (Building Bridges-Team; Wilson et al., 2004c) is a variation of the Building Bridges to General Practice: GPs in Schools program (Building Bridges-GP; Wilson et al., 2004a), which promotes consultation with health care professionals who are local and available for rural and regional adolescent’ consultation. The first major component of Building Bridges-GP-Team involves structured health professional training that provides knowledge in three basic areas: (1) adolescents’ help seeking barriers and ways to address barriers in primary health care; (2) developmental issues relevant to adolescent’ help seeking; and (3) classroom management, presentation strategies, and elementary teaching skills. Training is based …

Synergistic Induction Of Ahr Regulated Genes In Developmental Toxicity From Co-Exposure To Two Model Pahs In Zebrafish, Alicia R. Timme-Laragy, Crystal J. Cockman, Cole W. Matson, Richard T. Di Giulio

Alicia R. Timme-Laragy

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants created by the incomplete combustion of carbon, and are increasing in the environment largely due to the burning of fossil fuels. PAHs occur as complex mixtures, and some combinations have been shown to cause synergistic developmental toxicity in fish embryos, characterized by pericardial edema and craniofacial malformations. Previous studies have indicated that in the zebrafish model, this toxicity is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AHR2), and enhanced by inhibition of CYP1A activity. In this study, we further examined this interaction of the model PAH and AHR agonist beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) with and without …

Depressive Symptoms And Help-Seeking Intentions In Young People., Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Whether the help-negation effect as demonstrated for suicidal thoughts was also evident for depressive symptoms was investigated in three studies of young people from diverse urban areas. The studies comprised a large sample of younger high school students (years 7-10), a sample of older high school students (years 8-12), and first year university students. A self-report questionnaire that measured help-seeking intentions, prior help-seeking experiences, and depression was administered. Results revealed the strongest inverse association between level of depressive symptoms was with intentions to seek help from parents across all three samples. There was a consistent trend for students to report …

Investigating The Sources And Atmospheric Processing Of Fine Particles From Asia And The Northwestern United States Measured During Intex B, Richard E. Peltier, A. H. Hecobian, R. J. Weber, A. Stohl, E. L. Atlas, D. D. Riemer, D. R. Blake, E. Apel, T. Campos, T. Karl

Richard E. Peltier

During the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration (NASA) Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment, Phase B (INTEX-B), in the spring of 2006, air- borne measurements were made in the United States Pacific Northwest of the major inorganic ions and the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) of submicron (PM 1 . 0 ) aerosol. An atmospheric trajectory (HYSPLIT) and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (Flexpart) quantifying source contributions for carbon monoxide (CO) were used to segregate air masses into those of primarily Asian influence ( > 75% Asian CO) or North American influence ( > 75% North American CO). Of the measured compounds, fine particle …

When And How Do Young People Seek Professional Help For Mental Health Problems?, Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Despite the high prevalence of mental health problems and disorders that develop in adolescence and early adulthood, young people tend to not seek professional help. Young men and young people from Indigenous and ethnic minority groups tend to be those most reluctant to seek help. Young people are more inclined to seek help for mental health problems if they: have some knowledge about mental health issues and sources of help; feel emotionally competent to express their feelings; and have established and trusted relationships with potential help providers. Young people are less likely to seek help if they: are experiencing suicidal …

Risk Perception, Road Behavior, And Pedestrian Injury Among Adolescent Students In Kathmandu, Nepal, Krishna C. Poudel, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Shinji Nakahara, Mascao Ichikawa, Krishna C. Poudel, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Aterosclerose: Comparando Brasil E Estados Unidos, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Sunshine And Suicide At The Tropic Of Capricorn, São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2004, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Several studies have confi rmed seasonal variation in suicide rates according to hours of sunshine. The suicide pattern was assessed in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, at the tropic of Capricorn from 1996 to 2004. Poisson regression was employed to estimate parameters of seasonality, as well as to verify associations for each day between daylight duration and suicide. During the nine-year study period, there were 3,984 suicides (76.9% in men; median age=38.7 years old). Seasonal averages of suicides were similar, as were monthly averages. Poisson regression did not reveal any association between suicide rates and hours of sunshine (p=0.45) for both …

The Role Of Electronic Medical Record In Nation Care Delivery, Development: Case Study On Ghana, Faustine Williams

Faustine Williams

Partner Notification: A Promising Approach To Addressing The Hiv/Aids Racial Disparity In The United States, David J. Malebranche, Patricia Kissinger

David J Malebranche

No abstract provided.

Hiv/Aids Prevention Research Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: Current Progress And Future Directions, Gregorio A. Millett, David J. Malebranche, John L. Peterson

David J Malebranche

No abstract provided.

Weekends: A Dangerous Time For Having A Stroke?, Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Hospital Volume And Stroke Outcome: Does It Matter?, Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Definitive Radiation Therapy Management For Medically Non-Resectable Clinically Localised Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results & Prognostic Factors, Edward Yu, Patricia Tai, Robert Ash, Michael Lee, Larry Stitt, George Rodrigues, Rashid Dar, Mark Vincent, Richard Inculet, Richard Malthaner

Edward Yu

The aim of this paper is to review the experience of radical radiation therapy and the prognostic factors of patient outcome for clinically localised, medically inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Clinically staged node-negative NSCLC patients who were not a surgical candidates due to co-morbid diseases but who were eligible for curative treatment, were reviewed in the London Regional Cancer Program (LRCP). This study population was treated between 1st Jan 1985 to 31st Jan 2004. Patients were excluded if they were previously treated with chest radiotherapy. Patients with localised disease, but who refused surgery, were also included in the …

Technological Iatrogenesis: New Risks Force Heightened Management Awareness, Patrick Albert Palmieri

Patrick Albert Palmieri

Iatrogenesis is a term typically reserved to express the state of ill health or the adverse outcome resulting from a medical intervention, or lack thereof. Three types of iatrogenesis are described in the literature: clinical, social and cultural. This paper introduces a fourth type, technological iatrogenesis, or emerging errors stimulated by the infusion of technological innovations into complex healthcare systems. While health information technologies (HIT) have helped to make healthcare safer, this has also produced contemporary varieties of iatrogenic errors and events. The potential pitfalls of technological innovations and risk management solutions to address these concerns are discussed. Specifically, failure …