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- Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works (170)
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Articles 181 - 202 of 202
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Using Media Messaging To Promote Healthful Eating And Physical Activity Among Urban Youth, B.J Carter, Amanda Birnbaum, Lisa Hark, Brian Vickery, Charles Potter, Michael P. Osborne
Using Media Messaging To Promote Healthful Eating And Physical Activity Among Urban Youth, B.J Carter, Amanda Birnbaum, Lisa Hark, Brian Vickery, Charles Potter, Michael P. Osborne
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
National trends show consistent increases, as well as racial and ethnic dis- parities, in the prevalence of overweight children and adolescents. Such disparity is evident regarding behaviors such as a poor diet and a lack of physical activity and in the prevalence and outcomes of associated health problems. It has been suggested that grounding interventions in cultural traditions and norms are critical for preventing obesity among ethnic and racial minority youth; however, with some notable exceptions, few community interventions have used this approach. Moreover, urban minority youth may face additional barriers to healthful eating and physical activity behaviors, such as …
Longitudinal Invariance Of The Center For Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale Among Girls And Boys In Middle School, Robert W. Motl, Rod K. Dishman, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle
Longitudinal Invariance Of The Center For Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale Among Girls And Boys In Middle School, Robert W. Motl, Rod K. Dishman, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
This study tested the longitudinal factorial invariance of a theoretically consistent, higher-order model for Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scores among adolescent girls and boys in middle school. Data were collected from 2,416 adolescents who completed a survey containing the CES-D in the fall of 1998, spring of 1999, and spring of 2000. The invariance analyses were conducted using LISREL 8.50 with maximum likelihood estimation and the Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square statistic and standard errors. The higher-order model demonstrated longitudinal, as well as gender, invariance of the overall factor structure and first- and second-order structure coefficients, first-order factor variances, second-order factor …
Dietary Carbohydrates And Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study Of The Roles Of Overall Glycemic Index And Glycemic Load, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Meera Jain, Geoffrey R. Howe, Anthony B. Miller, Thomas E. Rohan
Dietary Carbohydrates And Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study Of The Roles Of Overall Glycemic Index And Glycemic Load, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Meera Jain, Geoffrey R. Howe, Anthony B. Miller, Thomas E. Rohan
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
We examined breast cancer risk in association with overall glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and dietary carbohydrate and sugar intake in a prospective cohort of 49,613 Canadian women enrolled in the National Breast Screening Study who completed a self‐administered food frequency questionnaire between 1980 and 1985. Linkages to national mortality and cancer databases yielded data on deaths and cancer incidence, with follow‐up ending between 1998 and 2000. During a mean follow‐up of 16.6 years, we observed 1,461 incident breast cancer cases. GI, GL, total carbohydrate and total sugar intake were not associated with breast cancer risk in the total …
Dietary Carbohydrates And Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study Of The Roles Of Overall Glycemic Index And Glycemic Load, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Meera Jain, Geoffrey R. Howe, Anthony B. Miller, Thomas E. Rohan
Dietary Carbohydrates And Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study Of The Roles Of Overall Glycemic Index And Glycemic Load, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Meera Jain, Geoffrey R. Howe, Anthony B. Miller, Thomas E. Rohan
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
We examined breast cancer risk in association with an overall glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and dietary carbohydrate and sugar intake in a prospective cohort of 49,613 Canadian women enrolled in the National Breast Screening Study who completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire between 1980 and 1985. Linkages to national mortality and cancer databases yielded data on deaths and cancer incidence, with follow-up ending between 1998 and 2000. During a mean follow-up of 16.6 years, we observed 1,461 incident breast cancer cases. GI, GL, total carbohydrate, and total sugar intake were not associated with breast cancer risk in the …
A Theater-Based Approach To Primary Prevention Of Sexual Behavior For Early Adolescents, Jessica B. Janega, David M. Murray, Sherri P. Varnell, Jonathan L. Blitstein, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle
A Theater-Based Approach To Primary Prevention Of Sexual Behavior For Early Adolescents, Jessica B. Janega, David M. Murray, Sherri P. Varnell, Jonathan L. Blitstein, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
This article compares four mixed-model analyses valid for group-randomized trials (GRTs) involving a nested cohort design with a single pretest and posttest. This study makes estimates of intraclass correlations (ICCs) available to investigators planning GRTs addressing dietary outcomes. It also provides formulae demonstrating the potential benefits to the standard error of the intervention effect (σΔ) from adjustments for both fixed and time-varying covariates and correlations over time. These estimates will allow other researchers using these variables to plan their studies by estimating a priori detectable differences and sample size requirements for any of the four analytic options. These methods are …
Assessing Intervention Effects In A School-Based Nutrition Intervention Trial: Which Analytic Model Is Most Powerful?, Jessica B. Janega, David M. Murray, Sherri P. Varnell, Jonathan L. Blitstein, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle
Assessing Intervention Effects In A School-Based Nutrition Intervention Trial: Which Analytic Model Is Most Powerful?, Jessica B. Janega, David M. Murray, Sherri P. Varnell, Jonathan L. Blitstein, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
This article compares four mixed-model analyses valid for group-randomized trials (GRTs) involving a nested cohort design with a single pretest and posttest. This study makes estimates of intraclass correlations (ICCs) available to investigators planning GRTs addressing dietary outcomes. It also provides formulae demonstrating the potential benefits to the standard error of the intervention effect (σΔ) from adjustments for both fixed and time-varying covariates and correlations over time. These estimates will allow other researchers to use these variables to plan their studies by estimating a priori detectable differences and sample size requirements for any of the four analytic options. These methods …
A Schematic For Focusing On Youth In Investigations Of Community Design And Physical Activity, Kevin J. Krizek, Amanda Birnbaum, David M. Levinson
A Schematic For Focusing On Youth In Investigations Of Community Design And Physical Activity, Kevin J. Krizek, Amanda Birnbaum, David M. Levinson
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
This paper provides a first step in addressing special considerations for youth in a relatively new area of physical activity research. After reviewing the urgent need for novel approaches to increasing physical activity, the growing interest in the effects of community design are discussed. Although most discussion on this topic has focused on adults, there are important differences between youth and adults that warrant a special focus on youth and need to be accounted for. This article presents a schematic that accounts for how and where youth spend their time, decomposing the day into time spent in travel and time …
Casting Health Messages In Terms Of Responsibility For Dietary Change: Increasing Fruit And Vegetable Consumption, Pamela Williams-Piehota, Ashley R. Cox, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Linda Z. Mowad, Sharon Garcia, Nicole A. Katulak, Peter Salovey
Casting Health Messages In Terms Of Responsibility For Dietary Change: Increasing Fruit And Vegetable Consumption, Pamela Williams-Piehota, Ashley R. Cox, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Linda Z. Mowad, Sharon Garcia, Nicole A. Katulak, Peter Salovey
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Objective
To compare the effectiveness of messages emphasizing the importance of either personal or social responsibility for dietary behavior change in increasing fruit and vegetable intake.
Design/Setting
Randomly assigned individually or socially oriented messages were delivered at baseline, 1 week, and 2 and 3 months later. Telephone surveys were conducted at baseline and 1 and 4 months later.
Participants
528 callers to a cancer information hotline who were not meeting the “5 A Day” dietary recommendation.
Interventions
A brief telephone-delivered message and 3 mailings of pamphlets and promotional items encouraging fruit and vegetable intake that emphasized either personal or social …
School-Based Approaches To Affect Adolescents’ Diets: Results From The Teens Study, Leslie A. Lytle, David M. Murray, Cheryl L. Perry, Mary Story, Amanda Birnbaum, Martha Y. Kubik, Sherri Varnell
School-Based Approaches To Affect Adolescents’ Diets: Results From The Teens Study, Leslie A. Lytle, David M. Murray, Cheryl L. Perry, Mary Story, Amanda Birnbaum, Martha Y. Kubik, Sherri Varnell
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
This article reports on the outcomes of the Teens Eating for Energy and Nutrition at School (TEENS) study, a 2-year intervention study conducted in 16 middle schools with a goal of increasing students’ intakes of fruits, vegetables, and lower-fat foods. Despite positive interim results for students randomized to intervention schools, the positive effects of the intervention were not seen for the primary outcomes at the end of the 2nd year. Positive effects were seen only for a food choice score (suggesting that the students usually choose lower versus higher fat foods) and not for measures of food intake. Future studies …
Assessing The Most Powerful Analysis Method For School-Based Intervention Studies, Jessica B. Janega, David M. Murray, Sherri P. Varnell, Jonathan L. Blitstein, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle
Assessing The Most Powerful Analysis Method For School-Based Intervention Studies, Jessica B. Janega, David M. Murray, Sherri P. Varnell, Jonathan L. Blitstein, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
This article compares four mixed-model analyses valid for group-randomized trials (GRTs) involving a nested cohort design with a single pretest and a single posttest, the most common design used in GRTs. This study makes estimates of intraclass correlations (ICCs) available to investigators planning GRTs with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug measures as the outcomes of interest. It also provides formulae demonstrating the potential benefits to the standard error of the intervention effect of both adjustments for fixed and time-varying covariates, as well as correlations over time. These estimates will allow other researchers using these variables to plan their studies by …
Decreasing Barriers For Teens: Evaluation Of A New Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Strategy In School-Based Clinics, Abbey C. Sidebottom, Amanda Birnbaum, Sarah S. Nafstad
Decreasing Barriers For Teens: Evaluation Of A New Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Strategy In School-Based Clinics, Abbey C. Sidebottom, Amanda Birnbaum, Sarah S. Nafstad
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Sidebottom et al seek to evaluate the effects of the change in distribution systems on students' receipt of requested contraceptives and demand for contraceptive school-based clinics (SBC). The result of the study reveals that the average number of requests per student was higher under the voucher system, possibly as a consequence of expires vouchers resulting in repeated requests. The findings also suggest that SBCs could go a step further in reducing adolescents' barriers to accessing contraceptives by adopting an on-site direct delivery system..
Predicting Adolescents’ Intake Of Fruits And Vegetables, Leslie A. Lytle, Sherri Varnell, David M. Murray, Mary Story, Cherly Perry, Amanda Birnbaum, Martha Y. Kubik
Predicting Adolescents’ Intake Of Fruits And Vegetables, Leslie A. Lytle, Sherri Varnell, David M. Murray, Mary Story, Cherly Perry, Amanda Birnbaum, Martha Y. Kubik
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Objective
To explore potential predictors of adolescent fruit and vegetable intake by expanding on current theory and drawing from other adolescent research.
Design
This research reports on the baseline and interim data from a school-based intervention study. Data were collected through surveys administered to students at the beginning and end of their 7th-grade year.
Setting
The students attended 16 public schools in Minnesota.
Participants
Data were collected on 3878 students; approximately half were female and 67% were white. All students in the 7th-grade cohort were invited to participate in the surveys and over 94% completed both surveys.
Variables Measured
Our …
School Functioning And Violent Behavior Among Young Adolescents: A Contextual Analysis, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle, Peter J. Hannan, David M. Murray, Cheryl L. Perry, Jean L. Foster
School Functioning And Violent Behavior Among Young Adolescents: A Contextual Analysis, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle, Peter J. Hannan, David M. Murray, Cheryl L. Perry, Jean L. Foster
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
This paper examines associations between overall school functioning and the frequency of violent behaviors among young adolescents (ages 10–14). The sample included 16 middle schools participating in an unrelated intervention study (on nutrition) in Minneapolis, Minnesota. A School Functioning Index developed to characterize schools’ overall stability, performance, and demographics was constructed using data from public archives and school administrator surveys. Data on violent behaviors and other variables were collected in student surveys in fall 1998 and spring 1999. We used multilevel modeling to assess the effect of school functioning on violent behavior after adjusting for known individual-level covariates of violent …
Associations Between Perceived Family Meal Environment And Parent Intake Of Fruit,Vegetables, And Fat, Kerri N. Boutelle, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie Lytle, David M. Murray, Mary T. Story
Associations Between Perceived Family Meal Environment And Parent Intake Of Fruit,Vegetables, And Fat, Kerri N. Boutelle, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie Lytle, David M. Murray, Mary T. Story
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Objective
To describe the family mealtime environment and assess associations with adult fruit, vegetable, and fat intake.
Design
Telephone survey.
Participants
A convenience sample of 277 adults in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area were recruited through 4 schools. The sample was 85% female and 70% married. The mean number of children in the household was 2.6 (range 1 to 9).
Variables Measured
Adult fruit and vegetable intake, fat intake, and perceptions of the mealtime environment.
Analysis
Descriptive and mixed-model linear regression.
Results
Participants reported that the television was frequently on during dinner meals and almost one third felt that their family …
Diet, Obesity And Reflux In The Etiology Of Adenocarcinomas Of The Esophagus And Gastric Cardia In Humans, Susan Mayne, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera
Diet, Obesity And Reflux In The Etiology Of Adenocarcinomas Of The Esophagus And Gastric Cardia In Humans, Susan Mayne, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Incidence rates for esophageal adenocarcinoma have increased >350% since the mid-1970s. Rates for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma have also increased, although less steeply. This led to the initiation of large population-based case-control studies, particularly in the United States and Sweden, aimed at identifying risk factors for these cancers. Results have been emerging from these studies, with the consistent finding that obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease are important risk factors for these cancers. Analyses of dietary factors are also available and indicate that diets high in total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of these cancers, whereas …
Are Differences In Exposure To A Multicomponent School-Based Intervention Associated With Varying Dietary Outcomes In Adolescents?, Amanda S. Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle, Mary Story, Cheryl L. Perry, David M. Murray
Are Differences In Exposure To A Multicomponent School-Based Intervention Associated With Varying Dietary Outcomes In Adolescents?, Amanda S. Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle, Mary Story, Cheryl L. Perry, David M. Murray
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Multicomponent interventions are recommended for health behavior change among adolescents. However, it is difficult to disentangle the effects of multiple intervention components. This article reports outcomes associated with varying levels of exposure to a school-based nutrition intervention, Teens Eating for Energy and Nutrition at School (TEENS). Four incremental exposureswere possible: (1) control group, (2) school environment interventions only, (3) classroom plus environment interventions, and (4) peer leaders plus classroom plus environment interventions. Patterns suggesting dose response were observed, with peer leaders reporting the largest increases in fruit, vegetable, and lower fat food consumption. Students exposed to classroom plus environment interventions …
Perceptions Of The Family Mealtime Environment And Adolescent Mealtime Behavior: Do Adults And Adolescents Agree?, Kerri N. Boutelle, Leslie A. Lytle, David M. Murray, Amanda Birnbaum, Mary Story
Perceptions Of The Family Mealtime Environment And Adolescent Mealtime Behavior: Do Adults And Adolescents Agree?, Kerri N. Boutelle, Leslie A. Lytle, David M. Murray, Amanda Birnbaum, Mary Story
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
The family mealtime environment has great potential to affect the eating behaviors of youth in the family. It is difficult to determine the important elements of a healthy mealtime environment because a valid assessment of the family environment is so difficult to obtain. The objective of this study is to examine the level of agreement between adult and adolescent perceptions of the family mealtime environment and adolescent mealtime behavior. A telephone survey was used to query adult and adolescent family members about how they perceive the family mealtime environment and the adolescent's mealtime behavior. A convenience sample of 282 adult/adolescent …
Race, Gender, And Partnership In The Patient-Physician Relationship, Lisa Cooper-Patrick, Joseph J. Gallo, Junius Gonzales, Hong Thi Vu, Neil R. Powe, Christine Nelson, Daniel E. Ford
Race, Gender, And Partnership In The Patient-Physician Relationship, Lisa Cooper-Patrick, Joseph J. Gallo, Junius Gonzales, Hong Thi Vu, Neil R. Powe, Christine Nelson, Daniel E. Ford
Publications from Provost Junius J. Gonzales
Context Many studies have documented race and gender differences in health care received by patients. However, few studies have related differences in the quality of interpersonal care to patient and physician race and gender.
Objective To describe how the race/ethnicity and gender of patients and physicians are associated with physicians' participatory decision-making (PDM) styles.
Design, Setting, and Participants Telephone survey conducted between November 1996 and June 1998 of 1816 adults aged 18 to 65 years (mean age, 41 years) who had recently attended 1 of 32 primary care practices associated with a large mixed-model managed care organization in an urban …
Condom Availability In New York City Public High Schools: Relationships To Condom Use And Sexual Behavior, Sally Guttmacher, Lisa D. Lieberman, David Ward, Nick Freudenberg, Alice Radosh, Don Des Jarlais
Condom Availability In New York City Public High Schools: Relationships To Condom Use And Sexual Behavior, Sally Guttmacher, Lisa D. Lieberman, David Ward, Nick Freudenberg, Alice Radosh, Don Des Jarlais
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
OBJECTIVES: This study examines the impact of the condom availability program in New York City public high schools by comparing rates of sexual activity and condom use for New York students and similar students in Chicago. METHODS: A total of 7119 students from 12 randomly selected New York schools and 5738 students from 10 Chicago schools participated in a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: New York students, compared with Chicago students, reported equal rates of sexual activity but higher rates of condom use at last intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36). For higher-risk students (those with three or more sexual partners in …
Condom Availability In New York City Public High Schools: Relationships To Condom Use And Sexual Behavior., Sally Guttmacher, Lisa D. Lieberman, David Ward, Nick Freudenberg, Alice Radosh, Don Des Jarlais
Condom Availability In New York City Public High Schools: Relationships To Condom Use And Sexual Behavior., Sally Guttmacher, Lisa D. Lieberman, David Ward, Nick Freudenberg, Alice Radosh, Don Des Jarlais
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
OBJECTIVES: This study examines the impact of the condom availability program in New York City public high schools by comparing rates of sexual activity and condom use for New York students and similar students in Chicago.
METHODS: A total of 7119 students from 12 randomly selected New York schools and 5738 students from 10 Chicago schools participated in a cross-sectional survey.
RESULTS: New York students, compared with Chicago students, reported equal rates of sexual activity but higher rates of condom use at last intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36). For higher-risk students (those with three or more sexual partners in …
Functioning And Well-Being Of Patients In A Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Clinic, Steven A. Epstein, Junius Gonzales, Patricia Stockton, David M. Goldstein, Bonnie L. Green
Functioning And Well-Being Of Patients In A Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Clinic, Steven A. Epstein, Junius Gonzales, Patricia Stockton, David M. Goldstein, Bonnie L. Green
Publications from Provost Junius J. Gonzales
Outpatient consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry clinics are valuable settings for research and teaching endeavors. However, little is known about psychiatric symptoms and health status of persons treated in such settings. In this study, 80 persons seen in an outpatient C-L psychiatry clinic were compared with 100 persons seen in a mood disorder clinic on a variety of self-report instruments. Outpatient C-L clinic patients were found to have significantly poorer health status than mood clinic patients on the following domains as measured by the RAND instrument: general health perception, pain, physical functioning, and role functioning due to physical problems. Both groups had …
Mental Disorders In Primary Care Services: An Update, Junius Gonzales, Kathryn M. Magruder, Samuel J. Keith
Mental Disorders In Primary Care Services: An Update, Junius Gonzales, Kathryn M. Magruder, Samuel J. Keith
Publications from Provost Junius J. Gonzales
Frank mental disorders, such as depression and panic disorder, are prevalent in primary care; they cause people substantial suffering and interfere with daily functioning. Even subthreshold or "subsyndromal" conditions, with fewer symptoms than necessary for making a diagnosis, cause substantial morbidity. Recent literature on mental disorders in primary care, where many, if not most, people with mental health problems are seen, is reviewed with focus on recognition and diagnosis issues, management of these problems in primary care, obstacles to accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, and prevention issues. In addition to a review of recent research, there is an effort to …