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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Morgue The Merrier? Covid19-Related Threat, Existential Isolation, & Well Being, Lauren P. Sedivy
The Morgue The Merrier? Covid19-Related Threat, Existential Isolation, & Well Being, Lauren P. Sedivy
ETD Archive
Prior research suggests that COVID-19 perceived threat and existential isolation (EI) would be associated with an individual’s subjective health, levels of anxiety, and feelings of hope relating specifically to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was unclear whether such concerns might be unique predictors (no interaction, two cumulative main effects) or interact (one effect modifies the other). To learn more about the possible combined effects, I analyzed data gathered via MTurk, during an 11-week period at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-June 2020). Method: This study (N = 2,673) measured perceived COVID19-related threat, EI, anxiety, subjective health, and hope. Results: …
Insane: James Holmes, Clark V. Arizona, And America's Insanity Defense, Eric Collins
Insane: James Holmes, Clark V. Arizona, And America's Insanity Defense, Eric Collins
Journal of Law and Health
Insanity is a legal term of art that changes definitions depending on the legal standard in American jurisprudence, which explains why a man who mental health professionals described as having an uncontrollable obsession with killing people can be found not insane and guilty. This Note addresses the current state of the Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 and its widespread implementation at the state level. Part II supplies background information on the history of the insanity defense and how it has transformed over the years in American jurisprudence. Part III provides an analysis of the of the insanity defense. Part …
Investigating The Electrophysiology Of Long-Term Priming In Spoken Word Recognition, Erin K. Bell
Investigating The Electrophysiology Of Long-Term Priming In Spoken Word Recognition, Erin K. Bell
ETD Archive
When participants are listening to the same words spoken by different talkers, two types of priming are possible: repetition priming and talker-specific priming. Repetition priming refers to the exposure of a stimulus improving responses to a subsequent exposure. Talker-specific priming refers to the exposure of words spoken by same talkers improving responses relative to those same words spoken by different talkers. There are conflicting theories regarding whether talker-specific priming should be observed. Abstract representational theories suggest that episodic details (e.g., talker identity) are not stored in the mental lexicon, while episodic theories of the lexicon posit that lexical representations include …
The Impact Of Traumatic Symptomology And Social Support On The Effective Management Of Death Anxiety, Emily Pauline Courtney
The Impact Of Traumatic Symptomology And Social Support On The Effective Management Of Death Anxiety, Emily Pauline Courtney
ETD Archive
Terror management theory (TMT) posits that people function effectively in the world, in part, by relying on social anxiety-buffer systems to protect against death awareness; however, a new extension called anxiety buffer disruption theory (ABDT), posits that traumatic experiences can overwhelm those buffers, leaving people vulnerable to death anxiety and at increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. To test these hypotheses, participants with low and high posttraumatic stress symptoms were identified and recruited using a general population pre-screen, prompted to engage in a relationship threat priming task (vs. control topic), and then asked to complete a standard measure …
Normative Data For The Poreh Naming Test, Grace Ozinga
Normative Data For The Poreh Naming Test, Grace Ozinga
ETD Archive
The present study describes the development of a novel confrontational naming test for the assessment of word finding and language abilities, and also serves as a tool for the assessment of effort. The test is comprised of two portions. The first portion consists of 40 colored drawings of day to day objects and is aimed at assessing verbal abilities, particularly word finding deficits. The second portion also involves the presentation of 40 colored drawings, each drawing comprised of the original object that was previously presented and two distractors, objects that were not previously presented. The present study aims to evaluate …
An Examination Of The Relationships Between Attributional Style, Reappraisal, And Depression Risk In Arab Americans, Khadeja Najjar
An Examination Of The Relationships Between Attributional Style, Reappraisal, And Depression Risk In Arab Americans, Khadeja Najjar
ETD Archive
While depression is a cross-cultural phenomenon, much of the literature that examines risk factors and mechanisms for its occurrence is examined from a Western perspective. As cultural background and level of acculturation to the host culture is known to shape the expression of depressive disorders, as well as their risk factors, this study examined whether cultural factors influence the relationship between two cognitive emotion regulation processes and depression symptoms. Specifically, this study examined whether the relationship between internal, stable, and global causal attributions for negative events (negative attributional style) and depression is mediated by one’s tendency to reframe the meaning …
The Usefulness Of The Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test For The Assessment Of Response Bias, Marina Barboza
The Usefulness Of The Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test For The Assessment Of Response Bias, Marina Barboza
ETD Archive
In the field of neuropsychology, there is a need for reliable measures that assess for both memory and effort (response bias). A sample of college students were instructed to feign memory deficits. They were administered two well established measures of response bias, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and the Reliable Digits Span (RDS), as well as the Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test (PNMT). The study shows that all of the three measures were able to identify students who were coached to demonstrate memory deficits. A more detailed analysis showed that the TOMM and the PNMT produced higher sensitivity and specificity …
A Study Inquiry Of The Impact Of The Mother-Daughter Relationship With Teen Pregnancy, Klarissa Zeno
A Study Inquiry Of The Impact Of The Mother-Daughter Relationship With Teen Pregnancy, Klarissa Zeno
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
The relationship a teenage girl and her mother hold is vital in the outcome and the decisions the teen makes. This relationship is influenced by many different things including communication patterns the mother and teen have. The aim of this study is to look at the way the two communicate throughout the teen years of the daughter to see if there is an association with whether or not the teen becomes pregnant. Teen pregnancy has been an obstacle many girls have had to face during their adolescent years. This is due to the numerous teenagers that are sexually active during …
Perception Of Time And Post-Surgery Physical Rehabilitation, Karmen Love
Perception Of Time And Post-Surgery Physical Rehabilitation, Karmen Love
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Physical rehabilitation is an important part of a patient’s recovery after surgery. Physical therapists are crucial to the success of that patient’s healing process. Physical rehabilitation can determine how quickly the patient’s healing progresses. It is difficult to determine how long a person will be in rehab and every patient has different expectations of how long their recovery will take. In this study, I explored how a patient’s perception of time affects the estimated versus actual recovery time post-surgery. The participants were patients admitted to the inpatient rehab at Mercy Regional Medical Center in Lorain, Ohio. Each patient was assessed …
Programming To Transition Psychological Experiments From Superlab To Matlab, Mudra R. Savaliya
Programming To Transition Psychological Experiments From Superlab To Matlab, Mudra R. Savaliya
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
For the past six years, our laboratory has conducted experiments programmed in Superlab, a software package designed exclusively for psychological experiments. Although Superlab has some attractive features, it also has some severe limitations. For example, Superlab cannot read files, meaning that for an experiment in which each participant has a unique stimulus list, a unique program has to be assembled for each participant. For an experiment in which each participant has a unique order of conditions, a unique program with the conditions in that order has to be assembled for each participant. Preparing numerous unique programs provides numerous opportunities for …
Perspectives On Adolescent Drug Use: Interviews With Community Providers, Noelle Naser
Perspectives On Adolescent Drug Use: Interviews With Community Providers, Noelle Naser
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
With a striking rise in drug related deaths over the past few years, researchers have looked towards improving prevention methods as a way to not only react to substance abuse with treatment, but learn to better prevent individuals from following these risk taking behaviors. Adolescents specifically are prone to risk taking behaviors such as substance use as they navigate through the challenges of adolescence and transitioning into their identities. Therefore, research in understanding how and why youth decide to get involved in substances is important for creating stronger prevention. Using qualitative data obtained from semi-structured interviews with community providers (N=4), …
The Impact Of Adjacent-Letter Flanking Bigrams On Lexical Decision Performance, Gina M. Cascone, Deion L. Colbert
The Impact Of Adjacent-Letter Flanking Bigrams On Lexical Decision Performance, Gina M. Cascone, Deion L. Colbert
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Some models of word identification hypothesize that the word recognition system includes units responsive to bigrams (letter pairs). Grainger, Mathot, and Vitu (2014) and Palinski (2016) found that target-flanking bigrams consisting of letters adjacent in targets (e.g., OG FROG FR) affect decisions about whether letter strings are words: Bigram-letter order, but not proximity of bigram letters to their locations in the targets, affected performance. (Average performance was better with FR FROG OG and OG FROG FR than with RF FROG GO and GO FROG RF, but no different with FR FROG OG and RF FROG GO than with OG FROG …
Learning To Do In Vivo Neural Responses In Mice, Timothy Mogan, Justin Wobser, Riley Raulhammer, Tyler Erker
Learning To Do In Vivo Neural Responses In Mice, Timothy Mogan, Justin Wobser, Riley Raulhammer, Tyler Erker
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Timothy Mogan, Tyler Erker, Riley Faulhammer and Justin Wobser were the target students for this stereotaxic neurosurgery and electrophysiology lab experience. They are Pre-Nursing, Pre-Neuroscience (Pyschology) or Pre-Med majors. This richly educational and hands-on investigation significantly enhanced their confidence and experience in RODENT HANDLING, ANESTHESIA, ELECTROPHSYIOLOGY, PERFUSION, BRAIN REMOVAL and GENERAL LAB SKILLS. An animal use protocol was created for the project under the guidance of the Mentors and the students followed it competently. Students completed CITI online animal research training and animal handling training was provided by Lou Turchyn, DVM. Animals for the research were generously donated by Dr. …
Reading Between The Bigrams, Gina M. Cascone, Deion L. Colbert
Reading Between The Bigrams, Gina M. Cascone, Deion L. Colbert
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
In lexical decision experiments in which target strings were flanked by pairs of bigrams, Grainger, Mathot, and Vitu (2014) and Palinski (2016) found, for words, better performance when flanking bigrams contained target-string letters (e.g., FR FROG OG; OG FROG FR; RF FROG GO; GO FROG RF) than when they did not (e.g., EX FROG IT); better performance when flanking bigrams contained letters ordered as in the target (e.g., FR FROG OG; OG FROG FR) than switched (e.g., RF FROG GO; GO FROG RF); and no effect on performance of proximity of flanking letters to their locations in the targets. We …
The Trial Lawyer And The Reptilian Brain: A Critique, Louis J. Sirico, Jr.
The Trial Lawyer And The Reptilian Brain: A Critique, Louis J. Sirico, Jr.
Cleveland State Law Review
This Article brings together neuroscience, cultural symbolism, and the strategies of practicing lawyers to critique the reptile strategy, now popular among trial lawyers. The strategy directs the lawyer to trigger the reptilian brains of jurors so that they react instinctively to threats to themselves and their communities. When humans feel threatened, the reptilian brain, the most primitive part of the brain, takes charge and instinctively controls human conduct. Therefore, if a lawyer can make a juror feel threatened, the lawyer makes an appeal to the juror’s reptilian brain and virtually assures a victory. Thus, a lawyer’s argument should intensify the …
P1: Adjacent-Letter Flanking Bigrams Affect Lexical Decision Performance, Nicole M. Russo, Lea G. Araya
P1: Adjacent-Letter Flanking Bigrams Affect Lexical Decision Performance, Nicole M. Russo, Lea G. Araya
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
In a lexical decision task in which target strings were flanked by pairs of bigrams, Grainger, Mathot, and Vitu (Acta Psychologica, 2014) found, for words, better performance when flanking bigrams contained target-string letters (e.g., BI BIRD RD; RD BIRD BI; IB BIRD DR; DR BIRD IB) than when they did not (e.g., CE BIRD NT); better performance when flanking bigrams contained letters ordered as in the target (e.g., BI BIRD RD; RD BIRD BI) than switched (e.g., IB BIRD DR; DR BIRD IB); and that only letter order within bigrams—not bigram order relative to the respective target—affected performance. Palinski (CSU …
Title Examination Of Somatic Symptomatology Using The Cleveland Adaptive Personality Inventory And The Dimensional Somatic Questionnaire, Elizabeth Kisela
Title Examination Of Somatic Symptomatology Using The Cleveland Adaptive Personality Inventory And The Dimensional Somatic Questionnaire, Elizabeth Kisela
ETD Archive
This study was designed to assess the reliability and validity of the Cleveland Adaptive Personality Inventory (CAPI) and the Dimensional Somatic Questionnaire (DSQ) on the chronic pain population, depression population, and healthy control population. A total of 178 chronic pain participants, 208 depression participants, and 220 healthy control participants were collected, though not all were used for analysis due to missing data. Each participant was administered an online version of the CAPI with the Dimensional Somatic Questionnaire. Both questionnaires were significantly shortened during or prior to analysis. The questionnaires were shortened to make them more practical for use in the …
He Repercussions Of Childhood Trauma On Posttraumatic Stress: The Mediating Effects Of Dissociation And Emotion Dysregulation, Jessica A. Ward
He Repercussions Of Childhood Trauma On Posttraumatic Stress: The Mediating Effects Of Dissociation And Emotion Dysregulation, Jessica A. Ward
ETD Archive
The present study explored the mediating effects of dissociation and emotion dysregulation on the relationship between different types of childhood trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Participants were 181 undergraduate students at Cleveland State University, who competed measures of childhood trauma (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and general trauma), posttraumatic stress symptoms, dissociation, and emotion dysregulation. Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to examine the model proposed in this study. The results of this study revealed that all trauma types significantly predicted adulthood posttraumatic stress. The relationship between emotional abuse and posttraumatic stress was mediated through both dissociation and emotion …
How The Illness Experience Predicts Key Psychosocial Outcomes In Veterans With Brain Injury, Carmen M. Tyler
How The Illness Experience Predicts Key Psychosocial Outcomes In Veterans With Brain Injury, Carmen M. Tyler
ETD Archive
The object of this thesis was to examine the illness experience of veterans who have suffered either a stroke or traumatic brain injury. Predictors of key psychosocial outcomes were identified by looking at the illness experience through the veterans’ perspective via self-report measures. Results confirmed relationships between the stressors role captivity, low self-esteem, decreased socialization, and dyad relationship strain and the outcome of depression and between the stressors physical strain and emotional strain and the outcome social/recreational participation for this population. More importantly, role captivity, social/recreational strain, and self-esteem uniquely predicted depression, and both physical and emotional strain uniquely predicted …
Construct Validity For The Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test On Participants With Right, Left, And Bilateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Sarah E. Tolfo
Construct Validity For The Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test On Participants With Right, Left, And Bilateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Sarah E. Tolfo
ETD Archive
The present study examined the construct validity of a novel nonverbal memory measure, the Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test (PNMT), using a heterogeneous sample of patients with epilepsy. Results from this study shows that the PNMT differentially correlated with existing memory measures. Namely, the PNMT delay scores significantly correlated with ROCF delay scores, and RAVLT delay and ROCF delay scores were significantly correlated with each other. However, the PNMT did not significantly correlate with RAVLT, which was hypothesized. PNMT and RAVLT learning trials produced logarithmic learning curves that indicate both are good measures of learning. When controlling for gender, education, and …
Decline Of Nonverbal Executive Functions Across The Lifespan – Distinguishing Between Outcome And Process, Anna Krivenko
Decline Of Nonverbal Executive Functions Across The Lifespan – Distinguishing Between Outcome And Process, Anna Krivenko
ETD Archive
Numerous studies have attempted to validate nonverbal fluency tests but none have examined construct validity, particularly the correlation of measures and self-reported executive functioning deficits. The current study examined this issue by correlating the results of the Five-Point Test (5PT) and the Delis Kaplan Executive Functioning System (D-KEFS) Design Fluency Test with the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale – Short Form (BDEFS-SF) in 306 English speaking adults. Participants were volunteers from undergraduate classes and those serving jury duty in a large urban city. The mean age was 36.89 ± 18.08 with an average of 14.65 ± 2.85 years of …
Testing The Impact Of Post-Traumatic Stress On Existential Motivation For Ideological Close- And Open-Mindedness, Lauren M. Kahle
Testing The Impact Of Post-Traumatic Stress On Existential Motivation For Ideological Close- And Open-Mindedness, Lauren M. Kahle
ETD Archive
The present thesis builds on terror management theory and anxiety buffer disruption theory to propose that although existential motivation normally leads people to become more certain of their worldviews, traumatic experiences can disrupt those belief systems and cause people to respond to death-awareness by making an open-minded search for alternative belief systems instead. To test that hypothesis, groups of participants with low and high levels of traumatic stress were reminded of death (vs. a control topic condition), followed by an assessment of closed- and open-mindedness. Thus, the present research explored the previously untested hypothesis that increased awareness of mortality will …
Developmental Disabilities And Family Dynamics, Meghan Murray
Developmental Disabilities And Family Dynamics, Meghan Murray
ETD Archive
Typically developing (TD) siblings of children with an Intellectual or Developmental Disability (IDD) are among those most influenced by their sibling’s diagnosis. Factors such as increased family stress, lack of family communication, and negative sibling perception can play a role in leading to internalizing and externalizing problems from the TD child. A limit to the existing sibling relationship literature is that the relationships in families with a child with IDD have only been collected via self-report measures through which respondents have been found to fake their responses to avoid being perceived in certain ways. Conversely, implicit measures, such as the …
The Utilization Of Eyetracking To Understand Attention Switching In Socially Anxious And Depressed Individuals, Allison E. Griesmer
The Utilization Of Eyetracking To Understand Attention Switching In Socially Anxious And Depressed Individuals, Allison E. Griesmer
ETD Archive
Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have demonstrated differences in attention bias processing, leading to a differential processing of the world around them. As such, there is a pressing need to further understand these hypothesized attentional biases to lend to improved therapeutic deliveries. The present study utilized a novel eye-tracking paradigm to understand attentional biases in individuals with disorder-specific symptomology of SAD and MDD. A sample of 103 undergraduates completed measures of social anxiety, depression and a novel eye-tracking paradigm. Results showed that a combination of elevated SAD and MDD symptoms lends to a slower …
Testing Emotion Regulation And Parasympathetic Nervous System Deficits As A Mechanism For The Transmission Of Borderline Personality Disorder, Julia R. Richmond
Testing Emotion Regulation And Parasympathetic Nervous System Deficits As A Mechanism For The Transmission Of Borderline Personality Disorder, Julia R. Richmond
ETD Archive
The present study explored the role of parental physiological state and parental emotion regulation (ER) deficits on the relationship between parent borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms and child BPD symptoms. Participants were 110 adolescents aged 11-13 years and their legal guardians who completed measures of BPD symptom severity and emotion dysregulation before engaging in an interpersonal conflict discussion task while being monitored for peripheral psychophysiological signals (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA). Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to examine the model proposed in this study. The results revealed that parent BPD symptoms predicted lower parent baseline RSA at trend level, but …
Change Detection Of Emotional Information Across The Adult Lifespan, Maria J. Donaldson-Misener
Change Detection Of Emotional Information Across The Adult Lifespan, Maria J. Donaldson-Misener
ETD Archive
Visual change detection ability is necessary for successful interaction with the environment, yet few studies have been conducted on change detection with older adults, and whether their use of top-down and bottom-up processing differs from younger adults, especially with emotional processing. Emotions can be motivating and guide the scope of attention using top-down processing and can capture attention in an automatic, bottom-up fashion. Theories of socioemotional aging suggest that younger and older adults may be differentially motivated to process positive and/or negative aspects of the environment, and these tendencies may have implications for age-related trajectories in well-being. Change detection efficacy …
Identity And Career Experiences Of Muslim Immigrant Women: The United States Context, Basak Kacar Khamush
Identity And Career Experiences Of Muslim Immigrant Women: The United States Context, Basak Kacar Khamush
ETD Archive
Muslim women's sense of self is at stake due to prevailing stigma and oppression toward Muslims. Employment and workplace have emerged as primary settings for encounters of negative bias, prejudice, and discrimination. Muslim immigrant women face multiple disadvantages on the basis of their various intersecting identities. The purpose of this study was to explore identity and career experiences of first generation immigrant Muslim women in American society, particularly in work and career settings. Informed by relational approaches to career development and social identity perspective, and grounded on the constructivist paradigm, a phenomenological qualitative analysis using consensual qualitative research (CQR) was …
Gender Role Prescriptions And Apologies, Molly Fuller
Gender Role Prescriptions And Apologies, Molly Fuller
ETD Archive
Malpractice litigations in the medical field are common occurrences. In fact, across specialties, 7.4% of physicians annually have a malpractice claim. Malpractice risk exists for all physicians regardless of their medical training, gender, specialization, or severity of damage caused to patients. Data from nearly 20 years of research revealed that male physicians face malpractice claims at a significantly higher rate than female physicians, but that female physicians pay more in malpractice settlements than their male counterparts. To date, we have found no research that investigates why this gender discrepancy among malpractice settlements occurs. This study examines Social Role Theory and …
P2: Differential Effects Of Adjacent-Letter And Open Flanking Bigrams On Lexical Decision Performance, Lea G. Araya, Nicole M. Russo
P2: Differential Effects Of Adjacent-Letter And Open Flanking Bigrams On Lexical Decision Performance, Lea G. Araya, Nicole M. Russo
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Some models of word identification hypotheses units responsive to bigrams—letter pairs—that may not be adjacent in a letter-string stimulus. Grainger, Mathot, and Vitu (2014) and Palinski (2016) found, for words, responding was more efficient when flanking bigrams contained target-string letters than when they did not. They also found that responding was more efficient when flanking bigrams contained letters ordered as in the target than switched but whether flanking bigrams were ordered as in the target did not affect performance. Palinski (2016) replicated the results of Grainger et al. (2014) and conducted a second experiment that included four additional conditions in …
Healer, Witness, Or Double Agent? Reexamining The Ethics Of Forensic Psychiatry, Matthew U. Scherer
Healer, Witness, Or Double Agent? Reexamining The Ethics Of Forensic Psychiatry, Matthew U. Scherer
Journal of Law and Health
In recent years, psychiatrists have become ever more prevalent in American courtrooms. Consequently, the issue of when the usual rules of medical ethics should apply to forensic psychiatric encounters has taken on increased importance and is a continuing topic of discussion among both legal and medical scholars. A number of approaches to the problem of forensic psychiatric ethics have been proposed, but none adequately addresses the issues that arise when a forensic encounter develops therapeutic characteristics. This article looks to the rules governing the lawyer-client relationship as a model for a new approach to forensic psychiatric ethics. This new model …