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Articles 31 - 60 of 69
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Summer 2010 Research Symposium Abstract Book, Trinity College
Summer 2010 Research Symposium Abstract Book, Trinity College
Science Symposia Abstracts
Summer 2010 volume of abstracts for science research projects conducted by Trinity College students.
Hiv And Hepatocellular And Esophageal Carcinomas Related To Consumption Of Mycotoxin-Prone Foods In Sub-Saharan Africa, Jonathan H. Williams, Jessica A. Grubbs, Jerry W. Davis, Jia-Sheng Wang, Pauline E. Jolly, Nii-Ayi Ankrah, William O. Ellis, Evans Afriyie-Gyawu, Natalie M. Johnson, Abraham G. Robinson, Timothy D. Phillips
Hiv And Hepatocellular And Esophageal Carcinomas Related To Consumption Of Mycotoxin-Prone Foods In Sub-Saharan Africa, Jonathan H. Williams, Jessica A. Grubbs, Jerry W. Davis, Jia-Sheng Wang, Pauline E. Jolly, Nii-Ayi Ankrah, William O. Ellis, Evans Afriyie-Gyawu, Natalie M. Johnson, Abraham G. Robinson, Timothy D. Phillips
Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publications
Background: Promotion of the HIV epidemic by aflatoxin is postulated but not yet established. Sub-Saharan populations commonly consume food contaminated by mycotoxins, particularly aflatoxins (predominantly found in peanut, maize, rice, and cassava) and fumonisins, which occur primarily in maize. Aflatoxin promotes hepatocellular cancer, and fumonisin may promote esophageal cancer.
Objectives: This analysis was undertaken to test the hypotheses that consumption of mycotoxin-prone staple foods is 1) related to the incidence of HIV infection in Africa and 2) related to “signature” cancer rates confirming exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins.
Design: World Health Organization data for causes of death and the Food …
Improving Statistical Analysis Of Prospective Clinical Trials In Stem Cell Transplantation. An Inventory Of New Approaches In Survival Analysis, Aurelien Latouche
Improving Statistical Analysis Of Prospective Clinical Trials In Stem Cell Transplantation. An Inventory Of New Approaches In Survival Analysis, Aurelien Latouche
COBRA Preprint Series
The CLINT project is an European Union funded project, run as a specific support action, under the sixth framework programme. It is a 2 year project aimed at supporting the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) to develop its infrastructure for the conduct of trans-European clinical trials in accordance with the EU Clinical Trials Directive, and to facilitate International prospective clinical trials in stem cell transplantation. The initial task is to create an inventory of the existing biostatistical literature on new approaches to survival analyses that are not currently widely utilised. The estimation of survival endpoints is introduced, …
Rapid Multi-Class Multi-Residue Method For The Confirmation Of Chloramphenicol And Eleven Nitroimidazoles In Milk And Honey By Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Mark Cronly, Patrice Behan, Barry Foley, Liam Regan, Sheila Martin, Michael Doyle, Edward Malone
Rapid Multi-Class Multi-Residue Method For The Confirmation Of Chloramphenicol And Eleven Nitroimidazoles In Milk And Honey By Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Mark Cronly, Patrice Behan, Barry Foley, Liam Regan, Sheila Martin, Michael Doyle, Edward Malone
Articles
A confirmatory method has been developed to allow for the analysis of eleven nitroimidazoles and also chloramphenicol in milk and honey samples. These compounds are classified as A6 compounds in annex IV of council regulation 2377/90 and therefore prohibited for the use in animal husbandry. Milk samples are extracted by acetonitrile with addition of NaCl, while honey samples are first dissolved in water before a similar extraction. Honey extracts undergo a hexane wash to remove impurities. Both milk and honey extracts are evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in initial mobile phase. These are then injected onto an LC-MS/MS system and …
Chhs June Enewsletter, Dr. John Bonaguro, Dean, Vashon S. Wells, Editor
Chhs June Enewsletter, Dr. John Bonaguro, Dean, Vashon S. Wells, Editor
College of Health & Human Services Publications
No abstract provided.
Optimizing Radiology Peer Review: A Mathematical Model For Selecting Future Cases Based On Prior Errors, Yun Robert Sheu, Elie Feder, Igor Balsim, Victor F. Levin, Andrew G. Bleicher, Barton F. Branstetter Iv
Optimizing Radiology Peer Review: A Mathematical Model For Selecting Future Cases Based On Prior Errors, Yun Robert Sheu, Elie Feder, Igor Balsim, Victor F. Levin, Andrew G. Bleicher, Barton F. Branstetter Iv
Publications and Research
Introduction: Peer review is an essential process for physicians because it facilitates improved quality of patient care and continuing physician learning and improvement. However, peer review often is not well received by radiologists, who note that it is time intensive, subjective, and lacks demonstrable impact on patient care. Current advances in peer review include the RADPEER system with its standardization of discrepancies and incorporation of the peer review process into the PACS itself. Our purpose was to build on RADPEER and similar systems by using a mathematical model to optimally select the types of cases to be reviewed, for each …
How Anthocyanin Mutants Respond To Stress: The Need To Distinguish Between Stress Tolerance And Maximal Vigour, Eric J. Von Wettberg, Maureen L. Stanton, Justen B. Whittall
How Anthocyanin Mutants Respond To Stress: The Need To Distinguish Between Stress Tolerance And Maximal Vigour, Eric J. Von Wettberg, Maureen L. Stanton, Justen B. Whittall
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications
Background: Anthocyanins are produced by plants in response to diverse stresses. Mutants that block the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (ABP) at various steps can easily be compared across numerous abiotic stresses. Hypothesis: Anthocyanins or their precursors are required for stress tolerance. Thus, ABP loss-of-function mutants should have proportionately lower fitness than wildtype plants under stress, compared with benign conditions. In contrast, a decrease in maximal vigour - the general capacity for growth and fecundity - should be most pronounced under benign conditions that allow luxuriant growth by the most vigorous genotypes. Tests: Determine whether, under stressful conditions, ABP loss-of-function mutants have …
Nonparametric Regression With Missing Outcomes Using Weighted Kernel Estimating Equations, Lu Wang, Andrea Rotnitzky, Xihong Lin
Nonparametric Regression With Missing Outcomes Using Weighted Kernel Estimating Equations, Lu Wang, Andrea Rotnitzky, Xihong Lin
Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series
No abstract provided.
Neuronbank: A Tool For Cataloging Neuronal Circuitry, Paul S. Katz, Robert Calin-Jageman, Akshaye Dhawan, Chad Frederick, Shuman Guo, Rasanjalee Dissanayaka, Naveen Hiremath, Wenjun Ma, Xiuyn Shen, Hsui C. Wang, Hong Yang, Sushil Prasad, Rajshekhar Sunderraman, Ying Zhu
Neuronbank: A Tool For Cataloging Neuronal Circuitry, Paul S. Katz, Robert Calin-Jageman, Akshaye Dhawan, Chad Frederick, Shuman Guo, Rasanjalee Dissanayaka, Naveen Hiremath, Wenjun Ma, Xiuyn Shen, Hsui C. Wang, Hong Yang, Sushil Prasad, Rajshekhar Sunderraman, Ying Zhu
Computer Science Faculty Publications
The basic unit of any nervous system is the neuron. Therefore, understanding the operation of nervous systems ultimately requires an inventory of their constituent neurons and synaptic connectivity, which form neural circuits. The presence of uniquely identifi able neurons or classes of neurons in many invertebrates has facilitated the construction of cellular-level connectivity diagrams that can be generalized across individuals within a species. Homologous neurons can also be recognized across species. Here we describe NeuronBank.org, a web-based tool that we are developing for cataloging, searching, and analyzing neuronal circuitry within and across species. Information from a single species is represented …
2010 Annual Research Symposium Abstract Book, Trinity College
2010 Annual Research Symposium Abstract Book, Trinity College
Science Symposia Abstracts
2010 annual volume of abstracts for science research projects conducted by students at Trinity College.
A Pda Intervention To Sustain Smoking Cessation In Clients With Socioeconomic Vulnerability, Lynne Buchanan, Deepak Khazanchi
A Pda Intervention To Sustain Smoking Cessation In Clients With Socioeconomic Vulnerability, Lynne Buchanan, Deepak Khazanchi
Information Systems and Quantitative Analysis Faculty Publications
This article describes a pilot study to explore use of a personal digital assistant (PDA) to sustain smoking cessation after discharge in clients with socioeconomic vulnerability. The major aim is to describe technology acceptance (perceived ease of use, usefulness, and attitude), portability, technical difficulty, satisfaction, and use time. The sample includes 31 medical surgical clients with average age of 47.35 (±13.3), average household income of $13,629 (±8,204), average number in the household of 2.67 (±2.22), and average education of 11th grade. The results demonstrate mean use time of 9.28 (±3.23) hr, or about 1 hr over 8 weeks. Technology acceptance …
Volume 03, Cheryl Peck, Charles Hoever, Longwood Theater Department, Brittany Anderson, J. Ervin Sheldon, Richard Hayden, Yuri Calustro, Candice Fleming, Rebecca Franklin, Ashley Yocum, Danielle M. Jagoda, Cristina M. Valdivieso, Jameka Jones, Amy Ellis, Ashley Maser, Erikk Shupp, Jamie Yurasits, Joshua Davis, Alexander Leonhart, Kenny Wolfe, Sally Meadows, J. Haley, Amy Jackson, Morgan Howard, Adrienne Heinbaugh, Melissa Dorton, Ciarra Stalker
Volume 03, Cheryl Peck, Charles Hoever, Longwood Theater Department, Brittany Anderson, J. Ervin Sheldon, Richard Hayden, Yuri Calustro, Candice Fleming, Rebecca Franklin, Ashley Yocum, Danielle M. Jagoda, Cristina M. Valdivieso, Jameka Jones, Amy Ellis, Ashley Maser, Erikk Shupp, Jamie Yurasits, Joshua Davis, Alexander Leonhart, Kenny Wolfe, Sally Meadows, J. Haley, Amy Jackson, Morgan Howard, Adrienne Heinbaugh, Melissa Dorton, Ciarra Stalker
Incite: The Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship
Introduction from Dean Dr. Charles Ross
Little Shop of Horrors by Longwood Theater Department
Who Has the Hottest Hotsauce in Farmville: A Quantitative Comparison of Sauces from Local Restaurants by Cheryl Peck and Charles Hoever
Precipitation Effects on the Growth of White Oaks and Virginia Pines on the Mt. Vernon Plantation by Brittany Anderson
Design and Synthesis of Novel Ion Binding Molecules for Self-Assembly and Sensing Applications by J. Ervin Sheldon
A Statistical Analysis of Algorithms for Playing SameGame by Richard Hayden
Intersecting Cylinders at Arbitrary Angles by Yuri Calustro
Putting a Foot in the Revolving Door: Strategies for Reducing …
4 Part Research Project: Cholecystokinin, Marcie Tasker
4 Part Research Project: Cholecystokinin, Marcie Tasker
Academic Symposium of Undergraduate Scholarship
This 4 part research paper contains information on the biological molecule Cholecystokinin. The following research discusses and presents evidence of the name, history and structure of the hormone. It also discusses the different chemical reactions Cholecystokinin has in the body, the biological roles of Cholecystokinin and the importance of Cholecystokinin focusing specifically on the unexplained obesity issue of our world.
Medially: A Provenance-Aware Remote Health Monitoring Middleware, Atanu Roy Chowdhury, Ben Falchuk, Archan Misra
Medially: A Provenance-Aware Remote Health Monitoring Middleware, Atanu Roy Chowdhury, Ben Falchuk, Archan Misra
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
This paper presents MediAlly, a middleware for supporting energy-efficient, long-term remote health monitoring. Data is collected using physiological sensors and transported back to the middleware using a smart phone. The key to MediAlly's energy efficient operations lies in the adoption of an Activity Triggered Deep Monitoring (ATDM) paradigm, where data collection episodes are triggered only when the subject is determined to possess a specified context. MediAlly supports the on-demand collection of contextual provenance using a novel low-overhead provenance collection sub-system. The behaviour of this sub-system is configured using an application-defined context composition graph. The resulting provenance stream provides valuable insight …
40th Annual Wku Student Research Conference, Student Research Council, Western Kentucky University
40th Annual Wku Student Research Conference, Student Research Council, Western Kentucky University
Student Research Conference Select Presentations
No abstract provided.
Culturally-Adapted And Audio-Technology Assisted Hiv/Aids Awareness And Education Program In Rural Nigeria: A Cohort Study, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Jose Nilo G. Binongo, Eli S. Rosenberg, Michael Kane, Rick Ifland, Jeffrey L. Lennox, Kirk A. Easley
Culturally-Adapted And Audio-Technology Assisted Hiv/Aids Awareness And Education Program In Rural Nigeria: A Cohort Study, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Jose Nilo G. Binongo, Eli S. Rosenberg, Michael Kane, Rick Ifland, Jeffrey L. Lennox, Kirk A. Easley
Faculty and Research Publications
Background: HIV-awareness programs tailored toward the needs of rural communities are needed. We sought to quantify change in HIV knowledge in three rural Nigerian villages following an integrated culturally adapted and technology assisted educational intervention.
Methods: A prospective 14-week cohort study was designed to compare short-term changes in HIV knowledge between seminar-based education program and a novel program, which capitalized on the rural culture of small-group oral learning and was delivered by portable digital-audio technology.
Results: Participants were mostly Moslem (99%), male (53.5%), with no formal education (55%). Baseline HIV knowledge was low (< 80% correct answers for 9 of the 10 questions). Knowledge gain was higher (p < 0.0001 for 8 of 10 questions) in the integrated culturally adapted and technology-facilitated (n = 511) compared with the seminar-based (n = 474) program.
Conclusions: Baseline HIV-awareness was low. Culturally …
Segmentation Of Thermographic Images Of Hands Using A Genetic Algorithm, Payel Ghosh, Judith Gold, Melanie Mitchell
Segmentation Of Thermographic Images Of Hands Using A Genetic Algorithm, Payel Ghosh, Judith Gold, Melanie Mitchell
Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper presents a new technique for segmenting thermographic images using a genetic algorithm (GA). The individuals of the GA also known as chromosomes consist of a sequence of parameters of a level set function. Each chromosome represents a unique segmenting contour. An initial population of segmenting contours is generated based on the learned variation of the level set parameters from training images. Each segmenting contour (an individual) is evaluated for its fitness based on the texture of the region it encloses. The fittest individuals are allowed to propagate to future generations of the GA run using selection, crossover and …
Domains Of Water Molecules Provide Mechanisms Of Potentization In Homeopathy, George Czerlinski, Tjalling Ypma
Domains Of Water Molecules Provide Mechanisms Of Potentization In Homeopathy, George Czerlinski, Tjalling Ypma
Mathematics Faculty Publications
In homeopathy, high potentization means such high dilution that there is no longer even one molecule of the original active agent per gram of the mixture. Nevertheless such high dilutions apparently remain effective. We develop a possible mechanism for homeopathic potentization to explain this phenomenon. This mechanism consists of three consecutive processes: initiation, multiplication, and amplification. Initiation is the mechano-chemical generation, by strong shaking following each dilution step, of radicals which remain in existence by mutual stabilization in simultaneously formed electronic domains. Multiplication transfers electronic excitation level structures from the original homeopathic agent to these radical-containing domains, stabilizing them further. …
Fractional Anisotropic Diffusion For Noise Reduction In Magnetic Resonance Images, Jonathan Blackledge, Matthew Blackledge
Fractional Anisotropic Diffusion For Noise Reduction In Magnetic Resonance Images, Jonathan Blackledge, Matthew Blackledge
Articles
We extend the method of anisotropic diffusion for noise reduction in digital images to the case when the diffusion processes are non-Gaussian and Levy distributed. This yields a fractional diffusion equation characterised by the Levy index. A solution to this equation is considered and a numerical algorithm developed. The algorithm is then applied as a case study to the problem of reducing noise in magnetic resonance imaging. The focus of this study is on diffusion weighted images which have low signal-to-noise ratios.
Pollution And Public Health In A Shrinking World: Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations As A Paradigm For Emergent Needs In Environmental And Public Health Policy, Leland Stillman
Self-Designed Majors Honors Papers
Environmental factors play a major part in human health. Environmental pollutants are often as poisonous to humans as the environment. Presently, much time and energy is dedicated to keeping pollution apart from human society, with varying success. But as global population densities rise, current levels of pollution will become inviable due to public health concerns. An emergent example of this is in the concentration of livestock operations. Recent changes in the structure of U.S. hog farming have resulted in an industry-wide shift from small or medium production farms to high capacity, “concentrated animal feeding operations” (CAFO). These operations have become …
Scholars Day Program Of Events 2010, Carl Goodson Honors Program
Scholars Day Program Of Events 2010, Carl Goodson Honors Program
Scholars Day
No abstract provided.
A Database Server For Next-Generation Scientific Data Management, Mohamed Eltabakh, Walid G. Aref, Ahmed Elmagarmid
A Database Server For Next-Generation Scientific Data Management, Mohamed Eltabakh, Walid G. Aref, Ahmed Elmagarmid
Cyber Center Publications
The growth of scientific information and the increasing automation of data collection have made databases integral to many scientific disciplines including life sciences, physics, meteorology, earth and atmospheric sciences, and chemistry. These sciences pose new data management challenges to current database system technologies. This dissertation addresses the following three challenges: (1) Annotation Management: Annotations and provenance information are important metadata that go hand-in-hand with scientific data. Annotating scientific data represents a vital mechanism for scientists to share knowledge and build an interactive and collaborative environment. A major challenge is: How to manage large volumes of annotations, especially at various granularities, …
Methods Of Competing Risks Analysis Of End-Stage Renal Disease And Mortality Among People With Diabetes, Hyun J. Lim, Xu Zhang, Roland Dyck, Nathaniel Osgood
Methods Of Competing Risks Analysis Of End-Stage Renal Disease And Mortality Among People With Diabetes, Hyun J. Lim, Xu Zhang, Roland Dyck, Nathaniel Osgood
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Background: When a patient experiences an event other than the one of interest in the study, usually the probability of experiencing the event of interest is altered. By contrast, disease-free survival time analysis by standard methods, such as the Kaplan-Meier method and the standard Cox model, does not distinguish different causes in the presence of competing risks. Alternative approaches use the cumulative incidence estimator by the Cox models on cause-specific and on subdistribution hazards models. We applied cause-specific and subdistribution hazards models to a diabetes dataset with two competing risks (end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death without ESRD) to measure …
Authentication Of Biometric Features Using Texture Coding For Id Cards, Jonathan Blackledge, Eugene Coyle
Authentication Of Biometric Features Using Texture Coding For Id Cards, Jonathan Blackledge, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
The use of image based information exchange has grown rapidly over the years in terms of both e-to-e image storage and transmission and in terms of maintaining paper documents in electronic form. Further, with the dramatic improvements in the quality of COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) printing and scanning devices, the ability to counterfeit electronic and printed documents has become a widespread problem. Consequently, there has been an increasing demand to develop digital watermarking techniques which can be applied to both electronic and printed images (and documents) that can be authenticated, prevent unauthorized copying of their content and, in the case of printed …
Spatio-Temporal Access Methods: Part 2 (2003 - 2010), Long-Van Nguyen-Dinh, Walid G. Aref, Mohamed Mokbel
Spatio-Temporal Access Methods: Part 2 (2003 - 2010), Long-Van Nguyen-Dinh, Walid G. Aref, Mohamed Mokbel
Cyber Center Publications
In spatio-temporal applications, moving objects detect their locations via location-aware devices and update their locations continuously to the server. With the ubiquity and massive numbers of moving objects, many spatio-temporal access methods are developed to process user queries efficiently. Spatio- temporal access methods are classified into four categories: (1) Indexing the past data, (2) Indexing the current data, (3) Indexing the future data, and (4) Indexing data at all points of time. This short survey is Part 2 of our previous work [28]. In Part 2, we give an overview and classification of spatio-temporal access methods that are published between …
Privometer: Privacy Protection In Social Networks, Nilothpal Talukder, Mourad Ouzzani, Ahmed Elmagarmid, Hazem Elmeleegy
Privometer: Privacy Protection In Social Networks, Nilothpal Talukder, Mourad Ouzzani, Ahmed Elmagarmid, Hazem Elmeleegy
Cyber Center Publications
The increasing popularity of social networks, such as Facebook and Orkut, has raised several privacy concerns. Traditional ways of safeguarding privacy of personal information by hiding sensitive attributes are no longer adequate. Research shows that probabilistic classification techniques can effectively infer such private information. The disclosed sensitive information of friends, group affiliations and even participation in activities, such as tagging and commenting, are considered background knowledge in this process. In this paper, we present a privacy protection tool, called Privometer, that measures the amount of sensitive information leakage in a user profile and suggests selfsanitization actions to regulate the amount …
Evaluating And Regulating Lead In Artificial Turf, Gregory Van Ulirsch, Kevin Gleason, Shawn Gerstenberger, Deaphne B. Moffett, Glenn Pulliam, Tariq Ahmed, Jerald Fagliano
Evaluating And Regulating Lead In Artificial Turf, Gregory Van Ulirsch, Kevin Gleason, Shawn Gerstenberger, Deaphne B. Moffett, Glenn Pulliam, Tariq Ahmed, Jerald Fagliano
Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications
Background: In 2007, a synthetic turf recreational field in Newark, New Jersey, was closed because lead was found in synthetic turf fibers and in surface dust at concentrations exceeding hazard criteria. Consequently, public health professionals across the country began testing synthetic turf to determine whether it represented a lead hazard. Currently, no standardized methods exist to test for lead in synthetic turf or to assess lead hazards.
Objectives: Our objectives were to increase awareness of potential lead exposure from synthetic turf by presenting data showing elevated lead in fibers and turf-derived dust; identify risk assessment uncertainties; recommend that federal and/or …
An Optical Machine Vision System For Applications In Cytopathology, Jonathan Blackledge, Dmitry Dubovitskiy
An Optical Machine Vision System For Applications In Cytopathology, Jonathan Blackledge, Dmitry Dubovitskiy
Articles
This paper discusses a new approach to the processes of object detection, recognition and classification in a digital image focusing on problem in Cytopathology. A unique self learning procedure is presented in order to incorporate expert knowledge. The classification method is based on the application of a set of features which includes fractal parameters such as the Lacunarity and Fourier dimension. Thus, the approach includes the characterisation of an object in terms of its fractal properties and texture characteristics. The principal issues associated with object recognition are presented which include the basic model and segmentation algorithms. The self-learning procedure for …
Inadequate Health Numeracy Affects Cancer Screening Practices In Vulnerable Populations, Sherrine Eid Mph, Dorothy Faulkner Phd
Inadequate Health Numeracy Affects Cancer Screening Practices In Vulnerable Populations, Sherrine Eid Mph, Dorothy Faulkner Phd
Administration & Leadership
No abstract provided.
Promiscuous Mating In Feral Pigs (Sus Scrofa) From Texas, Usa, Johanna Delgado-Acevedo, Angeline Zamorano, Randy W. Deyoung, Tyler A. Campbell, David G. Hewitt, David B. Long
Promiscuous Mating In Feral Pigs (Sus Scrofa) From Texas, Usa, Johanna Delgado-Acevedo, Angeline Zamorano, Randy W. Deyoung, Tyler A. Campbell, David G. Hewitt, David B. Long
USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Context. Feral pigs represent a significant threat to agriculture and ecosystems and are disease reservoirs for pathogens affecting humans, livestock and other wildlife. Information on the behavioural ecology of feral pigs might increase the efficiency and effectiveness of management strategies.
Aims. We assessed the frequency of promiscuous mating in relation to oestrous synchrony in feral pigs from southern Texas, USA, an agroecosystem with a widespread and well established population of feral pigs. An association between multiple paternity of single litters and synchrony of oestrous may indicate alternative mating strategies, such as mateguarding.
Methods. We collected gravid sows at …