Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Comparison Of Bacterial Culture With Biofire® Filmarray® Multiplex Pcr Screening Of Archived Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens From Children With Suspected Bacterial Meningitis In Nigeria, S Obaro, F Hassan-Hanga, N Medugu, Rasaq Olaosebikan, G Olanipekun, B Jibir, S Gambo, Theresa Ajose, Carissa Duru, B Ebruke, H D Davies

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis remains a challenge in most developing countries due to low yield from bacterial culture, widespread use of non-prescription antibiotics, and weak microbiology laboratories. The objective of this study was to compare the yield from standard bacterial culture with the multiplex nested PCR platform, the BioFire® FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel (BioFire ME Panel), for cases with suspected acute bacterial meningitis.

METHODS: Following Gram stain and bacterial culture on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from children aged less than 5 years with a clinical suspicion of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) as defined by the WHO guidelines, residual CSF specimens …

A Prospective Cohort Study Of The Clinical Predictors Of Bacteremia In Under-Five Children With Acute Undifferentiated Fever Attending A Secondary Health Facility In Northwestern Nigeria, Taofik Oluwaseun Ogunkunle, Timothy Olanrewaju Adedoyin, Samuel Kolade Ernest, Fatimah Hassan-Hanga, Abdulazeez Imam, Rasaq Olaosebikan, Stephen K Obaro

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Background: Children with acute febrile illness with no localizing signs often receive antibiotics empirically in most resource-poor settings. However, little is known about the burden of bacteremia in this category of patients, and an appraisal is thus warranted. This will guide clinical practice and promote rational antibiotics use.

Methods: We prospectively followed up 140 under-five children who presented with acute undifferentiated fever at the emergency/outpatient pediatric unit of a secondary healthcare facility. Baseline clinical and laboratory information was obtained and documented in a structured questionnaire. We compared baseline characteristics between participants with bacteremia and those without bacteremia. We further fitted …

Seeking Similarities Rather Than Differences With Adults To Aid In Therapeutic Advancement For Children., Mara L. Becker, Walter K. Kraft

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Fatal Case Of Newborn Lassa Fever Virus Infection Mimicking Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis: A Case Report From Northern Nigeria, Taofik Oluwaseun Ogunkunle, Surajudeen Oyeleke Bello, Chinwe Immaculata Anderson, Rashida Musa, Rasaq Olaosebikan, Abdulazeez Imam

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Lassa fever is a zoonotic viral infection endemic to the West Africa countries. It is highly fatal during pregnancy and as such reports of neonatal onset Lassa fever infections are rare in scientific literature. We report a fatal case of Lassa fever in a 26-day-old neonate mimicking the diagnosis of late-onset neonatal sepsis.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient is a 26-day-old neonate who was admitted with a day history of fever, poor feeding, pre-auricular lymphadenopathy and sudden parental death. He was initially evaluated for late onset neonatal sepsis. He later developed abnormal bleeding and multiple convulsions while on admission, prompting …

Quantitative Sensory Testing In Children With Sickle Cell Disease: Additional Insights And Future Possibilities., Robin E. Miller, Dawn S. Brown, Scott W. Keith, Sarah E. Hegarty, Yamaja Setty, Claudia M. Campbell, Suzanne M. Mccahan, Suhita Gayen-Betal, Hal Byck, Marie Stuart

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is used in a variety of pain disorders to characterize pain and predict prognosis and response to specific therapies. In this study, we aimed to confirm results in the literature documenting altered QST thresholds in sickle cell disease (SCD) and assess the test-retest reliability of results over time. Fifty-seven SCD and 60 control subjects aged 8-20 years underwent heat and cold detection and pain threshold testing using a Medoc TSAII. Participants were tested at baseline and 3 months; SCD subjects were additionally tested at 6 months. An important facet of our study was the development and …

Pharmacological And Non-Pharmacological Treatments For The Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (Nas)., A. K. Mangat, G. M. Schmölzer, W. K. Kraft

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Neonatal abstinence syndrome is defined by signs and symptoms of withdrawal that infants develop after intrauterine maternal drug exposure. All infants with documented in utero opioid exposure, or a high pre-test probability of exposure should have monitoring with a standard assessment instrument such as a Finnegan Score. A Finnegan score of >8 is suggestive of opioid exposure, even in the absence of declared use during pregnancy. At least half of infants in most locales can be treated without the use of pharmacologic means. For this reason, symptom scores will drive the decision for pharmacologic therapy. Nevertheless, all infants, regardless of …

Evaluating Comfort Measures For Commonly Performed Painful Procedures In Pediatric Patients., Sana Dastgheyb, Keith Fishlock, Constantine Daskalakis, Jami Kessel, Paul Rosen

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Introduction: Management of pediatric pain from medical procedures is of great importance for improving both patient care and experience. In this study, we investigated methods of managing acute pain in infants and children by studying the correlation between the number of attempts to complete painful procedures, given different comfort measures.

Methods: The study is a retrospective review of 74,276 procedures performed at two pediatric hospitals in an integrated academic children's health system between 2013 and 2016. We compared three comfort measures most frequently offered: positions of comfort (POC), distraction (DIST), and pharmacological (PHARM). These methods were compared in the setting …

Neonatal Safety Information Reported To The Fda During Drug Development Studies., Debbie Avant, Gerri Baer, Jason N. Moore, Panli Zheng, Alfred Sorbello, Ron Ariagno, Lynne Yao, Gilbert J. Burckart, Jian Wang

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Relatively few neonatal drug development studies have been conducted, but an increase is expected with the enactment of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA). Understanding the safety of drugs studied in neonates is complicated by the unique nature of the population and the level of illness. The objective of this study was to examine neonatal safety data submitted to the FDA in studies pursuant to the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) and the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) between 1998 and 2015.

METHODS: FDA databases were searched for BPCA and/or PREA studies that enrolled …