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Articles 121 - 134 of 134
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
An Implantable Mosfet Dosimeter Modified To Act As A Fiducial Marker, Joseph S. Dick
An Implantable Mosfet Dosimeter Modified To Act As A Fiducial Marker, Joseph S. Dick
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
In external beam radiation therapy, it is imperative that the prescribed dose is administered to the correct location and in the correct amount. Though several ex vivo methods of quality assurance are currently employed to achieve this goal, verifying that the correct dose is received within the patient in situ is impossible without the capability of measuring dose inside the patient. Recently, a method of measuring dose delivered within the patient has been developed, an implantable MOSFET dosimeter. This dosimeter is implanted within the patient and records the dose received. Since the dosimeter is implanted in the patient, it could …
Evaluation Of The Quantitative Accuracy Of A Commercially-Available Positron Emission Mammography Scanner, Adam Springer
Evaluation Of The Quantitative Accuracy Of A Commercially-Available Positron Emission Mammography Scanner, Adam Springer
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Objective: The PEM Flex Solo II (Naviscan, Inc., San Diego, CA) is currently the only commercially-available positron emission mammography (PEM) scanner. This scanner does not apply corrections for count rate effects, attenuation or scatter during image reconstruction, potentially affecting the quantitative accuracy of images. This work measures the overall quantitative accuracy of the PEM Flex system, and determines the contributions of error due to count rate effects, attenuation and scatter.
Materials and Methods: Gelatin phantoms were designed to simulate breasts of different sizes (4 – 12 cm thick) with varying uniform background activity concentration (0.007 – 0.5 μCi/cc), cysts and …
Thoracic Target Volume Delineation Using Various Maximum-Intensity Projection Computed Tomography Image Sets For Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy, David A. Zamora
Thoracic Target Volume Delineation Using Various Maximum-Intensity Projection Computed Tomography Image Sets For Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy, David A. Zamora
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
The motion of lung tumors during respiration makes the accurate delivery of radiation therapy to the thorax difficult because it increases the uncertainty of target position. The adoption of four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) has allowed us to determine how a tumor moves with respiration for each individual patient. Using information acquired during a 4D-CT scan, we can define the target, visualize motion, and calculate dose during the planning phase of the radiotherapy process. One image data set that can be created from the 4D-CT acquisition is the maximum-intensity projection (MIP). The MIP can be used as a starting point to …
Development And Validation Of A Measurement Scale To Analyze The Environment For Evidence-Based Medicine Learning And Practice By Medical Residents, Fangqiong Mi
Wayne State University Dissertations
A growing number of residency programs are instituting curricula to include the component of evidence-based medicine (EBM) principles and process. However, these curricula may not be able to achieve the optimal learning outcomes, perhaps because various contextual factors are often overlooked when EBM training is being designed, developed, and implemented. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate an instrument, the EBM Environment Scale, to analyze the environment for EBM learning and practice as perceived by medical residents.
The development of the EBM Environment Scale underwent the process of content domain identification, item generation, review by content experts …
Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Small Molecules In The Discovery Of Novel Antimicrobial Agents, Kimberly D. Grimes
Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Small Molecules In The Discovery Of Novel Antimicrobial Agents, Kimberly D. Grimes
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, pushes us to discover new antibacterial agents to maintain adequate patient coverage. This body of work highlights the use of medicinal chemistry methodologies that encompass cross-disciplinary fields of study. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the antibacterial drug targets, resistance, and how scientists are working to overcome obstacles encountered with drug-resistant bacteria. It also details modern medicinal chemistry applications in antimicrobial drug discovery. Chapter 2 details the use of a structure-guided library approach to drug design, in which large virtual libraries against the target …
A Virtual Model Of The Human Cervical Spine For Physics-Based Simulation And Applications, Hyung Soo Ahn
A Virtual Model Of The Human Cervical Spine For Physics-Based Simulation And Applications, Hyung Soo Ahn
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Utilizing recent advances in computer technology, Our Biomechanics Laboratory have made an effort to integrate computer animation and engineering analysis software into biomedical research, specifically towards simulation and animation of in vitro experimentation of the human cervical spine in the virtual world. The objectives of this study were to develop a virtual model of the human cervical spine for physics-based simulation and to apply the virtual model to studies of different surgical procedures and instrumentation.
A process for creating an accurate virtual model of the human cervical spine was developed. The model consisted of seven vertebrae (C2-T1) connected with soft …
Renal Basolateral Transport Of Glucuronides And Other Organic Anions In Rat In Vitro Models, Sarah L. Miles
Renal Basolateral Transport Of Glucuronides And Other Organic Anions In Rat In Vitro Models, Sarah L. Miles
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Glucuronidation is a common Phase II biotransformation reaction that increases the hydrophilicity, and thus elimination, of toxins, xenobiotics, and endogenous compounds. Previous studies suggest that the kidney can secrete glucuronide conjugates, but the renal transport mechanisms for glucuronide secretion have not been determined. Based on the chemical nature of glucuronide metabolites, it is hypothesized that organic anion transporter (OAT) proteins along the basolateral membrane of the renal proximal tubule promote renal accumulation of glucuronide conjugates. The purpose of this study was to develop a rat renal proximal tubule model which demonstrates OAT activity and by which the contribution of OAT …
Detection Of Forces And Body Load In Standing And Walking In The American Cockroach, J. Adam Noah
Detection Of Forces And Body Load In Standing And Walking In The American Cockroach, J. Adam Noah
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Sense organs in the legs that detect body weight are an important component in the regulation of posture and locomotion. This thesis seeks to gain an understanding of how body weight is detected by sense organs of the legs, and determine how this information influences muscle activities in standing and walking. The first study tested the ability of tibial campaniform sensilla (receptors that monitor forces in the cockroach leg) to encode variations in body load using magnets attached to the thorax. Recordings of sensory activities in freely standing animals showed that proximal tibial sensilla (oriented perpendicular to the leg long …
Analysis Of Aneuploidy During Mouse Spermatogenesis, April D. Pyle
Analysis Of Aneuploidy During Mouse Spermatogenesis, April D. Pyle
Doctoral Dissertations
Successful transition through meiosis is required for production of chromosomally-balanced gametes. When chromosome segregation goes awry during meiosis, aneuploidy can occur. Unfortunately, the mechanisms behind this nondisjunction are not well understood. Therefore, this dissertation has focused on learning more about the causative factors associated with aneuploidy during spermatogenesis. Are there factors that are always associated with leading to production of aneuploid sperm? One of the main goals of this dissertation is to find mouse models to study what factors may be involved in chromosome malsegregation; such as pairing, recombination, and transition through the division phases of meiosis.
The first part …
Aquaporins And Aquaglyceroporins Of Legume Nodules: Structure, Function, And Regulation, James F. Guenther
Aquaporins And Aquaglyceroporins Of Legume Nodules: Structure, Function, And Regulation, James F. Guenther
Doctoral Dissertations
By isolating RNA from mature nodules of the legume Lotus japonicas and employing an RT-PCR approach, two new cDNAs were characterized whose open reading frames code for members of the MIP (Major Intrinsic Protein) family of membrane proteins. These two genes products were termed (Lotus Intrinsic Membrane Protein 1 and 2) LIMP1 and LIMP2. Both LIMP1 and LIMP2 display all the hallmarks of the MIP protein family including, six putative transmembrane domains based on hydropathy plots, and the invariant NPA (asparagine-proline-alanine) signature motifs located symmetrically on two loops, which connect transmembrane helix 3-4 and transmembrane helix 5-6. Based on sequence …
Bordetella Bronchiseptica: A Candidate Mucosal Vaccine Vector, Sreekumari Rajeev
Bordetella Bronchiseptica: A Candidate Mucosal Vaccine Vector, Sreekumari Rajeev
Doctoral Dissertations
Bordetella bronchiseptica colonizes the upper respiratory tract of a wide variety of mammals and is involved in diseases such as kennel cough in dogs, atrophic rhinitis in pigs and upper respiratory tract infections of laboratory animals. Studies were focused on developing a heterologous antigen expression system in B. bronchiseptica and to evaluate the potential of this organism as a candidate mucosal vaccine vector. Since the role of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) in the disease atrophic rhinitis of pigs was well documented, this research was focused in the possibility of developing a refined vaccine to control this disease. …
Screening For Eating Disorders Utilizing The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Roseann M. Woodka
Screening For Eating Disorders Utilizing The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Roseann M. Woodka
Dissertations
Problem
Eating disorders, in the form of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, have been recognized as significant mental-health issues for the last three decades, and the incidence is rising as we approach the new millennium. Currently, many women who come into a mental-health setting due to depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship issues, sexual issues, etc., are also struggling with eating-disordered behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. These behaviors, thoughts, and feelings may remain well hidden from the counselor throughout the course of therapy or until they become severe and more difficult to treat. Because eating disorders are very complex involving psychological, physical, …
The Influence Of Antimicrobial Use On Bacterial Resistance, James T. Griffith
The Influence Of Antimicrobial Use On Bacterial Resistance, James T. Griffith
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Antimicrobial resistance is becoming an increasingly serious problem accompanied by relatively few studies examining the relationship between use and resistance. The present study undertakes a twenty year analysis of antimicrobial production and factors affecting antimicrobial use for a particular microorganism (Stp. faecalis)/antimicrobial agent (Cephalothin) combination. The period is inclusive of the market introduction of the agent and considerate of prescribing practices to the present time. The accumulated data reveal that there is indeed a relationship between total drug availability (medicinal, agricultural) and increased antimicrobial resistance. The data also suggest that national (or global) use changes would likely have a long …
Some Reactions Of Phenothiazine And Certain Benzophenothiazines, John Charles Gilmer
Some Reactions Of Phenothiazine And Certain Benzophenothiazines, John Charles Gilmer
Doctoral Dissertations
Summary
The consideration of the medical importance of phenothiazine derivatives and the known cancer chemotherapeutic value of the nitrogen mustards made the synthesis of some nitrogen mustard derivatives of the phenothiazines of particular interest. In the course of this research the N-{2-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino]ethyl} derivatives of phenothiazine, 7H-benzo[c]phenothiazine, 7H-dibenzo[c, h] phenothiazine, and 14H-dibenzo[a, h] phenothiazine were synthesized for anticancer evaluation. Also submitted to the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center for testing were the N-(2-chloroethyl) monofunctional nitrogen mustard derivatives of the first three phenothiazines mentioned above.