Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Gender Based Violence And Health Effects, Tazeen Saeed Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Gender Based Violence (GBV) violates the basic human right of a person’s physical, sexual and emotional integrity and health ([i]) such that globally, one out of every three women is subject to some form of violence, ranging from verbal and physical abuse to emotional blackmailing and psychological torture eventually leading to futile despair and hopelessness. The ironical perception of gender equality in our society is the root cause of gender based violence, with women being more afflicted by such a form of gender discrimination than men. [i]. Ali TS, Krantz G, Gul R, Asad N, Johansson E, …

Exploration Of Naturopathic Medicine For Pregnant And Laboring Women, Megan Latreille

Honors Projects

Exploration of natural medicine has become increasingly common among individuals. With proper use, natural medicine can help treat many common ailments experienced during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. This paper serves to shed light on naturopathic medicinal techniques for expectant mothers and families, so that they may implement such in their own lives throughout pregnancy, during labor, and after birth. Yoga can be adapted and utilized during antenatal and postpartum periods to help with stress levels, depression, and physical health. Hypnosis, meditation, and hypnobirthing provide similar effects such as decreased stress and increased contentment; promoting a smoother and more effective labor …

Ricketts, Hunter Christian, B. 1997 (Fa 1382), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

FA Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 1382. Project completed by Hunter Ricketts in fall 2019 regarding Mennonite health practices as part of a WKU folk studies class on Field Methods in Ethnography.

Introducing Icm’S President – Author Of Editorial December, 2019, Rafat Jan, Franka Cadee

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Caesarean Section Rates In South Asian Cities: Can Midwifery Help Stem The Rise?, Sulochana Dhakal Rai, Amudha Poobalan, Rafat Jan, Malin Bogren, Juliet Wood, Ganesh Dangal, Pramod Regmi, Edwin Van Teijlingen, Keshar Bahadur Dhakal, Sahib Jan Badar, Farhana Shahid

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) is a life-saving surgical intervention for delivering a baby when complications arisein childbirth. World Health Organization recommends a rate of CS from 10% to 15%. However, CS rates increased steadily in recent decades and have almost doubled from 12.1% in 2000 to 21.1% in 2015. Therefore, this has become a global public health problem. The main purpose of the scoping review article is to give an overview and analysis of the rising CS use in four South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan.
Methods: A scoping review was carried-out using several bibliographic electronic databases (MEDLINE, …

Can Cmws Sustain Quality Services And High Coverage As Private Providers In Chitral? A Three-Year Prospective Qualitative Study, Rafat Jan, Arusa Lakhani, Salma Rattani, Laila Lalji, Kiran Mubeen, Mehtab Q. Jaffer

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background: The maternal and neonatal mortality ratesof Chitral district of Pakistan are among the highest in the country. One of the factors that found to havepositive impact on maternal and newborn health indicators is the availability ofquality skill birth attendance because the majority of the poor women cannot access facility-based maternity care. Therefore, in 2006, the Government of Pakistan (GOP) has initiated a program to train and deploy Community Midwives (CMWs) to support safe pregnancies and births. The Aga Khan Health Service’ Pakistan, initiated the Chitral Child Survival Program (CCSP) in partnership with the National Maternal Neonatal and Child Health …

Does Pre-Pregnancy Bmi Predict Transfer To A Hospital From A Birth Center For Pain Management?, Audrey Fleenor

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

Background:Birth centers are staffed predominantly by midwives and nurses who care for a patient population consisting of low-risk pregnancies. The American Association of Birth Centers requires that the birth center has an agreement with a local hospital to transfer patients if need-be before, during or after delivery in case any complications arise that may result in needing alternative care (Rathbun, 2017). The rate of obesity in the United States has been rising for years. Obesity affects overall health as well as a woman’s pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Overall, an obese individual does not prioritize physical exercise and lacks healthy …

Addressing Barriers To Maternal Healthcare For Marshallese Islanders In Northwest Arkansas: An Internship Experience, Victoria Richardson

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

The Marshallese community is a rapidly growing population in Northwest Arkansas. Approximately 12,000 people migrated from the Marshall Islands and settled in the state of Arkansas due to the signing of the Compact of Free Association (COFA) in 1986. Although the population in Northwest Arkansas is experiencing rapid growth, there are significant health disparities that coincide with it. Due to vast cultural differences, language barriers, low economic status, and political barriers, the Marshallese community suffers from prenatal health inequalities and poor maternal and fetal outcomes, including low birth-weight infants, premature births, and increased infant mortality. During my internship, I provided …

Willow Creek Women's Hospital Internship, Destinee Ross

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

While the use of midwifery is proven to improve outcomes for low-risk mothers and infants, many healthcare providers, nurses, and patients in Northwest Arkansas continue to be skeptical about utilizing midwifery care. During my internship, I worked directly with labor and delivery nurses, physicians, and a midwife at Willow Creek Women’s Hospital and provided high-quality care to women during their birthing process. This hospital focuses entirely on women and infant care and provides gynecological, obstetric, and newborn services. Willow Creek Women’s Hospital is also one of the few hospitals in Arkansas to implement a certified nurse-midwife (CNM) and has two …

Perceptions Of Rural Birthing Practices: A Glimpse Into Maternal And Child Health For Women In Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, Mackenzie Burke

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Over the past two decades birthing practices within India have drastically changed. This change is most visible in the shift from homebirths to hospital births following the implementation of the National Rural Health Mission. This study aims to understand and give voice to women’s perceptions of birthing practices in the rural villages of Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh. A total of ten interviews were conducted with both mothers and healthcare practitioners in the surrounding villages of Kangra District in order to gain a thorough, qualitative understanding of birthing practices in the local communities. The healthcare practitioners’ responses were divided according …

Exploration Of The Experiences And Viewpoints Of Faculty Members On Continuing Education Webinars: A Qualitative Study, Fatemeh Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari, Kobra Abouzari-Gazafroodi, Fatemeh Zaersabet

The Qualitative Report

Continuing education is necessary to improve the professional knowledge and skills of graduates of medical sciences, which may be implemented via e-learning. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences and viewpoints of faculty members participating in continuing education webinars. The participants consisted of 15 faculty members selected purposefully and with maximal variation regarding their sex, age, the field of specialization, academic rank, and work experience. Data were collected through semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews. Data analysis of these transcripts using a qualitative content analysis approach revealed 3 themes and 9 sub-themes. The main themes included “Moving across the boundaries of …

Enhancing Patient Well-Being: Apply Positive Psychology In Nursing Practice, Farida Bibi Mughal

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Objective: Positive psychology is the emerging concept in the medical field and has shown the positive effects on one’s well-being. This paper highlights the application of PERMA model in nursing practice.
Method: The model applied in the clinical area to access improvement in patient’s well-being. The concept of positive psychology’s applicability is discussed with the real life examples.
Result: The PERMA model when applied yields a positive impact on patient’s health and overall well-being.
Conclusion: The learning outcomes of this research will help the people in health care to understand the relationship between positive psychology and nursing practices for the …

The Effectiveness Of Psychotherapy In The Treatment Of Postpartum Depression, Elisa De Feo

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

ABSTRACT

Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death in postpartum women making it a major health priority. Lack of diagnosis, recognition of symptoms, and proactive treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) can lead to devastating effects on the mother and child such as harm or death. The intervention of psychotherapy is recommended as a first line treatment for PPD and is a means by which PPD can be reduced or avoided altogether. This integrative literature review seeks to discover if there is an opportune time in which to initiate psychotherapy interventions in order to reduce or prevent PPD development …

The Role Of Nurses' Knowledge Of Postpartum Complications And Its Effects On Maternal Mortality Rates In The United States: An Integrative Literature Review, Elizabeth Reid

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background:The maternal mortality rate for the United States of America still remains the highest of all developed countries with 20.7 deaths per 100,000 live births with the CDC estimating that 60% of all of the deaths were preventable.

Objectives: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to identify the common causes of maternal mortality and nurses’ knowledge of these issues and how they apply this knowledge to care for and provide discharge education to patients.

Methods: This integrative literature review was conducted with the key words “maternal mortality, maternal morbidity, postpartum, nurse’s education, complications, quality of care, discharge …

Perception Of Nursing Students Regarding Blended Learning Implementation At University Of Lahore, Pakistan, Muhammad Afzal, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Syed Amir Gilani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background and objectives: Blended learning (BL) is positive development in education. This method provoke the learner’s critical thinking and given different ways for implementation of their knowledge in real life. There are several advantages of blended learning to the faculty, students and institutions as well.
Methods: The Cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from nursing students. The study was carried out at Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore, Pakistan. All nursing undergraduates students enrolled at elective practicum blended learning course at Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore, Pakistan academic year 2016-2017 were included in …

Assessing The Impact Of Mentorship On Rwandan Nurses’ And Midwives’ Knowledge And Self-Efficacy In Managing Postpartum Hemorrhage, Marie Grace Sandra Musabwasoni

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Despite recent advances in medical technology and research, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains the top universal cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Factors underlying PPH include the inconsistency in recognition and timely treatment of women experiencing PPH, which suggests the importance of healthcare professionals’ mentorship about PPH. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of mentorship on nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge and self-efficacy in managing PPH. The pre and post study design recruited 141 nurses and midwives working in the labour and delivery department in selected health centers from the North Province of Rwanda. At post-mentorship, 123 nurses …

Knowledge And Practices Among Nurses Regarding Patients’ Care Following Cardiac Catheterization At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Adnan Yaqoob, Rubina Barolia, Ahmed Noor, Afshan Nazar

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices among nurses regarding patient care, following cardiac catheterization, at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality, globally. Nurses are the largest body of health care professionals who attempt to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases. Design: This study employed a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study design to answer the research questions.
Methodology: The data were collected from 70 participants using two instruments. Knowledge was assessed through a 50-multiple-choice questions-based questionnaire, whereas, to assess the practices, an …

Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Mothers’ Experiences Of Psychosocial Care And Communication By Midwives During Childbirth In Nairobi, Kenya, Jane Kabo, Eleanor Holroyd, Grace Edwards, Ahmed Sarki

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Purpose: To clarify sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors associated with mothers’ experiences of psychosocial care and communication by midwives during childbirth in Nairobi, Kenya.

Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a government national referral hospital. Respondents were 109 systematically sampled mothers who delivered in the study hospital. Mothers’ experiences of intrapartum care were assessed using three subscales from the Experience of Psychosocial Care and Communication during Childbirth Questionnaire (effective communication; emotional support; and respect, care and dignity). Simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between sociodemographic factors, socioeconomic factors and mothers’ experiences of intrapartum care.

Findings: …

Increasing Nursing Competence And Confidence During Obstetric Emergencies Through Simulation: A Quality Improvement Project, Tram Wallen

Dissertations

Problem: This quality improvement project aimed to improve the knowledge and confidence of the mother/baby nursing staff during postpartum hemorrhages through in situ simulation. PPH is a leading cause of maternal death. Hospitals across the U.S. lack a standard approach to managing obstetric emergencies; the complications of childbirth are often identified too late. Multidisciplinary simulation-based team training has been associated with improved outcomes in obstetrics.

Methods: A convenience sample of 26 registered nurses (RNs) that care for postpartum patients attended a one-hour instructor-led presentation followed by in situ simulations of postpartum hemorrhage. A knowledge assessment and confidence survey were administered …

The Effects Of Rape Trauma And Ptsd On The Childbirth Process, Helena Kevorkian

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Abstract

Background: Sexual trauma, including rape and childhood sexual abuse, takes a toll on the survivor emotionally and physically. With the invasive procedures, physical exposure and feelings of loss of control related to childbirth, the survivor may become triggered and become retraumatized. Through an integrative literature review, the effects of rape trauma and PTSD on the childbirth process were identified.

Objective: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to determine the effects of rape trauma and PTSD on the childbirth process. Through determining the effects, a greater understanding will be gained on how to best approach a situation with …

Asian Midwifery In 2019, Rafat Jan, Edwin Van Teijlingen

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Cultural Assessment: A Study Of Midwives’ Knowledge, Attitude And Self-Reported Practice In Uganda, Mercy Muwema, Karen Drake, Pamela Friesen, Grace Edwards

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background: Cultural assessment is critical due to the increased movement and resettlement of people across the globe, and diverse cultural groups in Uganda. This is putting the health care delivery systems serving the communities under pressure to recognize the different attitudes of people towards health and to develop care systems that are effective in meeting diverse needs. However, despite the importance of cultural assessment in nursing literature, little is known about the cultural assessment competence of Ugandan midwives. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of midwives in this assessment process.

Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used to …

Examining Clinical Indications For Cesarean Section In A University Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Zehra Kanji, Shannon D. Simonovich, Nida Najmi, Jessica Bishop-Royse

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background and objectives: Current research reports that Pakistan exceeds the recommended percent of deliveries via cesarean sections, including both emergent and non-emergent. In order to better understand the high rate of cesarean sections in Pakistan we examined the medical and non-medical indications of these surgeries at a private university hospital in Karachi.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patient medical record data was conducted from January 1st, 2018 to March 31st, 2018. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS 25.

Results: The total number of deliveries during the period was n= 1,211, out of which n=602 (49.70%) were CS. The top …

Male Involvement In Family Planning Among Squatter Settlement Residents Of Karachi, Fahmida Khowaja, Mehak Pervaiz, Naushaba Khatoon

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background: Worldwide, the Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) increased from 54.8% to 63.3%. However, Pakistan’s current CPR is estimated to be 35%. Men can play an important role in increasing CPR by providing support to their partners, yet their role has been overlooked in targeted reproductive health strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness and practices of married men regarding Family Planning (FP).
Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 married men, residing in an urban squatter settlement of Karachi. Participants were selected through non-probability convenience sampling and a structured questionnaire was used to …

Higher Education In Midwifery In Pakistan: A Proposed Framework, Rafat Jan, Arusa Lakhani, Karyn Kaufman

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Access to a skilled professional midwife is the right of each woman. Research evidence shows that midwives prepared to international standards decrease rates of morbidity and mortality and promote health of both mothers and infants. At present, in Pakistan, there are several midwifery cadres, with different formal education levels, who provide maternal and child health services. There are currently three types of diploma programs each serving a different cadre. Until 2012, there was no opportunity to obtain higher education in midwifery in the country. This absence contributed to non-acceptance and invisibility of midwifery as a profession. As a result, midwives …

Just Culture: It's More Than Policy, Linda Ann Paradiso, Nancy Sweeney

Publications and Research

Any healthcare organization’s top priority is effective and safe care. Despite this, medical error is the third-leading cause of death in the US. Hospitals are imperfect systems where nurses have competing demands and are forced to improvise and develop workarounds. Errors rarely occur in a vacuum, rather they’re a sequence of events with multiple opportunities for correction. Clinical nurses can have a significant impact on reducing errors due to their proximity to patients. When errors are identified, the events and impact on safe care need to be shared. Just culture is a safe haven that supports reporting. In a just …

Music Therapy Assisted Childbirth In The United States: A Critical Literature Review, Sydney Mohr

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

Music therapy assisted childbirth is an approach of music therapy in which a licensed and credentialed professional utilizes music therapy interventions to address a variety of goals during childbirth. There is a lack of literature and missing knowledge on the topic, associated with an increased rate in traumatic birth cases, mothers with post-traumatic stress disorder, and postpartum anxiety and depression. The literature review provides a summary of the historical context of feminist theory and feminism, as well as brief descriptions of music therapy, guided imagery and music, and familiar music interventions. One of the primary goals of this type of …

Silence In Violence: A Curse Or A Goodwill, Afsheen Hirani, Nasreen Rafiq, Shyrose Sultan, Zainish Hajani, Samreen Siraj

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Healthcare professionals face dilemmas regarding maintaining and breaching confidentiality while dealing with victims of sexual violence. The sensitivity of the cases of violence and the aim to prevent harm generates ambiguity for sound ethical and legal decision making. In Pakistan, maintaining silence is often preferred over breaking the silence. Thus, it is essential to view the risks and benefits of the conflicting positions keeping in mind the diverse perspectives and the bigger picture. Organizations, community and government can plan different strategies to put an end to this obscene game of “silence in violence”.

The Association Between Advanced Maternal Age And Short Interpregnancy Intervals On Preterm Labor, Hannah N. Burns, Kristi L. Duchanois

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

Abstract

Background: Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality and has become a major health concern due to the increasing rates of infant deaths in the United States (WHO, 2017). Studying maternal risk factors for preterm labor provides insight to this obscure condition and can assist in the identification of high risk women, as well as facilitate appropriate pregnancy planning. Purpose: Although research can be found on interpregnancy intervals and maternal age as independent risk factors for premature labor, gaps exist within the relation of these variables. This study was done to investigate whether there is …

The Association Between Advanced Maternal Age And Short Interpregnancy Intervals On Preterm Labor, Kristi L. Duchanois, Hannah N. Burns

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

Background: Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality and has become a major health concern due to the increasing rates of infant deaths in the United States (WHO, 2017). Studying maternal risk factors for preterm labor provides insight to this obscure condition and can assist in the identification of high risk women, as well as facilitate appropriate pregnancy planning. Purpose: Although research can be found on interpregnancy intervals and maternal age as independent risk factors for premature labor, gaps exist within the relation of these variables. This study was done to investigate whether there is a …