Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of Parent-Provided Distraction On Child Responses To An Iv Insertion, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber, Kirsten Hanrahan, M. Zimmerman, N. Westhus, S. Allen

Ann Marie McCarthy

This study evaluates the impact of parent-provided distraction on children's responses (behavioral, physiological, parent, and self-report) during an IV insertion. Participants were 542 children, 4 to 10 years old, randomized to an experimental group that received a parent distraction coaching intervention or to routine care. Experimental group children had significantly less cortisol responsivity (p = .026). Children that received the highest level of distraction coaching had the lowest distress on behavioral, parent report, and cortisol measures. When parents provide a higher frequency and quality of distraction, children have lower distress responses on most measures.

A Healthy Lifestyle Program: Promoting Child Health In Schools, A. Wehling Weepie, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

The problem of overweight children is an increasing public health concern in the United States. Many children today consume diets that are high in fat, lack regular physical activity, and receive minimal amounts of nutrition education at school. School-based education about nutrition and healthy lifestyles provides an opportunity for intervention with all children. A program for 4th- and 5th-grade students was designed to increase the student's knowledge about nutrition and healthy lifestyles. After implementation of the program, there was a significant increase in student knowledge of nutrition and healthy lifestyles as determined by a pretest and posttest evaluation. The results …

Cognitive Behavioral Pain And Anxiety Interventions In Pediatric Oncology Centers And Bone Marrow Transplant Units, Ann Mccarthy, V. Cool, M. Petersen, D. Bruene

Ann Marie McCarthy

Although research conducted on the treatment of pain and anxiety in children has found a number of cognitive behavioral interventions to be effective, it is not known to what extent this research has been put into practice. The purpose of this project was to obtain information on the use of cognitive behavioral interventions to help children and families cope with the pain and anxiety experienced during lumbar punctures and bone marrow aspirations. In this descriptive study, 15 Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Units and 32 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Centers from across the country were surveyed using a questionnaire developed to obtain information …

Children's Responses To Sequential Versus Simultaneous Immunization Injections, M. Horn, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare distress behaviors and perceptions of distress in 4- to 6-year-old children who received two immunization injections simultaneously with those in children who received their immunizations sequentially. METHOD: This experimental study used a convenience sample of 46 children scheduled for pre-kindergarten examinations. The children were randomly assigned to either a sequential injection or a simultaneous injection group. Direct observation and videotapes were made of the children's behaviors before and after injection. Distress behaviors were analyzed with the Observation Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised, and perceptions of distress were obtained from both children (with …

Effects Of Diabetes On Learning In Children, Ann Mccarthy, S. Lindgren, M. Mengeling, E. Tsalikian, J. Engvall

Ann Marie McCarthy

OBJECTIVE: Subtle neuropsychological deficits have been found in some children with type 1 diabetes. However, these data have been inconsistent, and it is not clear what the impact of these deficits might be on the learning of children with diabetes over time. The purpose of this study was to determine whether type 1 diabetes significantly interferes with the development of functional academic skills. It was hypothesized that 1) children with type 1 diabetes would demonstrate deficits in academic performance and behavior when compared with sibling or classmate control subjects and 2) that academic performance in children with type 1 diabetes …

Medication Administration Practices Of School Nurses, Ann Mccarthy, M. Kelly, D. Reed

Ann Marie McCarthy

This study assessed the medication administration practices of school nurses. From a random sample of 1,000 members of the National Association of School Nurses, 649 (64.9%) completed the survey developed for the study. These school nurses report that during a typical day, 5.6% of children receive medication in school, with 3.3% receiving medications for ADHD. Almost all the school nurses follow written guidelines for administering medication. Potential problems were identified in documenting side effects of medications, storage of medications, student self-administration practices, and appropriate authorization of nonprescription drug use. Most nurses (75.6%) delegate medication administration to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP), …

School Nurses' Experiences With Children With Chronic Conditions, Janet Williams, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Strategies For Salivary Cortisol Collection And Analysis In Research With Children, Kirsten Hanrahan, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber, S. Lutgendorf, E. Tsalikian

Ann Marie McCarthy

Salivary cortisol has emerged in pediatric research as an easy-to-collect, relatively inexpensive, biologic marker of stress. Cortisol is highly variable and is responsive to a wide range of factors that should be considered when incorporating this measure into research with children. Strategies for sample collection include: (1) standardizing the time for sample collection, including baseline samples; (2) using consistent collection materials and methods; (3) controlling for certain drinks, foods, medications, and diagnoses; and (4) establishing procedures and protocols. Other strategies for laboratory analyses include: (1) selecting the appropriate assay and laboratory; (2) identifying units of measure and norms; and (3) …

Cognitive Behavioral Interventions For Children During Painful Procedures: Research Challenges And Program Development, Ann Mccarthy, V. Cool, Kirsten Hanrahan

Ann Marie McCarthy

The purpose of this report is to describe a pilot program designed to introduce the use of cognitive behavioral interventions for painful pediatric procedures at a university hospital, and to discuss the challenges that occurred during this process. Participants in the program included ten parents and their children who were newly diagnosed with leukemia, and staff who provided treatment for these children. Measures included direct videotaped observations of the children, perceptions of pain and anxiety completed by children, parents, and staff, and parent and staff ratings of satisfaction with the program. Results indicated strong acceptance of the interventions. This report …

Parent Behavior And Child Distress During Urethral Catheterization, Charmaine Kleiber, Ann Marie Mccarthy

Charmaine Kleiber

ISSUES AND PURPOSE: Researchers need a clear understanding of the natural behaviors parents use to help their children cope. This study describes the relationships between naturally occurring parent behaviors and child distress behaviors during urethral catheterization. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this descriptive study, researchers videotaped the behaviors of parent-child interactions during urethral catheterization. RESULTS: Parents used distraction to maintain calm behavior during the first part of the procedure and used more reassurance when the children started to become distressed. Seven of the nine children displayed calm behavior at least half the time following distraction. Parental reassurance did not decrease distress …

Health Status And Resources Of Rural Homeless Women And Children, Martha Craft-Rosenberg, S. Powell, Kennith Culp

Kennith R. Culp

The purpose of this research is to describe the health status and health resources for homeless women and children in a Midwestern rural community. A group of 31 rural homeless women in a shelter participated in the study by answering questions on the Rural Homeless Interview developed by the investigators. The findings revealed higher than expected rates of illness, accidents, and adverse life events, with the incidence ofsubstance abuse and mental illness being comparable to data from other homeless populations. The data on children were limited by lack of knowledge on the part of their mothers. Some mothers reported that …

Exclusion Of The Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome Locus (Eya1) From Patients With Branchio-Oculo-Facial Syndrome, A. Lin, E. Semina, Sandra Daack-Hirsch, E. Roeder, C. Curry, K. Rosenbaum, D. Weaver, J. Murray

Sandra Daack-Hirsch

In addition to craniofacial, auricular, ophthalmologic, and oral anomalies, the distinctive phenotype of the branchio-oculo-facial (BOF) syndrome (MIM 113620) includes skin defects in the neck or infra/supra-auricular region. These unusual areas of thin, erythematous wrinkled skin differ from the discrete cervical pits, cysts, and fistulas of the branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome (MIM 113650). Although the BOF and BOR syndromes are sufficiently distinctive that they should not be confused, both can be associated with nasolacrimal duct stenosis, deafness, prehelical pits, malformed pinna, and renal anomalies. Furthermore, a reported father and son [Legius et al., 1990, Clin Genet 37:347-500] had features of both …

The Effect Of Follow-Up On Limiting Non-Participation Bias In Genetic Epidemiologic Investigations, P. Romitti, R. Munger, J. Murray, Sandra Daack-Hirsch, J. Hanson, T. Burns

Sandra Daack-Hirsch

The use of a comprehensive follow-up strategy to limit non-participation bias was evaluated in a population-based case-control study of orofacial clefts. Birth parents were requested to provide exposure data, and index children and parents were asked to provide blood specimens. Follow-up included telephone or postal reminders every two weeks for up to three months. Consent to participate was received from 281 (76.6%) case mothers and 246 (72.4%) case fathers. The corresponding totals for controls were 279 (54.7%) and 245 (49.8%). Evaluation of participation rates by intensity of follow-up showed that 23% of case and 18% of control families consented without …

Mutations In Bmp4 Are Associated With Subepithelial, Microform, And Overt Cleft Lip, S. Suzuki, M. Marazita, M. Cooper, N. Miwa, A. Hing, A. Jugessur, N. Natsume, K. Shimozato, N. Ohbayashi, Y. Suzuki, T. Niimi, K. Minami, M. Yamamoto, T. Altannamar, T. Erkhembaatar, H. Furukawa, Sandra Daack-Hirsch, J. L'Heureux, C. Brandon, S. Weinberg, K. Neiswanger, F. Deleyiannis, J. De Salamanca, A. Vieira, A. Lidral, J. Martin, J. Murray

Sandra Daack-Hirsch

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a complex trait with evidence that the clinical spectrum includes both microform and subepithelial lip defects. We identified missense and nonsense mutations in the BMP4 gene in 1 of 30 cases of microform clefts, 2 of 87 cases with subepithelial defects in the orbicularis oris muscle (OOM), 5 of 968 cases of overt CL/P, and 0 of 529 controls. These results provide confirmation that microforms and subepithelial OOM defects are part of the spectrum of CL/P and should be considered during clinical evaluation of families with clefts. Furthermore, we suggest a …

President's Message. Remembering, Patricia Clinton

Patricia K. Clinton

No abstract provided.

The Acute Care Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, Patricia Clinton, A. Sperhac

Patricia K. Clinton

No abstract provided.

President's Message. Rediscovering The Magic, Patricia Clinton

Patricia K. Clinton

No abstract provided.

Where Are All The Pnps? Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Practice Opportunities And Challenges, D. Loman, Patricia Clinton

Patricia K. Clinton

No abstract provided.

Pain Trajectory Following Spinal Fusion For Idiopathic Scoliosis, Charmaine Kleiber, L. Dolan, Mary Berg, A. Kleese, M. Suwanraj

Mary Berg

No abstract provided.

Incidence Of Constipation And Abdominal Pain Following Spinal Fusion For Idiopathic Scoliosis, Mary Berg, Charmaine Kleiber

Mary Berg

No abstract provided.

Pain-Sensitive Temperament And Postoperative Pain, Charmaine Kleiber, M. Suwanraj, L. Dolan, Mary Berg, A. Kleese

Mary Berg

PURPOSE: To describe the relationship between pain-sensitive temperament and self-report of pain intensity following surgery. DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty-nine adolescents and young adults (average age 14 years) undergoing spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis completed the Sensitivity Temperament Inventory for Pain-Child version (STIP-C). The Pearson correlation between STIP-C scores and the highest pain intensity for each of the first three postoperative days was investigated. RESULTS: There was a small but significant correlation between the Perceptual Sensitivity and Symptom Reporting subscales of the STIP-C and pain intensity measured on the third postoperative day. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Aspects of the pain-sensitive temperament may …

Family Response To A Child's Chronic Illness: A Description Of Major Defining Themes, K. Knafl, A. Gallo, B. Breitmayer, L. Zoeller, Lioness Ayres

Lioness Ayres

No abstract provided.

Learning From Stories: Parents' Accounts Of The Pathway To Diagnosis, K. Knafl, Lioness Ayres, A. Gallo, L. Zoeller, B. Brietmayer

Lioness Ayres

Although the diagnosis of a child's chronic illness is typically a stressful time for parents, the events leading up to it vary considerably across families. As part of a larger study that addressed the experience of living with chronic illness, an analysis was undertaken to identify major themes in parental reports of the events preceding their child's diagnosis of chronic illness. Data are based on accounts given by parents in 63 families from three health science centers in the midwestern United States. Narrative analysis techniques were used to identify 5 major pathways to diagnosis (direct, delay, detour, quest, ordeal) and …

Within-Case And Across-Case Approaches To Qualitative Data Analysis, Lioness Ayres, K. Kavanaugh, K. Knafl

Lioness Ayres

The generalizations developed by qualitative researchers are embedded in the contextual richness of individual experience. Qualitative data management strategies that depend solely on coding and sorting of texts into units of like meaning can strip much of this contextual richness away. To prevent this, some authors have recommended treating individual accounts as whole cases or stories, but whole cases are difficult to compare with one another when the goal of the research is to develop generalizations that represent multiple accounts. In this article, the authors describe the ways in which three different qualitative researchers combined across-case coding and sorting with …

Nurse Practitioner Barriers To Reporting Child Maltreatment, Steven Lee Barlow

Theses and Dissertations

Each year approximately 1,000,000 child become the victims of abuse or neglect. The detrimental effects of child maltreatment (CM) have been well documented and create significant problems for the survivors and for society as well. All fifty states have enacted mandatory reporting laws to combat the CM epidemic. As mandated reporters, nurse practitioners and nurse midwives (APRNs) have the opportunity and responsibilities to identify and refer potential victims of CM, in this study a significant percentage choose not to report their suspicions. Respondents to the study survey identified several potential barriers to APRN reporting such as lack of education and …

Perspectives Of College Students With Childhood Ad/Hd, T. Robin Bartlett, Tracie Rowe, Mona Shattell

Mona Shattell

Purpose: To determine what successful young adults perceive was helpful to them when they were struggling with their attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms as children.

Study Design and Methods: Sixteen young adult college students with a history of ADHD participated in semistructured interviews that asked them which people and what strategies they had found most helpful to them during their childhood. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: The most helpful people were parents and teachers; the most helpful strategies were caring behaviors and active teaching/learning strategies. Participants remembered helpful people as “giving me strategies to help me keep my …

Body Mass Index And Health Related Quality Of Life In Elementary School Children: A Pilot Study, Lei Zhang, Peter J. Fos, William D. Johnson, Vafa Kamali, Reagan G. Cox, Miguel A. Zuniga, Theresa Kittle

Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: We investigated the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) indicated by baseline health status in elementary school children. Methods: Data were obtained via parents whose children enrolled in an elementary school, kindergarten to fourth grade, in southern Mississippi in spring 2004. Parents completed the SF-10 for Children, a brief 10-item questionnaire designed to measure children's HRQOL on a voluntary basis. Results: A total of 279 parents completed the questionnaires for their children. On average, physical and psychosocial summary scores, major indicators for HRQOL, were significantly higher among the elementary school children in our …

A Lived Experience Of Being A Mother Of A Child With Depression: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Inquiry, Maralou R. Brose

Theses and Graduate Projects

There have been few studies that have attempted to understand the world of parents raising a child with depression. This study introduces the magnitude of the problem of childhood depression and explores what it means to be the mother of an adolescent with depression. For this study, three mothers of adolescents wit.h depression were questioned interviews were in unstructured interviews. The taped transcribed, and the resulting texts were Four core themes were analyzed using a six-stage process. extracted-maternal role, support, and grief-and reveal_ed what it was family disequilibrium, like for mothers raising a child with depression. Hermeneutic phenomenology provided the …

Tractor Driving Among Kentucky Farm Youth: Results From The Farm Family Health And Hazard Surveillance Project, Steven R. Browning, Susan C. Westneat, Raeanne Szeluga

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

This article documents the extent of children's involvement in tractor operations among a representative sample of Kentucky children living and working on family farms. Specifically, we describe children's exposures to tractor-related work activities, profile their use of the tractor (number of days worked), and assess compliance with generally recommended safety measures, such as using tractors equipped with ROPS (rollover protective structures), avoiding riding as passengers on tractors, and operating tractors on public roadways. Data for this study were collected in 1994 and 1995 as part of the NIOSH-sponsored Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance Project (FFHHSP). Despite recognition in the …