Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Working With Substance Misuse Problems In Private Practice, Peter Kelly

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Individuals experiencing alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems have typically been under represented within private practice. For example, in the general population the prevalence of substance use disorders (7.7%) is comparable to that of anxiety (9.7%) and affective disorders (5.8%; Andrews, Hall, Teesson & Henderson, 1999). However, a recent APS survey showed that while 48 per cent of people treated by psychologists under the Better Access initiative presented with anxiety or depression, only 6 per cent presented for assistance with substance misuse problems (Giese, Littlefield & Mathews, 2008). Recent changes to the Medicare system have largely reduced financial barriers, presenting …

The Challenges Of Nutrition And Aging, Linda C. Tapsell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

From the time of birth and throughout the lifecycle, the human organism depends on food and nutrients to sustain its growth, development and functionality. With increasing knowledge of biological processes within the human body, the term ‘you are what you eat’, takes on more and more meaning. One of the new levels of understanding relates to the interaction of food components with genes to set off cascades of events that affect health and disease (1). This new understanding provides a detailed view of the dynamic relationship between genes and the environment, represented through food. Our health, our lifespan, can be …

Food, Health And Nutrition: Where Does Chicken Fit?, Karen E. Charlton, Yasmine Probst, Linda C. Tapsell, Patrick J. Blackall

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The link between diet and health is important, given the prevalence of diet related disease, including obesity, in the Australian population. Consumers need to be able to discriminate between foods based on the nutritional contribution of each to a healthy diet. They also need to be able to discriminate between foods in a broader context, considering issues such as food safety, how the food is produced and the environmental consequences of its production. This review outlines the position of chicken in the Australian diet from a health, consumer and environmental perspective. Chicken can contribute to a healthy eating pattern. It …

Unrealistic Pessimism About Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease And Stroke In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Koula G. Asimakopoulou, Timothy Chas Skinner, Jennifer Spimpolo, Sally Marsh, Charles Fox

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

OBJECTIVE: We examined the accuracy of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients risk estimates of developing Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)/ having a stroke as a consequence of diabetes and their mood about these risks. METHODS: Patients reported their perceived risks of developing CHD/ having a stroke and rated their mood about these risks using a self-report measure. Using an objective risk calculator, they were then told their actual risk of CHD and stroke and their mood was re-assessed. RESULTS: Patients estimates of their risk of CHD / stroke were grossly inflated. A negative relationship between disease risk and mood was also …

Time-To-Contact Perception During Simulated Night Landing, Gavin Prowse, Stephen A. Palmisano, Simone K. Favelle

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In 2 experiments, nonpilots made time-to-contact (TTC) judgments during simulated oblique descents toward a groundplane. Experiment 1 revealed a significant effect of simulated glideslope on TTC judgments: 3-degree simulations were underestimated, 6-degree simulations were generally accurate, and 9-degree simulations were overestimated. However, there was a significant reduction in this glideslope effect when the simulated aimpoint was explicitly (as opposed to implicitly) identified throughout the display. This glideslope effect was also found to disappear in Experiment 2, when aimpoint distance was held constant for all glideslopes, suggesting that TTC was being indirectly calculated based on perceived distance.

Vection Change Exacerbates Simulator Sickness In Virtual Environments, Frederick Bonato, Andrea Bubka, Stephen A. Palmisano, Danielle Phillip, Giselle Moreno

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The optic flow patterns generated by virtual reality (VR) systems typically produce visually induced experiences of self-motion (vection). While this vection can enhance presence in VR, it is often accompanied by a variant of motion sickness called simulator sickness (SS). However, not all vection experiences are the same. In terms of perceived heading and/or speed, visually simulated self-motion can be either steady or changing. It was hypothesized that changing vection would lead to more SS. Participants viewed an optic flow pattern that either steadily expanded or alternately expanded and contracted. In one experiment, SS was measured pretreatment and after 5 …

Effects Of Scenery, Lighting, Glideslope And Experience On Timing The Landing Flare, Stephen A. Palmisano, Simone K. Favelle, W L. Sachtler

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study examined 3 visual strategies for timing the initiation of the landing flare based on perceptions of either: (i) a critical height above ground level; (ii) a critical runway width angle (Y); or (iii) a critical time-to-contact (TTC) with the runway. Visual displays simulated landing approaches with trial-to-trial variations in glideslope, lighting, and scene detail. Twenty-four participants (8 private pilots, 8 student pilots and 8 non-pilots) were instructed to initiate the flare when they perceived that their TTC with the runway (30 m wide by 840 m long) had reached a critical value of 2 seconds. Our results demonstrated …

Corporate Social Responsibility, Condition Branding And Ethics In Marketing, Danika Hall, Sandra C. Jones

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Over the past two decades there has been increased interest in corporate responsibility (CSR) and its relation to marketing practice and theory )Maignan and Ferrell, 2004: Polonsky and Jevons, 2006). This paper explores another marketing phenomena emerging from the pharmaceutical industry: condition branding (Angelmar, Angelmar and Kane, 2007: Parry, 2003). Condition branding has been positioned as a form of CSR for the industry, in that it provides education to the general public regarding diseases or conditions. However, the ethical nature of condition branding has been questioned as it is also seen as a deliberate method of increasing markets for pharmaceutical …

Communication About Organ Donation Intentions: Formative Research For A Social Marketing Program Targeting Families, Sandra C. Jones, Samantha L. Reis, Kelly L. Andrews

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

With the introduction of the Australian Organ Donation Register (AODR), responsibility regarding organ donation decisions primarily rests with the individual. However, family members can be instrumental in facilitating or hindering the rate of organ donation by objecting to or confirming the individuals wishes. Attitudes and beliefs of family members have been shown to be a strong influence on peoples intentions to donate. Numerous studies have also demonstrated that family communication about organ donation can improve the rate of organ donation. We surveyed 23 matched pairs of undergraduate university students and their parents and found that attitudes to organ donation were …

Social Ideological Influences On Reported Food Consumption And Bmi, Wei C. Wang, Anthony Worsley, Everada G. Cunningham

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between ideological beliefs, perceptions of the importance of health behaviours, health attitudes, food consumption, and Body Mass Index (BMI). A behavioural model was hypothesized based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975).

Methods

A survey was conducted among shoppers aged between 40 and 70 years at Eastland Shopping Centre, Melbourne, Australia. The hypothesized model was tested with this empirical data (n = 410) for younger (n = 151) and older (n = 259) age groups using structural equation modelling.

Results

The findings generally support …

University Psychology Clinics In Australia: Their Place In Professional Training, Craig J. Gonsalvez, Judy Hyde, Julie Barrington, Sandra Lancaster

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

There is universal recognition of the need for developmentally appropriate supervised clinical experience in professional psychology training. University clinics were established to provide a bridging function for postgraduate clinical psychology students, assisting the integration of psychological theory and research into real-world clinical applications and professional identity development.

Bone Mineral Density And Content During Weight Cycling In Female Rats: Effects Of Dietary Amylase-Resistant Starch, Ian L. Brown, Hasina Ambia-Sobhan, Abigail E. Huang, Sue A. Shapses, Sugeet Jagpal, John D. Bogden, Francis W. Kemp, Anne M. Birkett

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Although there is considerable evidence for a loss of bone mass with weight loss, the few human studies on the relationship between weight cycling and bone mass or density have differing results. Further, very few studies assessed the role of dietary composition on bone mass during weight cycling. The primary objective of this study was to determine if a diet high in amylase-resistant starch (RS2), which has been shown to increase absorption and balance of dietary minerals, can prevent or reduce loss of bone mass during weight cycling. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=84, age = 20 weeks) …

The Relationship Between Driving Anxiety And Driving Skill: A Review Of Human Factors And Anxiety-Performance Theories To Clarify Future Research Needs, Joanne Taylor, Frank P. Deane, John Podd

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article examines theory and identifies gaps in research related to the role of driving skills in driving anxiety. Increasingly, investigators have examined the clinical features of driving anxiety and the more severe situation of driving fear and phobia, but the possible involvement of driving skills has been neglected. This is surprising given the potential implications for skills training and remediation in the assessment and treatment of some of those who experience driving anxiety, fear, and phobia. The largest body of relevant research comes from the driving and human factors literature on the relationship between anxiety and driving performance. The …

Fish Oil Reduces Heart Rate And Oxygen Consumption During Exercise, Gregory E. Peoples, Peter L. Mclennan, Peter R. C Howe, Herbert Groeller

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are readily incorporated into heart and skeletal muscle membranes where, in the heart, animal studies show they reduce O2 consumption. To test the hypothesis that omega-3 PUFAs alter O2 efficiency in humans, the effects of fish oil (FO) supplementation on O2 consumption during exercise were evaluated. Sixteen well-trained men (cyclists), randomly assigned to receive 8 x 1 g capsules per day of olive oil (control) or FO for 8 weeks in a double-blind, parallel design, completed the study (control: n = 7, age 27.1 +/- 2.7 years; FO: n = 9, age 23.2 +/- …

Self-Reported Neurological Symptoms In Relation To Co Emissions Due To Problem Gas Appliance Installations In London: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Irene Kreis, Giovanni Leonardi, Ben Croxford

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Previous research by the authors found evidence that up to 10% of particular household categories may be exposed to elevated carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations from poor quality gas appliance installations. The literature suggests certain neurological symptoms are linked to exposure to low levels of CO. This paper addresses the hypothesis that certain selfreported neurological symptoms experienced by a householder are linked to an estimate of their CO exposure.Methods: Between 27 April and 27 June 2006, 597 homes with a mains supply of natural gas were surveyed, mainly in old, urban areas of London. Qualified gas engineers tested all gas …

Gross For Kids But Good For Parents: Differing Messages In Advertisements For The Same Products, Sandra C. Jones, Belinda S. Fabrianesi

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: There has been surprisingly little research into the effects of food advertising on parents' perception of commonly consumed children's food items, although the available research suggests that parents may find nutritional claims in these advertisements confusing. The purpose of the present study was to investigate parents' perceptions of branded snack foods targeted at children, and the extent to which these perceptions are influenced by advertising messages.Design: Using an intercept survey, participants were shown either adult-targeted or child-targeted advertisements for the same food products.Setting: Central business district of a major Australian city.Subjects: One hundred adults, mean age 40 years.Results: The …

Newspaper Coverage Of Drug Policy: An Analysis Of Pre-Election Reporting Of The Greens' Drug Policy In Australia, Danika Hall, Sandra C. Jones, Fiona Cowlin

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction and Aims. With the headline 'Ecstasy Over The Counter' in a popular daily newspaper, the debate on drug policy officially entered the arena of the 2003 New South Wales (Australia) State Election. The debate resurfaced in the lead-up to the 2004 Australian Federal Election. This paper analyses the pre-election coverage of drug policy issues in four Australian newspapers. Design and Methods. Four high-circulation daily newspapers were monitored for a one-month period prior to both elections and analysed for their coverage of drug policy, particularly with respect to the policy of the Greens. Results. The newspapers took different perspectives on …

Toward The Science-Informed Practice Of Clinical Supervision: The Australian Context, Craig J. Gonsalvez, Hamish Mcleod

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Although supervision of clinical practice is mandatory for trainee psychologists, surprisingly little is known about the key ingredients of effective supervision and the relationship between supervision and patient outcomes. The purpose of this paper was to review current regulations that shape supervision in Australia and explore the links between these regulations and the components of effective supervision. Although recent developments including supervisor training and other quality control programs are an indication of progress, there are several empirical and conceptual issues in the supervision literature that require resolution. The second part of this paper identifies the gaps in the supervision literature …

Are Pre-Adolescent Girls' Magazines Providing Age-Appropriate Role Models?, Belinda S. Fabrianesi, Sandra C. Jones, Amanda Reid

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose – Repeated exposure to unrealistic notions of female beauty and body shapes, and limited gender stereotypes, may result in the internalization of those standards by pre-adolescent girls. The purpose of this content analysis is to examine the celebrity role models to whom young girls are exposed via magazines specifically targeted at the “tween” audience. Female celebrities are contrasted with those in magazines targeted at older adolescent girls. Design/methodology/approach – Two pre-adolescent girls’ magazines, Total Girl and Barbie, and two adolescent girls’ magazines, Dolly and Girlfriend, were analyzed for the first six months of 2005. All photos (including advertising images) …

Psychologists' Cognitive And Emotional Responses To Working With Borderline Personality Disorder Clients, Marianne E. Bourke, Brin F. Grenyer

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is commonly recognised throughout theoretical and clinical accounts as one of the most challenging mental health disorders to treat however; there has been limited empirical investigation into characteristic psychologists reactions evoked by this diagnostic group. The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive and emotional responses of psychologists treating BPD. Method: Psychologists currently working with BPD clients gave informed consent to be interviewed regarding their responses to this client group. In addition, the Impact Message Inventory (IMI-C) and the Psychotherapy Relationship Questionnaire (PRQ) were completed. Transcripts from a semi-structured interview of psychologist's countertransference experiences were …

Industry Syndicates In Functional Foods: Evaluating Existing Models For The Development Of Future Projects, Yasmine Probst

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The syndicate model developed by the National Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods enables a number of companies to work together in a pre-competitive space, leveraging their investment. Companies have access to a wide range of research knowledge and skills for a portion of what it would cost to complete the entire project as a single entity. By 2007, the Centre had run three separate syndicate projects each with different models. Both food and pharmaceutical companies have participated in the projects. This paper reports on an evaluation of the Functional Foods for Healthy Ageing and Functional Foods for Appetite Control …

Preschool Children's Counterfactual Inferences: The Causal Length Effect Revisited, Amy Y. Chan, Jessica C. Scott

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research into young childrens counterfactual thinking is equivocal about how childrens counterfactual responses to causal events may be affected by the length of the causal inference required. This study examined the causal length effect in 3- and 4-year-old children (N=87). Children participated in two counterfactual inference tasks involving causally-related sequences of events. One task entailed counterfactual emotional judgements about the experience of characters in stories, whereas the other task entailed a counterfactual inference about a potential alternative outcome to a physical event. Children at each age level were randomly assigned to answer test questions that required a long, medium, or …

Constraints On Food Choices Of Women In The Uk With Lower Educational Attainment, Mary Barker, Wendy T. Lawrence, Timothy C. Skinner, Cheryl O. Haslam, Sian M. Robinson, Hazel M. Inskip, Barrie M. Margetts, Alan A. Jackson, David J. P. Barker, Cyrus Cooper

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: Women of lower educational attainment have less balanced and varied diets than women of higher educational attainment. The diets of women are vital to the long-term health of their offspring. The present study aimed to identify factors that influence the food choices of women with lower educational attainment and how women could be helped to improve those choices. Design: We conducted eight focus group discussions with women of lower educational attainment to identify these factors. We contrasted the results of these discussions with those from three focus group discussions with women of higher educational attainment. Setting: …

Constructing A Research Based Pre-Care Model To Improve Mental Health Interventions For Young People, Lindsey Harrison, Sue Webster

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

ObjectiveThis study had two aims. Firstly, to explore how young people experienced the onset of mental health problems and to investigate their initial interactions with the health system; and secondly, to use thesefindings to construct a pre-care model that can be used by nurses and other health care professionals todesign appropriate interventions.DesignGrounded theory method was used to develop a theory of young peoples experience of the pathway to mental health care. Data were obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews.SettingParticipants were recruited through two community health centres in a Sydney metropolitan area healthservice.SubjectsThe purposive sample consisted of eight males and twelve females …

Isokinetic Dynamometry In Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury And Reconstruction, Yong-Hao Pua, Adam Bryant, Julie R. Steele, Robert Newton, Tim Wrigley

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The use of Isokinetic dynamometry has often been criticised based on the face-validity argument that isokinetic movements poorly resemble the everyday multi-segmented, dynamic activities of human movements. In the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction or defiency population where muscle deficits are ubiquitous, this review paper has made a case for using isokinetic dynamometry to isolate and quantify these deficits in a safe and controlled manner.

Evaluating The Impact Of The Narrow Cast Marketing Of 'Snake Condoms' To Indigenous Youth, Parri Gregory, Lyn J. Phillipson, Lance Barrie, Sandra C. Jones, Anna Validas

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Originating in the Aboriginal community of Mildura, Victoria, the Snake Condom was first launched through collaboration between Marie Stopes Australia, the Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (VACCHO) and the Mildura Aboriginal Health Service. This paper presents results of a recent evaluation of the narrowcast component of this campaign. Overall, this evaluation reveals positive results regarding the effectiveness of the narrowcast component of the initiative and highlights the value of the inclusion of narrowcast promotion as part of a well developed social marketing campaign to address sensitive topics targeted at sub-groups of particular interest within the population.

The Relevance Of The Heart Foundation Of Australia's Dietary Recommendations For Adult Australians: A Comparison Of Views Of General Practitioners, Cardiologists And Dietitians, Francis A. Worsley, Sylvia Pomeroy

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose: To compare the views of general practitioners, cardiologists and dietitians about the relevance of the Heart Foundation of Australias dietary recommendations for adult cardiac patients. Basic procedures: Quantitative-cross sectional study. Postal questionnaires were self-completed by 248 Victorian general practitioners (30% response), 189 Australia-wide cardiologists (47% response) and 180 Victorian dietitians (45% response). Responses were represented as percentages and analyses of variance were conducted to explore the impact of the independent variables: age, work status and gender on the dependent variable: dietary recommendation. Main findings: Approximately half of the recommendations were viewed as strongly important to implement; these related to …

A Food-Based Dietary Strategy Lowers Blood Pressure In A Low Socio-Economic Setting: A Randomised Study In South Africa, Karen E. Charlton, Naomi Levitt, Krisela Steyn, Deborah Jonathan, Nomonde Gwebushe, Nasheeta Peer, Katja Rossouw, Theresa Gogela, Carl J. Lombard

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective To assess the impact of a food-based intervention on blood pressure (BP) in free-living South African men and women aged 50–75 years, with drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertension.

Methods A double-blind controlled trial was undertaken in eighty drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertensive subjects randomised to an intervention (n 40) or control (n 40) arm. The intervention was 8-week provision of six food items with a modified cation content (salt replacement (SOLO™), bread, margarine, stock cubes, soup mix and a flavour enhancer) and 500 ml of maas (fermented milk)/d. The control diet provided the same quantities of the targeted foods but of …

Dietary Validation Of A New Australian Food-Frequency Questionnaire That Estimates Long-Chain N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Bethany L. Sullivan, Janelle Brown, Peter Williams, Barbara Meyer

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Currently, there is no FFQ designed to capture the intakes of the long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA. The objectives of this study were to validate a new LC n-3 PUFA FFQ by comparison with 3 d weighed food records (FR) and to determine its reproducibility assessed 4 to 6 weeks apart. Healthy male and female subjects (n 53) were recruited from Wollongong and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The FFQ and FR were analysed for LC n-3 PUFA intakes using a nutrient analysis software package and these intakes were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Spearman …

Conceptualising The Policy Practice And Behavioural Research Relationship, Mark Lawrence, Heather Yeatman

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Policy is frequently identified in the behavioural nutrition and physical activity research literature as a necessary component of effective research and practice. The purpose of this commentary is to promote a dialogue to contribute towards the further development of conceptual understandings and theories of the relationship between policy practice and behavioural research and how these twoactivities might work synergistically to improve public health outcomes.Methods: Drawing on policy and public health literature, this commentary presents a conceptual model of the interaction and mediation between nutrition and physical activity-relevant policy and behavioural nutrition and physical activity research, environments, behaviours and public …