Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Polyclonal Mycobacterium Avium Infections In Patients With Aids: Variations In Antimicrobial Susceptibilities Of Different Strains Of M. Avium Isolated From The Same Patient., C Fordham Von Reyn, Nicholas J. Jacobs, Robert D. Arbeit, Joe N. Maslow, S Niemczyk

Dartmouth Scholarship

Broth microdilution MICs were determined for pairs of strains isolated from five AIDS patients with polyclonal Mycobacterium avium infection. Four (80%) of the five patients were infected simultaneously with strains having different antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. These findings have implications for the interpretation of susceptibility data in M. avium prophylaxis and treatment trials.

Thrombolytic Therapy In Acute Myocardial Infarction In Pakistan., M. Asad Karim, Ata Ata-Ur- Rehman Qureshi, Syed Faisal Mahmood, J. Akhter

Department of Medicine

To characterize features of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a Pakistani population, and assess the role of thrombolysis in our country, we studied 194 consecutive admitted patients with enzyme positive AMI. Males were affected three times more frequently; women, although affected less, had a higher incidence of complications than men. Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) was present in 50% patients presenting with AMI. An unusually high incidence of anterior wall myocardial infarction (39%) was seen. Complications were frequent with a predominance of LV failure symptoms. Cardiogenic shock was associated with a very high mortality, in excess of 93%. Streptokinase (SK) …

Media Components Influence Viral Gene Expression Assays In Human Fetal Astrocyte Cultures, Micheline Mccarthy, Charles Wood, Larisa Fedoseyeva, Scott R. Whittemore

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

In vitro neurovirological studies of viral infectivity or viral gene expression may be confounded by the mulHple neural cell types and/or fibrob last contamination present in early passage cultures prepared from dissociated human central nervous system (eNS) tissue. We have developed highly enriched astrocyte cultures for neurovirological study by culturing in a serum-free defined medium, 816, supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). Subculture in this medium selects against fibroblast proliferation and favors sustained proliferation of a highly enriched glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cell population. These astrocytes support productive replication of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and transient expression of transfected CMVand …

Impairment Of The Cellular Immune Response In Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis: Regulation Of Interleukin 2 Production And Macrophage-Mediated Inhibitory Effects., Sakhina Haque, Imtiaz Khan, Azizul Haque, Lloyd Kasper

Dartmouth Scholarship

Depression of the cellular immune response to Toxoplasma gondii has been reported in both mice and humans. The present study was undertaken to determine the kinetics and mechanism of the observed downregulation of interleukin 2 (IL-2) production during experimental murine toxoplasmosis. For these investigations, the cell-mediated immune response to the wild type (PTg) was compared with that to the less-virulent mutant parasite (PTgB), which is deficient in the major surface antigen, p30 (SAG-1). Spleen cells from infected A/J mice failed to proliferate in response to Toxoplasma antigens during the first week of infection. Both PTg- and PTgB-infected A/J mice exhibited …

Polyclonal Infections Due To Mycobacterium Avium Complex In Patients With Aids Detected By Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Of Sequential Clinical Isolates., Alexander M. Slutsky, Robert D. Arbeit, Thomas W. Barber, Josiah Rich, C Fordham Von Reyn

Dartmouth Scholarship

Invasive infection with organisms of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is common among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. In previous studies, we analyzed multiple individual colonies of MAC isolated from specimens obtained at the same time and observed that 14 to 20% of patients are simultaneously infected with more than one strain. In this study, we examined sequential isolates from 12 patients with AIDS who had two or more MAC isolates available from clinical specimens collected more than 1 week apart; the intervals between the first and last specimens ranged from 8 to 192 (median, 46) days. For …

Interleukin-12 Enhances Murine Survival Against Acute Toxoplasmosis., Imtiaz A. Khan, Tadashi Matsuura, Lloyd H. Kasper

Dartmouth Scholarship

Protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii is mediated by the host cellular immune response. Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a recently described cytokine that stimulates NK cells to produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), is able to enhance host protection against this parasite in SCID mice. Administration of IL-12 to A/J mice significantly increased survival over that of control mice when IL-12 was delivered early in the course of acute infection. If it was administered at day 3 or thereafter, there was no observed difference in mortality between treated and control mice. Antibody depletion of IL-12 increased susceptibility to infection, as measured by mortality, only when …

Book Review: The Baculovirus Expression System: A Laboratory Guide (1992) King, L. A. & Possee, R. D., David D. Dunigan

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The power of molecular biology is unleashed with the ability to clone and sequence genes, and then express these genes in heterologous systems. This sets the stage for the full analysis of proteins that are otherwise difficult to isolate and/or purify, especially when present at very low copy number per cell or when isolated from relatively precious materials. Overexpression of protein is now possible in a number of systems including prokaryotes (e.g., E. coli) and various eukaryotes (yeast, insects, and plants). The issue then becomes, which system (1) most closely reflects the homologous expression with respect to posttranslational modifications, …

Dimarco V. Lynch Homes-Chester County, Inc.: How Far Should West Virginia Go In Extension Of Physician Liability For Transmission Of Communicable Disease, Rebecca Coffield Moore

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Specific For Tumors And Infected Cells From Mice With A Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome., Jennifer G. Erbe, Kathy A. Green, Karen M. Crassi, Herbert C. Morse, W R. Green

Dartmouth Scholarship

LP-BM5 retrovirus complex-infected C57BL/6 mice develop immunodeficiency, somewhat analogous to AIDS, termed murine AIDS (MAIDS). After secondary stimulation with syngeneic B-cell lymphomas from LP-BM5-infected mice, C57BL/6 mice produced vigorous CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for MAIDS-associated tumors. An anti-LP-BM5 specificity was suggested because spleen and lymph node cells from LP-BM5-infected mice served as target cells in competition assays, and cells from LP-BM5, but not ecotropic, virus-infected mice functioned as secondary in vitro stimulators to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes to MAIDS tumors.

Aids And The Homeless Of Boston, James J. O'Connell, Joan Lebow

New England Journal of Public Policy

Homeless persons with AIDS and HIV infection face significant health hazards during the daily struggle for survival on the streets and in the crowded shelters of our cities. This article offers a historical perspective on the evolution of the AIDS epidemic within the homeless population of Boston and examines the demographics, risk behaviors, and survival statistics of that epidemic. The Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program is presented as a model of service delivery that offers quality health care to homeless persons with AIDS while addressing the special needs of those bound by the immediacy of the next meal …

Altered Expression Of Adenovirus 12 Dna-Binding Protein But Not Dna Polymerase During Abortive Infection Of Hamster Cells, Lynne A. Lucher, Benjawan Khuntirat, Jiansheng Zhao, Peter C. Angeletti

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Replication of human adenovirus type 12 DNA is blocked in abortively infected baby hamster kidney cells. The activity and accumulation of adenovirus 12 DNA polymerase is equivalent in infected hamster and human cell extracts. However, the accumulation of adenovirus type 12 DNA-binding protein is approximately 120-fold lower in extracts from infected hamster cells when compared to infected permissive human cells. This difference in accumulation is not because of replication of viral DNA during productive infection, since this difference is observed in the presence of hydroxyurea. The DNA-binding protein from infected hamster cells retains the ability to bind denatured DNA-cellulose. An …

Fc Receptors For Igg (Fc Gamma Rs) On Human Monocytes And Macrophages Are Not Infectivity Receptors For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (Hiv-1): Studies Using Bispecific Antibodies To Target Hiv-1 To Various Myeloid Cell Surface Molecules, Including The Fc Gamma R., R I. Connor, N B. Dinces, A L. Howell, J L. Romet-Lemonne, J L. Pasquali, M W. Fanger

Dartmouth Scholarship

Fc gamma Rs (Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, and Fc gamma RIII) are highly expressed on human mononuclear phagocytes and function in the clearance of immune complexes and opsonized pathogens. We have examined the role of Fc gamma R in mediating antibody-dependent clearance of HIV-1 by human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages by using bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) to independently target the virus to Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, or Fc gamma RIII. Virus production was markedly reduced in monocytes cultured with strain HIV-1IIIB opsonized with BsAbs that target the virus to either Fc gamma RI or Fc gamma RII …

Effect Of Delays In Processing On The Survival Of Mycobacterium Avium-M. Intracellulare In The Isolator Blood Culture System., C. Fordham Von Reyn, Stephen Hennigan, Sandra Niemczyk, Nicholas J. Jacobs

Dartmouth Scholarship

Concentrations of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare ranging from 10(-1) to 10(3) CFU/ml were added to blood, placed in Isolator tubes, and held at room temperature for intervals ranging from 4 h to 56 days before being processed (centrifugation and culture on Middlebrook 7H10 agar). At all concentrations tested, M. avium-M. intracellulare was recovered after hold times ranging from 4 h to 7 days; the number of final CFU actually increased progressively for hold times of 8 h or more. Hold times of up to 7 days did not increase the time from processing to the first appearance of visible colonies. At …

Inhibition Of Growth Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Cultured Fibroblasts By Human Recombinant Gamma Interferon., E. R. Pfefferkorn, Paul M. Guyre

Dartmouth Scholarship

The growth of Toxoplasma gondii in cultured human fibroblasts was inhibited by recombinant human gamma interferon at concentrations of 8 to 16 U/ml. The interferon was titrated by observing a total inhibition of parasite plaque formation 7 days after infection. Inhibition of the growth of T. gondii in the early days after infection was measured by marked reductions in the incorporation of radioactive uracil, a precursor that can only be used by the parasites. This assay showed that when cells were pretreated with gamma interferon for 1 day and then infected, inhibition of T. gondii growth could be readily detected …

Sero-Epidemiology Of Q Fever With Special Reference To Complications In A Hospital Population Of Southern California, Ajit Singh Randhawa

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract Not Included]

Two Attempted Investigations Into The Complexities Of Staphylococcal Disease, Harriet M. Sands

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Two investigations were attempted to add insight into the multiple problems related to staphylococcal infections. A comparison study was made of the hospital expenses of a group of hospitalized patients whose apparently clean surgical wounds developed staphylococci, and a comparable group whose surgical wounds healed without infection.

A review of approximately one hundred medical records for the pilot study revealed three instances of staphylococcal infection in apparently clean surgical wounds. The three patients required 239 days of hospitalization at a total hospital cost of $13,702.11. The three comparable patients whose surgical wounds remained clean required 27 days hospitalization at a …

Evaluation Of The Photometric Assay Method To Quantitate The Bactericidal Action Of Normal And Immune Rabbit Sera On Salmonella Pullorum, Alice Margaret Rahn

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The bactericidal antibody test depends on the presence of sufficient complement, magnesium ions, and specific antibody to produce killing of certain gram negative bacilli. This study was undertaken to demonstrate whether or not Salmonella pullorum is an organism which is susceptible to this killing action.

Different amounts of test serum containing antibody, constant amounts of complement and magnesium saline diluent were placed together and held in a 37°C water bath for a one hour reaction time. During this interval, the antibody-complement system was given an opportunity to kill the susceptible bacteria. Then, a constant volume of nutrient broth was added …

Identification Of Emotional Needs Of Patients With Infectious Hepatitis, Elizabeth Tidmore Shafqat

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

It was the purpose of this study to identify the emotional needs of patients with infectious hepatitis through the use of nursing process studies. The information obtained, it was hoped, would be helpful in giving nurses better insight into the emotional needs of these patients and to give a basis for planning nursing care.

The descriptive survey was the method used; the tool, the nursing process study. Nursing care was given to six patients between the ages of 18 and 45 who had infectious hepatitis without other complications.

The nursing process studies were filled out by the investigator on each …

Replicating Single-Cycle Adenovirus Vectors Generate Amplified Influenza Vaccine Responses, Catherine M. Crosby, William E. Matchett, Stephanie S. Anguiano-Zarate, Christopher A. Parks, Eric A. Weaver, Larry R. Pease, Richard J. Webby, Michael A. Barry

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Head-to-head comparisons of conventional influenza vaccines with adenovirus (Ad) gene-based vaccines demonstrated that these viral vectors can mediate more potent protection against influenza virus infection in animal models. In most cases, Ad vaccines are engineered to be replication-defective (RD-Ad) vectors. In contrast, replication-competent Ad (RC-Ad) vaccines are markedly more potent but risk causing adenovirus diseases in vaccine recipients and health care workers. To harness antigen gene replication but avoid production of infectious virions, we developed “single-cycle” adenovirus (SC-Ad) vectors. Previous work demonstrated that SC-Ads amplify transgene expression 100-fold and produce markedly stronger and more persistent immune responses than RD-Ad vectors …