Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Multiscale Mapping Assessment Of Lake Champlain Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, Nathan Torbick, Megan Corbiere, Yu-Pin Lin

Dartmouth Scholarship

Lake Champlain has bays undergoing chronic cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms that pose a public health threat. Monitoring and assessment tools need to be developed to support risk decision making and to gain a thorough understanding of bloom scales and intensities. In this research application, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Rapid Eye, and Proba Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) images were obtained while a corresponding field campaign collected in situ measurements of water quality. Models including empirical band ratio regressions were applied to map chlorophylla and phycocyanin concentrations; all sensors performed well with R² and root-mean-square error (RMSE) ranging …

Openness To Change: Experiential And Demographic Components Of Change In Local Health Department Leaders, Emmanuel D. Jadhav, James W. Holsinger Jr., David W. Fardo

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: During the 2008-2010 economic recession, Kentucky local health department (LHD) leaders utilized innovative strategies to maintain their programs. A characteristic of innovative strategy is leader openness to change. Leader demographical research in for-profit organizations has yielded valuable insight into leader openness to change. For LHD leaders, the nature of the association between leader demographic and organizational characteristics on leader openness to change is unknown. The objectives of this study are to identify variation in openness to change by leaders' demographic and organizational characteristics and to characterize the underlying relationships.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study utilized Spearman rank correlations test …

Wdph Summer Internship Report, Samantha Arsenault

Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise

The Mosakowski Institute is working with the Worcester Division of Public Health (DPH) in an effort that merges classroom skills and real world experience to improve the health of the Greater Worcester community. During the summer of 2015, thirteen Clark students interned with the DPH working on five projects that advanced goals of the Community Health Improvement Plans in the areas of healthy eating and activing living; substance abuse and mental health; health equity and health disparities; violence prevention, and more. More information about the summer 2015 internship projects can be found in the report.

Household Bush Burning Practice And Related Respiratory Symptoms In Grenada, The Caribbean, Muge Akpinar-Elci, Kareem Coomansingh, James Blando, Larissa Mark

Center for Global Health Publications

The practice of household bush burning in Grenada occurs frequently, though it is not well documented. The effects of the emissions from bush burning on respiratory health of the population have never been researched in Grenada. The goal of the study was to measure the frequency of bush burning and to investigate the relationship between bush burning practice and respiratory health in Grenada. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was used to gather information from households in the parishes of St. George and St. Andrew, Grenada. In total, 225 participants were recruited and their responses on household bush burning and …

Sikap Remaja Terhadap Keperawanan Dan Perilaku Seksual Dalam Berpacaran, Desi Rusmiati, Sutanto Priyo Hastono

Kesmas

Laporan Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2007 dan 2012 menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan jumlah remaja yang memiliki sikap positif terhadap pentingnya mempertahankan keperawanan bagi seorang perempuan. Dari laporan yang sama juga diketahui adanya peningkatan perilaku seksual remaja dalam hal berpegangan tangan, berciuman bibir, petting, dan melakukan hubungan seksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya hubungan antara sikap remaja terhadap keperawanan dengan perilaku seksual dalam berpacaran dengan melibatkan usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, tempat tinggal, usia pertama kali pacaran, pengetahuan, dan pengaruh teman sebaya sebagai variabel perancu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan potong lintang menggunakan model faktor risiko dari …

Analisis Sif Kerja, Masa Kerja, Dan Budaya K3 Dengan Fungsi Paru Pekerja Tambang Batu Bara, Qomariyatus Sholihah, Aprizal Satria Hanafi, Wanti Wanti, Ahmad Alim Bachri, Sutarto Hadi

Kesmas

Penambangan batu bara merupakan salah satu sumber pencemaran udara berupa partikel debu batu bara yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan pernapasan bila terhirup manusia. Risiko kerja yang sering terjadi dapat berasal dari faktor pekerjaan atau perilaku pekerja sendiri, di antaranya sif kerja dan masa kerja. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan sif kerja, masa kerja, dan budaya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) dengan fungsi paru pekerja tambang batu bara. Penelitian ini merupakan desain kasus kontrol dengan jumlah masing-masing sampel untuk kasus dan kontrol sebesar 178 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober November 2014 di PT. X Kalimantan Selatan. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji …

Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi Formal Dan Hubungan Seksual Pranikah Remaja Indonesia, Anggriyani Wahyu Pinandari, Siswanto Agus Wilopo, Djauhar Ismail

Kesmas

Transisi demografi kedua akan terjadi di Indonesia dan ditandai dengan revolusi seksual dan reproduksi. Masalah potensial di masa ini adalah peningkatan perilaku seksual pranikah, kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan, infeksi menular seksual dan penyalahgunaan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi formal terhadap penundaan hubungan seksual pranikah pada remaja dan dewasa muda Indonesia. Penelitian potong lintang yang dianalisis sebagai kohort retrospektif menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Indonesia tahun 2012 (10.980 laki-laki dan 8.902 perempuan). Efek pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi formal terhadap penundaan perilaku hubungan seksual dianalisis menggunakan kurva kaplan meier, uji log-rank, dan uji chi square, sedangkan analisis …

Assessment Of Nutrition Information System Using Health Metrics Network Framework, Mochamad Iqbal Nurmansyah, Catur Rosidati, Riastuti Kusuma Wardani, Badra Al-Aufa

Kesmas

Sistem informasi gizi (Sigizi) dikembangkan oleh Direktorat Bina Gizi Kementerian Kesehatan sejak 2011. Data Sigizi mencakup data penimbangan balita di posyandu, kasus gizi buruk, cakupan pemberian tablet Fe pada ibu hamil, konsumsi garam beryodium, pemberian vitamin A, dan ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kinerja pengelolaan Sigizi di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang Selatan menggunakan kerangka Health Metrics Network yang dikeluarkan oleh WHO tahun 2008. Sigizi merupakan sistem informasi yang diaplikasikan pada tingkat nasional dengan mekanisme pelaporan berjenjang, dari 508 kabupaten/kota menuju 34 provinsi dan bermuara di tingkat nasional. Di Provinsi Banten, terdapat delapan kabupaten/kota yang menjalankan Sigizi. Informan penelitian …

Sociodemographic Factors To Dengue Hemmorrhagic Fever Case In Indonesia, Desy Nuryunarsih

Kesmas

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah penyebab utama rawat inap dan kematian pada anak-anak. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang oleh WHO dikategorikan hyperendemicity dengan empat serotipe virus tersebar di daerah perkotaan. Faktor sosiodemografi dianggap sebagai faktor pendukung terjadinya DBD di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diunduh dari Basis Data Kesehatan Provinsi tahun 2010 Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia untuk menentukan korelasi antara ketiga faktor sosiodemografi dengan insiden DBD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskripsi korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua faktor sosiodemografi terpilih memiliki korelasi linier dengan insiden DBD. Analisa regresi multivariat menunjukkan kecilnya korelasi antara insiden DBD dengan …

Penerapan Sistem Remunerasi Dan Kinerja Pelayanan, Tri Wisesa Soetisna, Dumilah Ayuningtyas, Misnaniarti Misnaniarti

Kesmas

Remuneration can influence worker`s motivation, and improve their performance. Likewise in hospital as capital-intensive, human resources-intensive as well as knowledge and technology-intensive health care institution. This study aimed to analyze employee’s perception of remuneration system implementation and adult cardiac surgery services unit’s performance at hospital. This study used a mixed method approach (quantitative and qualitative). Quantitative study design was cross-sectional using questionnaire for self-assesment. Meanwhile, qualitative study design was descriptive conducted through focus group discussion and document review on data in forms of schedule book, registration book, nursing notes and medical records. Data collection was conducted in 2013 at one …

Tradisi Dan Lingkungan Sosial Memengaruhi Dukungan Menyusui Pada Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah Di Kota Malang, Muladefi Choiriyah, Elsi Dwi Hapsari, Wiwin Lismidiati

Kesmas

Berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian bayi di dunia. World Health Organization tahun 2003 telah merekomendasikan menyusui sebagai salah satu penanganan BBLR. Namun, ibu yang memiliki bayi BBLR mengalami kesulitan di awal persalinan. Selain itu, menyusui di Indonesia juga dipengaruhi oleh sosial dan budaya yang dipercayai sehingga memengaruhi keputusan ibu untuk memilih tetap menyusui atau tidak sama sekali di periode awal postpartum. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi makna pengalaman ibu untuk tetap menyusui bayi dengan BBLR. Penelitian kualitatif ini dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Tujuh orang partisipan adalah ibu yang pernah menyusui bayi BBLR. Pengumpulan data dilakukan …

Moving Physical Activity Beyond The School Classroom: A Social-Ecological Insight For Teachers Of The Facilitators And Barriers To Students' Non-Curricular Physical Activity, Brendon Hyndman, Amanda Telford, Caroline F. Finch, Amanda C. Benson

Dr Brendon P Hyndman

Non-curricular avenues such as active play during school breaks have been established as a major source for children’s physical and cognitive development, yet there is little information for teachers on the influences affecting primary and secondary school students’ non-curricular physical activity. During this study focus groups and drawing were used to explore the broader influences on primary (n=47) and secondary (n=29) school students’ physical activity behaviour beyond the classroom. Barriers and facilitators to children’s physical activity were categorised using a multi-level social-ecological framework incorporating intrapersonal, interpersonal, physical environment and policy factors. Based on the drawings, comparisons between students’ existing play …

Moving Physical Activity Beyond The School Classroom: A Social-Ecological Insight For Teachers Of The Facilitators And Barriers To Students' Non-Curricular Physical Activity, Brendon Hyndman, Amanda Telford, Caroline F. Finch, Amanda C. Benson

Dr Brendon P Hyndman

Non-curricular avenues such as active play during school breaks have been established as a major source for children’s physical and cognitive development, yet there is little information for teachers on the influences affecting primary and secondary school students’ non-curricular physical activity. During this study focus groups and drawing were used to explore the broader influences on primary (n=47) and secondary (n=29) school students’ physical activity behaviour beyond the classroom. Barriers and facilitators to children’s physical activity were categorised using a multi-level social-ecological framework incorporating intrapersonal, interpersonal, physical environment and policy factors. Based on the drawings, comparisons between students’ existing play …

Applying Failure Modes And Effects Analysis To Public Health Models: The Breathe Easy At Home Program, Johnna S. Murphy, Margaret Reid, Amanda Ali, Laura Harrington, Megan Sandel

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured process used to identify and prioritize risks by ranking them based on severity, occurrence, and detectability. Historically, FMEA has been used within industries, including automotive and health care. This project explored the adaption of the FMEA template to a small public health program designed to improve asthma outcomes. The Breathe Easy at Home (BEAH) program is a multi-sector partnership that uses a web-based system to link clinical sites with housing code inspections and enforcement for patients with asthma.

In July and August 2014, an FMEA was conducted to uncover risks within …

Paleoepidemiology Of Intestinal Parasites And Lice In Pre-Columbian South America *, Adauto Araujo, Karl J. Reinhard, Daniela Leles, Luciana Sianto, Alena Iniguez, Martin Fugassa, Berrnardo Arriaza, Nancy Orellana, Luiz Fernando Ferreira

Karl Reinhard Publications

Some human parasites originated in prehominid ancestors in Africa. Nematode species, such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), hookworms and Trichuris trichiura are shared by humans and other close phylogenetic primates (Pan and Gorilla), showing that they infected a common ancestor to this group. When humans migrated from Africa to other continents they carried these parasites wherever climate conditions allowed parasite transmission from host to host. Other parasites, however, were acquired throughout human biological and social evolutive history when new territories were occupied. Paleoparasitology data is a valuable source to recover emergence and disappearance of parasite infections through analysis of archaeological remains. …

Diet And Parasitism At Dust Devil Cave, Karl J. Reinhard, J Richard Ambler, Magdalene Mcguffie

Karl Reinhard Publications

Human parasitism has obvious relationships to group size and composition, mobility, subsistence patterns, and rates of culture change. At their best, human endoparasites may be annoying; at their worst, some can cause death. Thus, an overall view of the parasite load of a prehistoric population can yield insights useful in interpreting past lifeways. With these thoughts in mind, we undertook a study of Desha Complex (6800-4800 B .C.) human feces recovered from Dust Devil Cave in southern Utah.

Drinking Age Increased To 25 Years In Some Parts Of India: An Ethical Perspective, Deavshri Mukherjee

Journal of Health Ethics

Alcohol consumption has always been a very well discussed public health problem in India. But the ethical aspects, with regards to the appropriate age of drinking, are what have emerged as a burning issue. Raising the minimum drinking age to 25 years in certain states of India has heated up this discussion leading to outrage and protest among youngsters across the country. Whether this decision was ethically right or wrong?

This short editorial highlights the ethical and moral aspects as per the standard ethical norms involved with this decision.

Nutrition Marketing On The Front-Of-Package: 2007-2014, Ana Elizabeth Hoffmann

Masters Theses

Objective: The objectives of this research were to describe the proportion of packaged foods with front-­‐of package nutrition marketing or marketing to children that were high in saturated fat, sodium, and/or sugar content, and to delineate changes in the proportions of these foods from 2007 to 2014.

Methods: Front-­‐of-­‐pack nutrition marketing, child marketing, and nutrient criteria from the Nutrition Facts Label on all packaged food items in a large Midwestern supermarket were recorded in 2007 (n = 5,500) and again in 2014 (n = 6,324). Products were coded as high/not high in saturated fat, sodium, and/or sugar according to agreed …

Establishing A National Shellfish Sanitation Program In The Gambia, West Africa, Michael A. Rice, Foday Conteh, Karen Kent, Brian Crawford, Banja Bamba, Fatou Janha, Ismaila Bojang

Michael A Rice

A successful national program to assure sanitary quality of molluscan shellfish requires a multi-disciplinary and multi-agency governmental training, data collection, policy development and management effort in collaboration with members of the shellfish industry. The Tanbi Wetlands and other estuaries of Gambia support shellfisheries for oysters, Crassostrea tulipa, and the senile ark, Senelia senilis, conducted by the TRY Oyster Women’s Association. With low shellfish prices and a small local market, a Gambian National Shellfish Sanitation Program (GNSSP) was begun as a means to boost consumer confidence and allow market access to Gambia’s robust seasonal international tourism trade. Gambian officials began training …

Agave Chewing And Dental Wear: Evidence From Quids, Emily E. Hammerl, Melissa A. Baier, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Agave quid chewing is examined as a potential contributing behavior to hunter-gatherer dental wear. It has previously been hypothesized that the contribution of Agave quid chewing to dental wear would be observed in communities wherever phytolith-rich desert succulents were part of subsistence. Previous analysis of coprolites from a prehistoric agricultural site, La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos in Durango, Mexico, showed that Agave was a consistent part of a diverse diet. Therefore, quids recovered at this site ought to be useful materials to test the hypothesis that dental wear was related to desert succulent consumption. The quids recovered from the …

Smoking Duration, Respiratory Symptoms, And Copd In Adults Aged ≥45 Years With A Smoking History, Yong Liu, Roy A. Pleasants, Janet B. Croft, Anne G. Wheaton, Khosrow Heidari, Ann M. Malarcher, Jill A. Ohar, Monica Kraft, David M. Mannino, Charlie Strange

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of smoking duration with respiratory symptoms and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the South Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey in 2012.

METHODS: Data from 4,135 adults aged ≥45 years with a smoking history were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression that accounted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and current smoking status, as well as the complex sampling design.

RESULTS:The distribution of smoking duration ranged from 19.2% (1-9 years) to 36.2% (≥30 years). Among 1,454 respondents who had smoked for ≥30 years, 58.3% were current …

Full-Range Public Health Leadership, Part 2: Qualitative Analysis And Synthesis, Erik L. Carlton, James W. Holsinger Jr., Martha C. Riddell, Heather Bush

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Public health leadership is an important topic in the era of U.S. health reform, population health innovation, and health system transformation. This study utilized the full-range leadership model in order to examine the public health leadership. We sought to understand local public health leadership from the perspective of local health department leaders and those who work with and for them. Public health leadership was explored through interviews and focus groups with directors (n = 4) and staff (n = 33) from local health departments. Qualitative analytic methods included reflexive journals, code-recode procedures, and member checking, with analysis facilitated …

Using Whole Genome Analysis To Examine Recombination Across Diverse Sequence Types Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Elizabeth M. Driebe, Jason W. Sahl, Chandler Roe, Jolene R. Bowers, James M. Schupp, Lance B. Price, +11 Additional Authors

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus aureus is an important clinical pathogen worldwide and understanding this organism's phylogeny and, in particular, the role of recombination, is important both to understand the overall spread of virulent lineages and to characterize outbreaks. To further elucidate the phylogeny of S. aureus, 35 diverse strains were sequenced using whole genome sequencing. In addition, 29 publicly available whole genome sequences were included to create a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic tree encompassing 11 distinct lineages. All strains of a particular sequence type fell into the same clade with clear groupings of the major clonal complexes of CC8, CC5, …

What Matters Most For Children: Influencing Inequality At The Start Of Life, Eboni C. Howard

Mickey Leland Center Information Portal

This paper provides an overview of the science of early childhood and summarizes the disparities and the opportunity gaps stemming from inequalities. It also describes categories of programs, services and policies for children birth to age 3 that might affect the extent of inequality and provide supportive early life experiences.

Vaginal Douching And Racial/Ethnic Disparities In Phthalates Exposures Among Reproductive-Aged Women: National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2004, Francesca Branch, Tracey J. Woodruff, Susanna D. Mitro, Ami R. Zota

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) are industrial chemicals found in consumer products that may increase risk of adverse health effects. Although use of personal care/beauty products is known to contribute to phthalate exposure, no prior study has examined feminine hygiene products as a potential phthalate source. In this study, we evaluate whether vaginal douching and other feminine hygiene products increase exposure to phthalates among US reproductive-aged women.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study on 739 women (aged 20–49) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2004 to examine the association between self-reported use of …

Optimal Exposure Biomarkers For Nonpersistent Chemicals In Environmental Epidemiology, Antonia M. Calafat, Matthew P. Longnecker, Holger M. Koch, Shanna H. Swan, Russ Hauser, Lynn R. Goldman, +7 Additional Authors

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

We discuss considerations that are essential when evaluating exposure to nonpersistent, semivolatile environmental chemicals such as phthalates and phenols (e.g., bisphenol A). A biomarker should be chosen to best represent usual personal exposures and not recent, adventitious, or extraneous exposures. Biomarkers should be selected to minimize contamination arising from collection, sampling, or analysis procedures. Pharmacokinetics should be considered; for example, nonpersistent, semivolatile chemicals are metabolized quickly, and urine is the compartment with the highest concentrations of metabolites. Because these chemicals are nonpersistent, knowledge of intraindividual reliability over the biologic window of interest is also required. In recent years researchers have …

Intermingled Klebsiella Pneumoniae Populations Between Retail Meats And Human Urinary Tract Infections, Gregg S. Davis, Kara Waits, Lora Nordstrom, Brett Weaver, Maliha Aziz, Lance B. Price, +8 Additional Authors

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract of humans, companion animals, and livestock. To better understand potential contributions of foodborne K. pneumoniae to human clinical infections, we compared K. pneumoniae isolates from retail meat products and human clinical specimens to assess their similarity based on antibiotic resistance, genetic relatedness, and virulence.

Methods. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from retail meats from Flagstaff grocery stores in 2012 and from urine and blood specimens from Flagstaff Medical Center in 2011–2012. Isolates underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was assessed using multilocus sequence typing …

Neurological, Nutritional And Cognitive Effects Of Environmental Lead Exposure In Infants And Children, Melissa Bianchi

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Environmental lead exposure is a pertinent public health risk that affects our rural population in Wyandot County, Ohio. Children exposed to lead hazards through toys, home remodeling and contaminated soil and water are at a greater risk for developing neurological, cognitive and behavioral issues than are children not exposed to lead (Cecil et al., 2011). Wyandot County parents are not adequately educated on the risks and consequences of elevated blood lead levels in their children. As a child advocate and director of the Women, Infant and Children program for Wyandot County there is an obligation to educate and inform parents …

Historical Differences In School Term Length And Measured Blood Pressure: Contributions To Persistent Racial Disparities Among Us- Born Adults, Sze Yan Liu, Jennifer J. Manly, Benjamin D. Capistrant, M. Maria Glymour

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Introduction
Legally mandated segregation policies dictated significant differences in the educational experiences of black and white Americans through the first half of the 20th century, with markedly lower quality in schools attended by black children. We determined whether school term length, a common marker of school quality, was associated with blood pressure and hypertension among a cohort of older Americans who attended school during the de jure segregation era.
Methods
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I and II data were linked to state-level historical information on school term length. We used race and gender-stratified linear regression models adjusted for …

The Associations Between Environmental Quality And Preterm Birth In The United States, 2000–2005: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Kristen M. Rappazzo, Lynne C. Messer, Jyotsna S. Jagai, Christine L. Gray, Shannon C. Grabich, Danelle T. Lobdell

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Many environmental factors have been independently associated with preterm birth (PTB). However, exposure is not isolated to a single environmental factor, but rather to many positive and negative factors that co-occur. The environmental quality index (EQI), a measure of cumulative environmental exposure across all US counties from 2000—2005, was used to investigate associations between ambient environment and PTB.

Methods: With 2000–2005 birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics for the United States (n = 24,483,348), we estimated the association between increasing quintiles of the EQI and county-level and individual-level PTB; we also considered environmental domain-specific (air, …