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Articles 1 - 30 of 90
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Possible Causes Of Preeclampsia And Potential Treatments, Helene Weinreb
Possible Causes Of Preeclampsia And Potential Treatments, Helene Weinreb
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Its symptoms are well-defined, but the pathophysiology is not fully understood. This paper analyzes several of the most credible causes of this syndrome and attempts to relate these to the known risk factors. Current preeclampsia treatments are examined, and special focus is given to novel experimental treatments which offer hope of ending preeclampsia and eclampsia.
Pathogenic Mechanisms Of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Or Broken Heart Syndrome, Devorah Leah Borisute
Pathogenic Mechanisms Of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Or Broken Heart Syndrome, Devorah Leah Borisute
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a temporary heart-wall motion abnormality with the clinical presentation of a myocardial infarction. Found predominantly in postmenopausal women, TTC most often appears with apical ballooning and mid-ventricle hypokinesis. Often induced by an emotional or physical stress, TTC is reversible and excluded as a diagnosis in patients with acute plaque rupture and obstructive coronary disease. The transient nature and positive prognosis of this cardiomyopathy leaves a dilemma as to what precipitates it. This paper explores the theories of the pathogenesis of TTC including coronary artery spasm, microvascular dysfunction, and catecholamine excess. A thorough analysis of the pathogenesis …
Is Detection Of Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease Possible?, Shana Brawer
Is Detection Of Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease Possible?, Shana Brawer
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Association Between Type Of Fat And The Risk Of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases, Dovid Leib Glassner
The Association Between Type Of Fat And The Risk Of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases, Dovid Leib Glassner
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Objective: To determine the significance of various types of dietary fat in the progression of atherosclerosis leading to heart disease. Methods: Study inclusion criteria constituted relevance to the discussion topic and peer reviewed literature. Age of the published material was taken into account as well, with greater preference being given to more recent research as the topic of nutrition and its relation to chronic disease remains an emerging science. Results: This research review found an overall significant relationship between the type (monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated and trans-fat) of dietary fat intake and the incidence of cardiovascular disease. While earlier research identified …
Are Contact Lenses An Effective Vehicle For Ocular-Disease Drug Delivery?, Chana Haimowitz
Are Contact Lenses An Effective Vehicle For Ocular-Disease Drug Delivery?, Chana Haimowitz
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Due to numerous drawbacks with current modes of treatment for various ocular diseases, researchers are synthesizing drug dispensing contact lenses. The lenses will contribute to greater bioavailability of the drug, the minimization of negative side effects, and increased patient compliance. As treatment for glaucoma, in vivo studies have been conducted with latanoprost, timolol maleate, and brimonidine tartrate-eluting lenses, and have succeeded in reducing intraocular pressure to desired values (Ciolino et al., 2016), (Schultz and Mint, 2002). As treatment for fungal keratitis, in vitro studies prove that econazole and natamycin-eluting contact lenses have been successful in killing 100% of fungi for …
The Impacts Of Childhood Obesity On Adult Health And Quality Of Life, Miriam Weinstock
The Impacts Of Childhood Obesity On Adult Health And Quality Of Life, Miriam Weinstock
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Obesity has emerged as one of the most preeminent concerns of the modern era. Thirty six percent of our country’s citizens are classified as obese and six percent qualify as extremely obese. Developing obesity as an adult is fairly common, but countless studies have shown a direct correlation between childhood obesity and remaining severely overweight as an adult. Aside from the physical and aesthetic discomfort of maintaining superfluous girth, the health hazards threatening the obese population are extremely discomfiting. The enormity of the issue requires extensive study so that society can educate themselves of the dangers and how to prevent …
Do Antibiotics In Early Life Contribute To Obesity?, Shimon Kadosh
Do Antibiotics In Early Life Contribute To Obesity?, Shimon Kadosh
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
In recent years, science has made great strides in its understanding of the microbiome, discovering that it plays a role in regulating many body processes. One area of study is the microbiomes interaction and influence on host metabolic processes. Studies using both mice and humans have established a clear correlation between obesity and the composition of the microbiome, identifying a microbiome unique to obese individuals. Furthermore, experiments with germ-free mice have shown that the microbiome effects host metabolism, causing germ free mice to increase in mass when inoculated with normal microbiota. Inoculation with microbiota from obese mice yielded greater increases …
Repurposing Diabetes Drugs To Treat Insulin Resistance In Alzheimer’S Disease, Yael Lazarus
Repurposing Diabetes Drugs To Treat Insulin Resistance In Alzheimer’S Disease, Yael Lazarus
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition which results in a significant decline in cognitive status. Novel treatment approaches for Alzheimer’s are sorely needed, as current medications for the disease offer only marginal clinical benefit. Research has discovered a connection between the pathology of Alzheimer’s and Type 2 Diabetes, two serious and seemingly unrelated disorders. Clinical studies have shown that Alzheimer’s disease is associated with brain insulin resistance similar to the pathology of Type 2 Diabetes. This observation has led to the notion that drugs developed for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes may be beneficial in modifying the cognitive function …
Molecular Mechanisms Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Abraham Bordon
Molecular Mechanisms Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Abraham Bordon
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Alzheimer’s disease was first discovered in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer. It is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the buildup of toxic amyloid plaque and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which results in the progressive loss of cognitive function and memory. Since its discovery, the disease has become a growing health concern, particularly in the developed world, where the ageing demographics have contributed to an increase in its prevalence and incidence. The earliest research into the disease focused on neurochemical analyses and resulted in the formulation of the cholinergic hypothesis. The mechanism of disease was explained as the degeneration of the cholinergic system …
Possible Causes Of Alzheimer’S Disease Related Amyloid-Β Plaques And Neurofibrillary Tangles, Rochelle Rubenstein
Possible Causes Of Alzheimer’S Disease Related Amyloid-Β Plaques And Neurofibrillary Tangles, Rochelle Rubenstein
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Alzheimer’s disease is a major cause of dementia in the elderly and is a global health concern. However, researchers are not sure what causes the characteristic amyloid-β plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Several model mechanisms have been proposed to answer this question. This paper examines three of these possibilities. Research suggests that a particular allele of the apoE gene is responsible for the neurodegeneration found in Alzheimer’s disease. Another hypothesis is that the mechanism of Alzheimer’s is related to prion-mediated protein misfolding. Other studies indicate that certain environmental factors can cause the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s. Specifically, this …
Should Genetic Testing Be Recommended For Long Qt Syndrome Patients And Their Relatives?, Menachem Braun
Should Genetic Testing Be Recommended For Long Qt Syndrome Patients And Their Relatives?, Menachem Braun
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Relationship Between Periodontitis And Cardiovascular Disease, Jonathan Krupka
The Relationship Between Periodontitis And Cardiovascular Disease, Jonathan Krupka
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease has been the subject of much research in recent years. The aim of this study is to review and analyze the relevant literature regarding this relationship, with an emphasis on determining a presence of periodontal bacteria from the periodontal pocket in atheromatous plaques, and to explore the biological role of inflammatory mechanisms that may link periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. Although there seems to be conflicting reports, the overall consensus confirms the presence of periodontal bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, in atheromatous plaques. Additionally, the presence of systemic markers of cardiovascular disease in …
Is Gene Therapy A Viable Option For Cancer Treatment?, Aliza Applebaum
Is Gene Therapy A Viable Option For Cancer Treatment?, Aliza Applebaum
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The use of gene therapy as a medical treatment option was first introduced to the world in 1990, when a four-year-old girl became its first patient. Since then gene therapy has met great success but also severe drawback. Incidences with severely negative outcomes on patients gave gene therapy a bad name and many began skeptical towards its use, but the constant work and progress on the safety and effectiveness of gene therapy is making it a more viable route of treatment. This paper focuses on gene therapy as a form of cancer treatment. Viral insertion of the modified genetic material …
Luteinizing Hormone And Alzheimer’S Disease: Impact And Possibilities Of Treatment, Rachel Walkin
Luteinizing Hormone And Alzheimer’S Disease: Impact And Possibilities Of Treatment, Rachel Walkin
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease that is the 6th leading cause of death in the United States. An estimated 5 million Americans are afflicted nationwide and the cost to the economy is valued at 259 billion dollars. Additionally, unlike other major causes of death in the United States, there is no treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease and it is strongly tied to aging. In most cases symptoms make their first appearance in the late 60’s and gradually worsen, eventually leading to a loss of cognitive function and death. The two outstanding changes in the …
Effects Of Moderate Intake Of Alcohol On Coronary Heart Disease, Eli Derdik
Effects Of Moderate Intake Of Alcohol On Coronary Heart Disease, Eli Derdik
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The french paradox is caused by an inconsistency with scientific experimentation: The French have a very high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, which is associated with coronary heart disease, yet they have un-commensurately low levels of deaths due to this disease. It has been proposed that alcohol, as a part of the French diet, is the factor that helps decrease the risk of heart disease in the French population by 20-30%. Research has been gathered from many medical journals to create a larger and more accurate perspective to determine if alcohol has any effect on coronary heart disease. Experiments …
Most Efficient Methods To Treat Breast Cancer, Esther Ehrman
Most Efficient Methods To Treat Breast Cancer, Esther Ehrman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Breast cancer is rampant in today’s world. Because there are many different cases and so many different ways to classify breast cancer, a multidisciplinary approach must be taken. Many patients undergo breast conserving surgery which creates a need for the eradication of any remaining tumor residue through radiation. Fifty Gy of radiation should be applied to the breast with an additional 16 Gy as a boost. If a mastectomy is performed to remove a large tumor and 4 or more positive lymph nodes were present, radiation should be applied as well. If the tumor expresses HER2 protein, Trastuzumab should be …
Is There A Link Between Zika Virus And Microcephaly In Neonates?, Yuliya Salanovich
Is There A Link Between Zika Virus And Microcephaly In Neonates?, Yuliya Salanovich
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
With Zika virus spreading worldwide, a lot of attention is drawn to researching its pathogenesis and etiology. It has also been noticed by various research groups and such health agencies such as CDC and WHO that there might be a connection between ZIKV and microcephaly, due to the spiking number of cases of microcephaly reported in areas with affected patients. Temporal and geographical data from the affected ZIKV areas, including Brazil and French Polynesia, suggests a connection between microcephaly and the virus. Tests of amniotic fluids of pregnant women with reported Zika virus infection and microcephalic fetuses revealed the presence …
Is Deep Brain Stimulation A Viable Treatment For Parkinson’S Disease?, Brocha Gold
Is Deep Brain Stimulation A Viable Treatment For Parkinson’S Disease?, Brocha Gold
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Treatment options for those suffering from Parkinson’s Disease are as diverse as its symptoms. With the advent of modern technology there are new and innovative treatments that are becoming available, such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). Prior to exploring treatment options one must understand the various causes of the disease. Treatment of the various motor and non-motor symptoms can include a combination of medication and surgical therapies. Among surgical interventions DBS is the treatment of choice. It has the fewest side effects and provides the greatest symptomatic relief.
Stem Cell Therapy And Macular Degeneration, Brenda Stern
Stem Cell Therapy And Macular Degeneration, Brenda Stern
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in Americans sixty years and older. Currently, it is an incurable disease. Stem cell therapy is the idea of transplanting stem cells to replace damaged cells in the body. As the demand for transplantable organs far outweighs the supply, stem cells are an encouraging alternative to replace damaged cells. Can stem cell therapy be the first cure for macular degeneration? Many experiments have been done on transplanting stem cells into the eyes of rats with macular degeneration yielding promising results. The first transplantation of retinal pigmented epithelial stem cells into humans …
Crispr/Cas9 As A Therapeutic Approach To Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Abraham Daniel Levitman
Crispr/Cas9 As A Therapeutic Approach To Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Abraham Daniel Levitman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Transhumanism, designer babies, gene therapy, and super-soldiers are founded upon the same concept—genetic engineering. Clustered Regularly-Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is a natural bacterial immune response method that takes advantage of gene manipulation to prevent an infection from mobile genetic elements. Since Mojica et al. (2005) first suggested the relationship between the CRISPR/Cas system and prokaryotic immunity, significant advancements have been made in understanding the mechanism and subsequent applications of CRISPR. CRISPR, has three main subtypes based on unique proteins and interference pathways and serves as an accurate and effective method for gene editing. Its mechanism consists of spacer acquisition, …
Treatment Options For Skin And Soft Tissue Infections Caused By Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Renee Weinberg
Treatment Options For Skin And Soft Tissue Infections Caused By Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Renee Weinberg
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen responsible for common skin infections, such as impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis, and abscess and it is the most common cause for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). Humans are carriers of this microorganism and are responsible for facilitating its spread around the world. Over time it has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, such as penicillin and methicillin, which has made S. aureus a persistent problem in the healthcare world today. Its methicillin resistance has given it the more commonly known name methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA was initially discovered solely in the healthcare environment and thus …
Phage Therapy As A Mrsa Treatment, Miriam Sussman
Phage Therapy As A Mrsa Treatment, Miriam Sussman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
This paper seeks to review how previous research on bacteriophage therapy can be utilized to improve the treatment of MRSA infections. Due to the growing phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, scientists are looking to utilize the natural antibacterial qualities of bacterial viruses called phages to fight MRSA infections. In order to improve the therapeutic methods of combatting MRSA, one must first understand the mechanics of how phages infect bacterial cells and lyse them with their proteins. The narrow host range of bacteriophages causes the infection of only the pathogenic bacteria and maintains the state of the normal flora. Research suggests that …
Mechanism Of Fecal Bacteriotherapy In Treating Clostridium Difficile Infection And Gi Tract Disorders, Rivka Steinberg
Mechanism Of Fecal Bacteriotherapy In Treating Clostridium Difficile Infection And Gi Tract Disorders, Rivka Steinberg
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Clostridium difficile infection, an increasingly prevalent and virulent condition, is often resistant to treatment. Standard antibiotic therapy is rarely efficient when used to treat recurrent C. difficile infection. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a safe, effective and inexpensive treatment that has a cure rate of about 90%, according to clinical trials and reports. This approach may also be applicable in treating ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease, on the basis of the restoration of flora imbalances. Additionally, recent data suggests that a disproportion in composition of the gut microbiome may contribute to obesity. FMT, may restore a healthy …
The Rehabilitative Potential Of Auditory To Visual Sensory Substitution Devices For The Blind, Naomi Perl
The Rehabilitative Potential Of Auditory To Visual Sensory Substitution Devices For The Blind, Naomi Perl
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Living with a sensory impairment is challenging, and those who have lost the use of one sensory modality need to find ways to deal with numerous problems encountered in daily life. When vision is lost, these challenges include navigation through space, finding objects, recognizing people or surroundings, reading or even communicating without access to nonverbal signs provided by others such as eye gaze or facial expressions. Nevertheless, the blind manage to function efficiently in their environment, often to a surprisingly high degree. The key to this amazing phenomenon lies in the plasticity of the brain and the connections it makes …
Assessment Of Three Acute Responses To Traumatic Brain Injury, Shoshana Fireworker
Assessment Of Three Acute Responses To Traumatic Brain Injury, Shoshana Fireworker
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Traumatic brain injury has a devastating effect on millions worldwide each year. As yet, there are no methods which have been proven to improve recovery from the trauma. Current treatment protocols revolve around reducing secondary insult, such as hypoxia, hypotension, and cerebral edema, which raises intracranial pressure. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of three responses to traumatic brain injury. Two of them, the administration of hypertonic saline and the administration of progesterone, are pharmacologic, while the third, the performance of a decompressive craniectomy, is surgically invasive. A number of original studies have been analyzed to …
Active Immunotherapy And Adoptive Cell Transfer As An Effective Cancer Treatment, Philip Jay Cynamon
Active Immunotherapy And Adoptive Cell Transfer As An Effective Cancer Treatment, Philip Jay Cynamon
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
There are many ways to fight cancer using the body’s own immune system. Some methods include the administration of vaccines while others involve stimulatory factors injected near tumors. One promising method is enlisting the help of T cells. To fight cancer effectively, T cells must be able to recognize cancerous antigens and the environment in which these T cells reside must be conducive to their function, survival, and proliferation. This paper discusses a method of providing such an environment called adoptive cell transfer, as well as the elements that effect this protocol and the ways in which the environment can …
Human Animal Chimeras For Therapeutic Protocols, Bracha Sklar
Human Animal Chimeras For Therapeutic Protocols, Bracha Sklar
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Research on humans is limited, therefore human animal chimeras have been used to study human systems. A Human animal chimera is an animal containing animal and human cell lines. The primary goal of human animal chimera research is to establish an animal with human cellular characters, which can and should more realistically be able to imitate as closely as possible the in vivo situations in humans. This research is very important, because it allows scientists to study human systems in vivo using a humanized animal model. However ethical issues arise when experimenting with humans and animals being mixed together. Using …
The Mechanisms Of Weight Gain In Sleep-Deprived Individuals, Chaya Rosen
The Mechanisms Of Weight Gain In Sleep-Deprived Individuals, Chaya Rosen
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The obese population in America has grown during the last century. During these years as well, American’s have been sleeping less. Cross sectional studies show that there is a correlation of the two factors, and indeed find a greater number of overweight individuals amongst the sleep-deprived population. Though they are unclear, studies attempt to establish possible mechanisms through which weight gain occurs. Results of studies show that sleep deprivation may influence leptin and ghrelin levels, which can cause hunger, and excessive caloric intake. Sleep-deprived individuals also have an increased opportunity to eat during the wakeful nighttime hours. In the sleep-restricted …
Is The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Tamiflu Effective In The Treatment Of Influenza?, Eliyakim Hershkop
Is The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Tamiflu Effective In The Treatment Of Influenza?, Eliyakim Hershkop
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Influenza is a disease that has caused the deaths of tens of millions people in the last century alone. The influenza neuraminidase protein is essential in the mechanism infection. It enables the virus to leave the infected cell and proliferate. Antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor drugs can be used for treatment. The drug Tamiflu is the standard of care for both treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. The Cochrane reports of 2009 and 2014 conclude that evidence is lacking to support this. Numerous bodies disagree. Cochrane also question the accuracy and credibility of many studies and agencies in support of Tamiflu. This paper …
Biological Therapy In The Treatment Of Ulcerative Colitis, Tzipora Glanzman
Biological Therapy In The Treatment Of Ulcerative Colitis, Tzipora Glanzman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a subdivision of inflammatory bowel disease, is a chronic disease of the large intestines. Ulcerative colitis is normally a lifelong chronic illness with times of intense flairs and remission. During a flare, the lining of the colon becomes inflamed, and develops small ulcers causing patients to experience rectal bleeding, vomiting, anemia and diarrhea. The treatment options available to treat colitis are very small, causing many patients to need a total colectomy with in the first five years of their diagnosis. However, recent advancement in bio-technology has led to the development of a large array of new therapeutic …