Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Ultrafiltration: Retentate-Permeate Partitioning Of Milk Constituents, Eric Douglas Bastian

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of ultrafiltration, diafiltration, and preacidification of milk on the partition of specific milk components between retentate and permeate was studied. Percent retention (for any component Y) was determined as:

[1 - (%Y in soln. permeate/%Y in soln. retentate)] X 100 where %Y in soln. = [%Y / (%Y + %H₂O)]

Simultaneous samples of retentate and permeate were taken at several points during each process. Percent retention of total solids, fat, total protein, rennet clottable nitrogen, lactose, total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, phosphorous, and riboflavin was determined at each sampling point. Percent retention of β-carotene, vitamin B …

Nutritional Intake And Physical Activity Of An Adult Population With Diabetes Mellitus Using The Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Pump, Teresa Jean Matheny

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study described three days of dietary intake, physical activity, and glycemic control in 14 female and eight male adult diabetics using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII). Changes in weight after initiation of CSII were also described.

Dietary intakes were analyzed using the NUTREDFO computer program then compared to established standards. Both sexes had mean intakes of zinc, folate, vitamin B₆, and magnesium below the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA, 1980) for age and sex. Female consumption of iron and total calories consumed were also below recommendations. When dietary intakes were analyzed on a nutrient per 1,000 kcal basis …

Manufacture Of White Soft Cheese From Ultrafiltered Whole Milk Retentate, Khalid Mohamed Shammet

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Manufacture of white soft cheese from ultrafiltered whole cows• milk involved acidification of pasteurized homogenized whole milk to pH 6.0 with phosphoric or citric acid. The preacidified milk was ultrafiltered at 54 °C until 60% of original milk weight was removed as permeate, diafiltered with deionized water equal to 38.5% of the original milk and concentrated by UF (4.8 fold) to pre-cheese (38% total solid). The pre-cheese was heated to 76.7°C/16 sec, 71 .l°C/l6 sec (HTST) and 7l.l°C/l5 min (controlled water bath), inoculated with 2% starter culture (Streptococcus cremoris), renneted (10 ml/100 lb retentate) and placed in one …

Evaluation And Improvement Of Coagulation Properties Of Milk For Manufacturing, Leslie M. Okigbo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A rugged and sensitive instrument "Vatimer" was developed to evaluate the coagulation properties of milk in cheese vats. Microvolt signals from the instrument varied with standing-wave motion of milk, forces arising from coagulation, curd firming, curd syneresis and also clean-in-place spray forces. Curd firmness at cutting varied three to four fold in commercial Cheddar cheesemaking operations.

The Formagraph instrument was used to select individual cow milk samples with good and poor chymosin-coagulation characteristics from the Utah State University Holstein herd. Blending 50% good-, and 50% poor-coagulating samples did not improve average coagulation properties of poor samples. Higher chymosin concentration caused …

Protein Recovery And Coagulation Properties Of Commercial And Fractionated Milk Clotting Enzymes, Khalida A. Shaker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Protein recovery and coagulation properties of five commercial and fractionated milk clotting enzymes were studied. The fractionated enzymes were Sephadex G-100 fractions of the commercial enzymes. Milk clotting activity of each fraction was tested using Berridge substrate. All fractions from each preparation which had milk clotting activity as measured with the Formagraph were collected and pooled. These samples and the original enzyme preparations were used to coagulate milk. Percent of protein lost in whey was determined by Kjeldahl. Coagulation was followed using a spectrophotometer monitoring changes in apparent absorbance at 600 nm. Curd protein yields using the five original enzyme …

Survival Of Porcine Pepsin During Cheddar Cheese Making And Its Effect On Casein During Cheese Ripening, Gheyath H. Majeed

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A modification of a linear diffusion test for measuring milk clotting enzymes at concentrations of 1 x 10^-4 to 1 x 10^-1 chymosin units/ ml was developed to permit quantitative assay of porcine pepsin in Cheddar cheese with a standard deviation of 6%. The amount of porcine pepsin retained in Cheddar cheese curd was dependent on pH of milk at setting. Milk at pH 6.6, 6.4, 6.2, and 6.0 was set with porcine pepsin, acidified with lactic acid and glucono-~-lactone and made into Cheddar cheese. After pressing the corresponding curd contained 0, 3.64+0 .12 %, 4.79+0.52%, and 5.94+0.30% …

Meltability And Rheology Of Model Process Cheese Containing Acid And Rennet Casein, Paul Alexander Savello

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Process cheese models were prepared by blending acid or rennet casein, milk fat, sodium chloride, 2.5% emulsifying salt and water and heating to 80 C. Acid casein cheese models were subjected to sodium hydroxide conditioning at 65 C in the cooker. Model process cheeses were acidified with lactic acid and treated by addition of undenatured and heat-denatured whey protein, four different emulsifying salts and sodium oxalate.

Meltability and toughness of the model cheese increased to a maximum with increased sodium hydroxide conditioning of acid casein to pH 7.20. These same properties decreased with addition of undenatured and heat-denatured whey protein …

Bioavailability Of Calcium, Fluoride And Iron In Mechanically-Deboned Beef Fed To Growing Rats, Kathryn Mclaughlin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Weanling rats were fed diets containing raw lyophylized hand-deboned shank beef (HDS) supplemented with CaCO₃, retorted lyophylized mechanically deboned shank beef (MDS), or raw lyophylized MDS. Ca in the latter two diets originated from bone during the mechanical deboning process. Ca absorption, Ca retention, bone weight, and bone breaking strength were similar for comparative dietary levels of Ca regardless of the source. Bone ash and Ca content was significantly higher (P < .05) in the MDS 393 (3.93 g Ca/kg diet) diet and in the retorted MDS 460 diet compared with the HDS 488 diet. Relative biological values for the MDS diets calculated relative to the HDS diets ranged from 102 to 132 when the linear regression of Ca consumed, Ca retained, or dietary Ca level vs bone ash or bone Ca content was obtained. The retorted MDS 460 diet contained the highest Fe level and exhibited a lower percent absorption, terminal hemoglobin level, and liver Fe storage. Humerus F content increased as dietary F (also present from bone) level increased. Dietary F level did not determine humerus breaking strength.

Isolation Of Bacteriophage Resistant Lactic Culture Strains With Known Temperature Sensitivity, Luna Ying-Chung Jeng

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Seven strains of Streptococcus cremoris and Streptococcus lactis were tested for temperature sensitivity on a temperature gradient bar. A temperature of 37 C was the optimum for differentiating between temperature-sensitive and insensitive strains. Temperature-insensitive strains produced cell masses with absorbance values of 0.1 or higher and activity levels of 1.0 (expressed as a decrease in pH) or above at 37 C. Temperature-sensitive strains failed to produce these cell masses and activity levels.

Strain selection and resistant-mutant isolation made it possible to identify ten strains of Streptococci sufficiently free of phage sensitivity for use in a cheese plant rotation program. These …

The Incidence Of Lactose Malabsorption Among Cache Valley Young Adults, Eileen Donna Cowles

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-four young adults, ages 18 to 30, from Cache Valley were studied to determine the incidence of lactose malabsorption. Lactose malabsorption was determined by a two-hour oral lactose tolerance test. The criteria for a malabsorber was a flat glucose curve in which there was a rise in serum glucose less than 20 mg. per 100 ml. above the fasting level. Four of the subjects were found to be lactose malabsorbers. The incidence of lactose malabsorption was determined to be 16.67 per cent. A 95 per cent confidence interval for this study indicated that the actual percentage could be expected to …

Effects Of Social And Demographic Characteristics, Knowledge Of Coronary Heart Disease And Dietary Practices On The Level Of Serum Cholesterol, Wendy Whanghea Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of coronary heart disease and behavior variables on blood cholesterol concentration among 218 selected subjects in northern Utah communities.

The data were obtained from physicians' medical charts and a survey specifically designed for this study. A model was developed from an intensive review of literature and the current state of theoretical and empirical knowledge and was tested by means of path analysis. The model contained fourteen variables including familial coronary heart disease heredity, sex, age, the presence of disease(s), educational attainment, special dietary regimen, occupation, knowledge …

The Effect Of High Protein, Low Pyridoxine Diet On Calcium Retention In Rats, Julia S. Bottom

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of increasing the dietary protein and pyridoxine level on calcium balance and bone strength was studied in growing and adult rats. The loss of calcium due to urinary excretion of o-phosphoryl-ethanolamine on a high protein diet was also examined.

Three studies were conducted. In the first adult male rats were fed 40% protein diets with high or low pyridoxine or a low protein, low pyridoxine diet. Calcium balance and femur bending stress were determined. In the second study male weanling rats were given either 10 or 63% protein with 0.40 or 0.73% pyridoxine. Calcium and phosphorous balances were …

Determination Of Optimum Quality In Ground Turkey Formulation, Juntip Chongdarakul

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ground turkey samples were prepared with different fat levels, fat types, percent mechanically deboned meat and grind. All samples were analyzed at three different time-intervals. Samples were evaluated by chemical, sensory, and physical measurements, in term of stability, water content, fat content, press fluid, water loss, flavor, texture, and hedonic values. Significant differences were determined by analysis of variance.

Coarse ground (5/8") samples showed significantly higher TBA numbers, fat content, total loss, and juiciness. Water content, flavor scores, amount of press fluid, texture scores, and hedonic scores were lower when compared to the fine and medium ground samples.

Results of …

Proteolytic Enzymes Of Lactic Streptococci And Their Use In Improving Body And Texture Of Direct Acid Cottage Cheese, Gulamnabi Y. Vahora

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Proteolytic activity of Streptococcus cremoris HP, P₂ and AM₂; Streptococcus lactis-C₂, ML₈ and a commercial mixed culture was determined in skimmilk and whey by measuring the increase in Absorbency at 274.5 nm of a pH 4.6 soluble filtrate, following incubation in a 2.5% casein solution. Proteolytic activity, rate of acid production and growth rate decreased in order of C₂, HP, mixed culture, AM₂, ML₈ and P₂ at a regulated pH (6.1 - 6.2) and 32 C. Maximum proteolytic activity for all cultures was found during the stationary …

Antibody Production Of Rats Fed Diets Of Varying Nutrient Density, Radharukmani

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Available evidence indicated that the deficiency of a specific nutrient in the diets adversely affect antibody production from a mild to severe degree. Studies of the effects of diet partially deficient in various essential nutrients on antibody response is meagre.

Twelve groups of weanling rats were fed with diets prepared by diluting the basal diet with 0 to 75 percent sucrose for 46 days and their antibody response was measured on the 28th, 40th and 46th day using Salmonella pullorum as the antigen. The rats fed the diet containing 75 percent sucrose and 25 percent basal diet had mean antibody …

Eating Quality Of Beef: Influence Of Cooking Method; Sires; Mineral (Fe, Mg, Zn, Na, K, And P), Lipid, And Nitrogen Content, Elisabeth E. Ream

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The influence on eating quality of beef of cooking method, sires, mineral (Fe, Mg, Zn, Na, K, and P), lipid, and nitrogen content was determined by objective measurements, sensory evaluations, cooking losses, and chemical analysis. Two adjacent arm and two adjacent rib roasts from 18 Herford animals were used. The arm and rib (sixth to eighth ribs) roasts were deboned, cut in half, and randomly assigned to the conventional or electronic ovens for dry roasting to the medium-rare stage (145 F, 147 F). Roasts of the ninth to twelfth ribs were dry-roasted in a meat research oven at 325 F …

The Effects Of Telone And Related Compounds On The Synthesis And Degradation Of Carotenoids In Plants, David L. Berry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The incorporation of 3-¹⁴C-,B-hydroxy-, B-methylglutaric acid (HMG) vii into carotenoids of excised etiolated maize shoots, crude cell free extracts and soluble extracts (20, 000 x g) of maize was investigated. HMG was effectively incorporated into carotenoids of excised shoots, crude extracts and soluble extracts. The excised shoots, crude extracts and soluble extracts incorporated 2-¹⁴C-mevalonic acid (MVA) into carotenoids as well. The results indicated the presence of HMG-CoA reductase in the plant as well as an HMG activating enzyme. The soluble extract showed a pH optimum of 7. 0 for incorporation of HMG into …

Certain Changes In Chemical Composition Of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) Stored In Controlled Atmosphere, Don Jeng Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of four different combinations of treatments and storage; i.e., controlled atmosphere (2.5 percent O₂ and 2.5 percent CO₂), controlled atmosphere in combination with phaltan (1,000 ppm), controlled atmosphere with packaging in polyethylene bags, controlled atmosphere with phaltan and packaging in polyethylene bags, as well as conventional refrigeration, on the chemical composition of lettuce heads (Cultivar "Great Lakes") during 75 days of storage. Analyses of total sugars, starch, reducing sugars, total organic acids, free amino acids, soluble proteins, pH, titratable acidity, and total carotenes were made on the fifteenth, thirtieth, …

The Influence Of Various Energy Sources On Microbial Protein Synthesis From Biuret As Determined By Artificial Rumen Fermentation, Jenny Eggleston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Barley, cornstarch, crested wheatgrass, glucose, molasses and solka floc were fermented with rumen fluid obtained from sheep that were adapted or unadapted to feed grade biuret (Kedlor) in their diet. Each rumen fluid and substrate combination was subjected to three nitrogen treatments: (1) control, (2) nitrogen added as feed grade biuret and (3) reagent grade biuret in a factoral arrangement of treatments. In vitro fermentations were terminated at 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours and the protein nitrogen insoluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was determined.

Molasses and cornstarch fermentation residues increased while barley, crested wheatgrass, glucose and solka floc decreased …

Factors Affecting The Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Capable Of Producing Enterotoxins A, B, C And D In Sterile Milk, Manoj A. Divatia

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Growth and enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus strains, in the presence of different starter [2:1 (V/V) blend of AM₂:ML₈ strains of Streptococcus lactis] levels was investigated. Sterile, 10 per cent non-fat dry milk was inoculated with S. aureus strains capable of producing all types of enterotoxins, and reduced levels of starters; and was incubated at 32 C for 24 hours. The pH and S. aureus population were determined at 2 hour intervals until 8 hours and at 24 hours. The inhibitory response of lactic streptococci was studied by spot-tests on a lawn of S. aureus strains. …

The Production Of Acceptable Baked Products In The Electronic Oven, Lois Irene Knudsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose was to find the adjustments needed to make acceptable pies, cookies and muffins baked in the electronic oven. The products were evaluated by a taste panel and by objective tests. The results of both tests supported each other.

The best bottom pie crust had an extra tablespoon of liquid added to the pastry and was precooked before the filling was added. It was both flaky and tender.

No leavening and one-fourth more liquid produced the most acceptable cookies. They were more like standard cookie in height, texture, moisture and tenderness.

It was found that one-half the amount of …

Immunological Response Of Rats Fed Decreasing Levels Of Dietary Iron And Calcium With Or Without Vitamin D, Bernice Nell Neibaur

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A considerable amount of research has shown that a severe dietary deficiency of protein or vitamins will markedly depress antibody synthesis. Very little work has been done with the effect of mineral deficiencies on antibody production, and no evidence has been presented showing the relationship of the effects of small changes in nutrient intake to the sensitivity of the antibody response to small degrees of malnutrition and the relationship of dietary iron, calcium and vitamin D to the production of antibodies.

In two experiments, it was shown that as the level of iron in the diet is decreased, the production …

Role Of Lamb Pregastric And Gastric Extracts In Cheese Manufacture, Ramjibhai V. Chaudhari

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lamb pregastric (PGE) and gastric extracts (GE) have been evaluated for their role in Italian cheese flavor production. Both have been shown to produce increases in free fatty acids and in non-protein-nitrogen during incubation with milkfat and casein substrates as well as in cheese substrates. Gastric lipase and cathepsins are considered to be the additional active agents in GE. Parmesan cheese manufactured with PGE and GE added to the curd was superior in flavor when both were employed, and either extract alone was better than the uninoculated control. An assay for GE proteolytic activity has been proposed which involves the …

Comparative Cost And Quality Studies Of Dehydrated Vegetables Versus Fresh Vegetables Used In Institutional Food Services, Kathleen Olsen Wegener

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The cost of fresh and dehydrated vegetables was studied in terms of initial cost and labor cost. Three institution kitchens were used: Logan Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Hospital, Logan Senior High School, and the High Rise Cafeteria at Utah State University. Beans, celery, onions, peas, green peppers, diced potatoes, shredded potatoes, sliced potatoes, and whipped potatoes were included in the research.

Fresh vegetables were found to have lower initial cost. Labor costs were lower for dehydrated vegetables. In the preparation of 25 pounds of vegetables the total cost of dehydrated vegetables was less than that of fresh …

Adaptation To Dietary Protein Of Nitrogenous Components In Blood And Urine, Whang Hea Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was made of the adaptation to dietary protein of nitrogenous components in blood and urine of rats and humans. Forty-four mature male rats were adapted to a low protein diet (10 per cent casein diet) for three weeks before they were divided into two groups. Four rats were then killed for a control, and twenty of the remaining rats were switched to a high protein diet (40 per cent casein diet) and the other twenty continued to be fed the low protein diet. Four rats fed each level of protein were killed 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 …

Effect Of Different Levels Of Dietary Protein And Sex Hormones On Lipid Metabolism In Male Castrated Rats, Sharad Patel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Male castrated rats treated with testosterone or estradiol were given a diet containing 9, 18, or 50 per cent protein. Total lipids, lipid classes and fatty acid composition of lipid classes were determined.

Estradiol treated rats grew slower, smaller and consumed less diet. Their liver weights were larger when compared to their body weights. Moisture content of liver remained unaffected by sex hormones, but increased with the high level of protein in the diet.

Both testosterone and estradiol affected lipid metabolism; in general, the estrogenic influence was more pronounced and more predictable. Estradiol administration increased total lipids, free and esterified …

The Effect Of Sucrose Feeding On Phosphorus Content, Protein Content, And Color Of Turkey Livers And Muscles, Mary Tai

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

All carbohydrates metabolized in the body must first be phosphorylated, As a result of Lundgaard's (1930 ) and Lohmann's (1934) discoveries, the focal interest of muscle biochemistry has passed from the carbohydrate molecules to the phosphorus compounds, For glucose, the first reaction is the formation of a phosphate ester, glucose-6- phosphate, D. M. Needham (1938) found that ATP acts as a phosphorus donor, Glucose-6-phosphate may be transformed into glucose-1-phosphate or into fructose-6-phosphate. In liver, it may be hydrolized back to free glucose and inorganic phosphorus, Bate-Smith (1948) indicated that the free phosphate must be present before any breakdown of glycogen …

A Comparison Of Starters, Temperatures Of Warm Room And Salt Concentration In The Manufacture Of Danish Type Swiss Cheese, Darab Assaad

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Danish type swiss cheese has the characteristic "eye" of a regular swiss cheese and is similar in texture. The flavor is milder and has a softer body. Because of its milder flavor and softer body it is of interest for consumption. Because it cures faster than swiss cheese it has the added advantage of cutting down curing cost and thus requires a shorter time to reach the consumers

The Relationship Of The School Lunch And Other Meals To The Total Adolescent's Nutrient Intake In Logan And Wellsville, Utah, Leora S. Galloway

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nutritional problems of various population groups throughout the world are constantly being emphasized, It has been pointed out that life expectancy at birth is only thirty to forty years for over half of the world's population, while for those people who have been able to take advantage of modern medical and nutritional science, it is sixty-five to seventy years, Hunger, as well as preventing economic advancement, promotes unrest and political upheavals. The United States, in the interest of preserving its own security and way of life, has a vital stake in solving world nutritional problems as well as its own. …