Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Immunological Pathways Triggered By Porphyromonas Gingivalis And Fusobacterium Nucleatum: Therapeutic Possibilities?, Kívia Queiroz De Andrade, Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, Robson Coutinho-Silva

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria possessing several virulence factors that make them potential pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and is considered one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum possess virulence factors that allow them to survive in hostile environments by selectively modulating the host's immune-inflammatory response, thereby creating major challenges to host cell survival. Studies have demonstrated that bacterial infection and the host immune responses are involved …

Management Of The Open Apex Using A Bioceramic Apical Barrier: Success And Survival Rates At Virginia Commonwealth University, Adam Sarnowski

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of treatment of teeth with open apices managed by the orthograde placement of a bioceramic apical barrier as well as to identify potential outcome factors for this type of treatment. Methods: Patient records were pooled from graduate resident cases completed at Virginia Commonwealth University between January 1, 2010 and May 31, 2018. A total of 515 patients were identified using relevant ADA codes and a key word search within the patient record database. A total of 104 patients (119 teeth) had an open apex that had NSRCT utilizing a …

Perception Of Patient Cooperation Among Dentist, Guardian, And Child, Cole A. Staines Dds

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Evaluate behavior assessment and agreement among dentist, guardian, and child. Evaluate child behavior by appointment type.

Methods: Patients recruited from the pediatric dental department at Virginia Commonwealth University for this convenience sample. Inclusion criteria: patients presenting for clinical exams and/or restorative treatment without the use of advanced behavior guidance between August 29, 2018, and March 7, 2019; ages 4-12-years-old; and scheduled with a single clinician. Appointments were stratified by difficulty. Behavior was assessed by dentist and caregiver using the Frankl Scale. Patient self-assessed cooperation using an age-appropriate modified Frankl Scale, developed for this study. Agreement assessed among the 3 …

Examination Of Strain-Dependent Differences In S. Sanguinis Virulence And Growth, Shannon Baker

Theses and Dissertations

Streptococcus sanguinis, an abundant and benign inhabitant of the oral cavity, is an important etiologic agent of infective endocarditis, particularly in people with pre-disposing cardiac valvular damage. Although commonly isolated from patients with IE, little is known about the factors that make any particular S. sanguinis isolate more virulent than another or, indeed, whether significant differences in virulence exist among isolates. To investigate the virulence of multiple isolates, a variation of the Bar-seq (barcode sequencing) method was employed. A conserved chromosomal site was identified for subsequent insertion of a barcode identifier, unique for each strain. Barcode insertion did not …

Hiv With Opportunistic Neuroinfection, Rahul Vyas, Rajendra Prasad

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Oral Soft Tissue Lesions In Kidney Transplant Recipients, Charinrat Sirivichayakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Kidney transplantation is considered to be the best treatment for end-stage renal disease patient, and widely accepted it improves quality and length of life. However, the kidney transplant recipient has to receive long-term immunosuppressive therapy in order to prevent kidney transplant rejection, causing the immune function system declined. Oral and dental problems also increase in these patients, which mostly develop as a result of side effects and drug interaction. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of oral soft tissue lesions in kidney transplant recipients. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted in April to October 2019. …

Microshear Bond Strength And Microleakage Of Glass Ionomer Cement On Aged Dentin, Chutima Techa-Ungkul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Objective: To compare the microshear bond strength and microleakage of glass ionomer cements when bonded to aged and young dentin. Background: Root caries commonly occurs in elderly patients. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is frequently used to restore root caries. Many studies of GIC have been conducted using young dentin, however few studies have assessed adhesion and microleakage of GICs to aged dentin. Materials and methods: Seventy-eight non-carious human molars (patient age 16-30 = 39; patient age ≥ 65 = 39) were tested with three commercial GICs (Fuji II LC, Equia Forte Fil, and Fuji BULK). For microshear bond strength (µSBS), …

Disruption Of Immune Homeostasis In Human Dendritic Cells Via Regulation Of Autophagy And Apoptosis By Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Mohamed M Meghil, Omnia K Tawfik, Mahmoud Elashiry, Mythilypriya Rajendran, Roger M Arce, David J Fulton, Patricia V Schoenlein, Christopher W Cutler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

As fundamental processes of immune homeostasis, autophagy, and apoptosis must be maintained to mitigate risk of chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by oral microbial dysbiosis, and dysregulation of dendritic cell (DC) and T cell responses. The aim of this study was to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which the oral microbe

Saudi Arabian Students In Postgraduate Dental Programs: Investigating Factors Associated With Burnout, Asiri Amal

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Burnout related to emotional and physical study or work demands affects an individual’s performance and well being. This study focused on Saudi Arabian dental residents studying in the United States and the United Kingdom who are faced with many challenges in pursuit of a higher education degree. A survey including demographic and MBI questions was distributed to assess this population’s level of burnout. The Maslach Burnout inventory (MBI) was has been widely used in the literature to assess three components of burnout: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DEP), and (diminished) personal accomplishment (PA). Potential predictors of burnout level, tested for statistical …

Surface Treatment Effects On Shear Bond Strength And Biaxial Flexural Strength Of Three Generations Of Zirconia, Yasko A. Darkoue

All ETDs from UAB

SURFACE TREATMENT EFFECTS ON SHEAR BOND STRENGTH AND BIAXIAL FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF THREE GENERATIONS OF ZIRCONIA YASKO A. DARKOUE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DENTISTRY ABSTRACT Objectives: Mechanical and chemical surface treatments are required to achieve a durable bond to zirconia. The objective of this study is to compare the effects of particle abrasion and pressure on shear bond strength and biaxial flexural strength of Lava (Frame, Plus and Esthetic) zirconia to obtain a favorable combination of pressure and particle type to produce optimum strength and optimize the bond produced. A protocol for mechanical treatment balancing strength of the type zirconia …

Effect Of Antidepressants On Cytokines Profiles Seen In Inflamed Tissue And Serum Samples In Patients With Moderate Chronic Periodontitis, Silvia M. Villalobos

All ETDs from UAB

This study evaluated whether depression with or without the use of antidepressant was associated with changes in inflammatory markers, intraorally and systemically, GCF volume, serum biomarker levels. Cross-sectional data were collected from individuals with moderate periodontitis who were assigned to one of three groups based upon their medical history, medication usage, and answers to a validated survey instrument that assessed their level of clinical depression. Three groups of patients were compared: 1) patients with clinically diagnosed depression taking antidepressant medications [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRIs), or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)]. 2) patients with clinically …

Wear Of Orthodontic Bite Turbos And Opposing Enamel, Kyle Feagin

All ETDs from UAB

Orthodontic bite turbos are used to separate the maxillary and mandibular arches when disocclusion is needed for facial placement of orthodontic brackets or extrusion of teeth. The bite turbo should have adequate wear resistance to maintain the disocclusion but also avoid abrasion of the opposing enamel. The objective of this study was to measure the wear and opposing enamel wear of three materials used as bite turbos. 8 specimens (10x8x4 mm) each of Transbond LR (3M), Transbond Plus (3M) and Triad gel (Dentsply) were prepared in silicone molds and light cured for 30 seconds using an Acteon Satelec Blue Ray …

A Study Of Enamel Thickness Of Permanent Maxillary Canines, Daniel Diaz Rubayo

All ETDs from UAB

Introduction: Tooth agenesis is defined as the lack of development of a tooth. Maxillary lateral incisors have been reported to be missing in 2.2% of the population in the United States of America. Two treatment options are available: opening the space to restore the missing tooth with a dental prosthesis; or close the space by moving the adjacent teeth into the space and substituting the missing lateral incisor with the maxillary canine. With a wider crown and a more convex labial surface than lateral incisors, canines require a significant amount of reduction in order to achieve an adequate occlusion and …

Non-Surgical Correction Of Anterior Open Bites Using Temporary Anchorage Devices, Kimberly Spencer Butts

All ETDs from UAB

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the skeletal, dental and soft tissue effects that occur as a result of maxillary posterior TAD intrusion; to compare treatment outcomes of growing patients to a growing matched control group; and to present a simplified TAD intrusion technique. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using lateral cephalometric radiographs of 16 (5 male, 11 female, average age 38y 4m) non-growing patients and 16 (5 male, 11 female, average age 13y 11m) growing patients with anterior open bite malocclusions treated with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) to intrude the maxillary posterior segments. Growing …

Bioactive Materials: Ion Release & Recharge, Wear, Gloss & Hydroxyapatite Formation, Mohammed Badahman

All ETDs from UAB

Introduction : Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases 1. Unfortunately, there have been numerous failures with the treatment rendered, the materials used and how they are used. One significant cause for dental restoration failure is secondary caries and the need to replace the existing restoration. It has been reported that more than half of the restorations placed have been replaced because of recurrent caries. New materials and techniques have been developed to enhance adhesives in dentistry and improve the bonded interface however that interface still remains the weakest component of composite restorations. Marginal degradation and the …

Sheehan Syndrome, Riya Jain, Shashidhara Kc, Savitha Savitha

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

No abstract provided.

Ectopia Lentis, Pratheek Prabhu

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

No abstract provided.

Cerebro-Vascular Accident, Mehak Gera, Rajendra Prasad, Suresh Babu, Manthappa M

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

No abstract provided.

Pulmonary Thromboembolism In A Case Of Alopecia Areata, Rakshith M

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

No abstract provided.

Impact On Bacterial Micro-Leakage In Exposed Root Canal Obturation Material In Teeth Irrigated With Different Solutions, Khalifa W. Alhaddad

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Determine the timeframe of bacterial penetration that occurs to the apex when obturation material (gutta percha) is exposed to bacteria for a set period of time (45 days) and to determine if bacterial penetration of the obturated root is influenced by the type of irrigant used during the final rinse (17% EDTA vs 2% Chlorhexidine vs full strength 5.25% NaOCl). Methods: Thirty-six extracted teeth, including six controls, were instrumented and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl followed by a final rinse of either: 17% EDTA, 2% Chlorhexidine, or 5.25% NaOCl, and then obturated. Each root was suspended between two chambers: the …

Comparison Of Patient Factors Influencing The Selection Of An Orthodontist, General Dentist, Or Direct-To-Consumer Aligners For Orthodontic Treatment, Jeffrey C. Olson

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To evaluate the factors that influence potential orthodontic patients choosing between an orthodontist, general dentist, and direct-to-consumer (DTC) aligners for their treatment, and to determine the demand for each provider type.

Methods: An electronic survey was administered to 250 individuals among the general population of adults in the United States. Questions were designed to determine the respondent’s level of interest in pursuing orthodontic treatment with each provider type, evaluate their current level of knowledge concerning provider options, and identify factors influencing their selection. Pearson’s chi-squared test and ANOVA were used to evaluate the factors influencing patients in …

Evaluation And Comparison Of Periapical Healing Using Periapical Films And Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Post-Treatment Follow Up, Adam S. Polinsky

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic changes in periapical status and analysis of healing determined using periapical radiographs (PA) versus cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre-operatively and at 3-64 months following endodontic treatment.

Methods: Pre/post treatment radiograph and CBCT scans of patients who had NSRCT, NSReTx, or SRCT from July 2011-December 2018 at VCU Graduate Endodontic clinic were included in this study. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and recall PA and CBCT images were performed using three calibrated examiners. Changes and differences in the estimated area from PA to CBCT were …

Frictional Properties Of Novel Bracket Systems: An In-Vitro Study, Stephen M. Haverkos

Theses and Dissertations

Orthodontic brackets undergo resistance during sliding that includes classical friction, binding, and notching. Current bracket systems are hampered by these challenging forces. As a result, the clinician usually needs to apply additional forces to overcome the resistance which increases the risk of root resorption and discomfort for the patient. This study evaluated frictional properties of a novel bracket that had polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon™) coated rollers in its design. Five types of brackets (n = 10, each), including a passive self-ligating bracket, a traditional ligated bracket, a three-dimensionally printed direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) bracket with and without Teflon™ rollers, and computer …

Let’S Face It: The Effect Of Orthognathic Surgery On Facial Recognition Algorithm Analysis, Carolyn Bradford Dragon

Theses and Dissertations

Aim: To evaluate the ability of a publicly available facial recognition application program interface (API) to calculate similarity scores for pre- and post-surgical photographs of patients undergoing orthognathic surgeries. Our primary objective was to identify which surgical procedure(s) had the greatest effect(s) on similarity score.

Methods: Standard treatment progress photographs for 25 retrospectively identified, orthodontic-orthognathic patients were analyzed using the API to calculate similarity scores between the pre- and post-surgical photographs. Photographs from two pre-surgical timepoints were compared as controls. Both relaxed and smiling photographs were included in the study to assess for the added impact of facial pose on …

The Efficacy Of A Fluoride-Containing Orthodontic Primer In Preventing Demineralization, Alyssa G. Ricci

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a fluoride-containing orthodontic primer in preventing demineralization adjacent to brackets and compare the quality of enamel on tooth surfaces that received interproximal reduction (IPR).

Methods: Patients at the VCU Orthodontic clinic who consented to orthodontic treatment involving extraction of at least 2 premolars were recruited to this pilot clinical study. Brackets were bonded to premolars using one of two primers, fluoride-containing experimental or control. IPR was also performed, and the experimental primer was applied to randomly selected teeth. Extracted teeth were analyzed visually for the presence of white spot lesions (WSLs). Micro-CT analyses were …

Aadej Comm 50 3 2019

AADEJ - The Communicator

The Communicator is the official journal of the American Association of Dental Editors and Journalists (AADEJ). It is published quarterly, distributed digitally via email to members, and posted on the Association's website, AADEJ.org. Each issue includes regular updates from the editorial team and AADEJ board, as well as feature articles on current issues in the field.

Oral Health Care: An Autoethnography Reflecting On Dentistry's Collective Neglect And Changes In Professional Education Resulting In The Dental Hygienist Being The Prevention-Focused Primary Oral Health Care Provider, Maureen Patricia Mcweeney Harrington

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Many factors influence poor oral health among disadvantaged populations including socioeconomic circumstances, knowledge of disease prevention strategies and ability to implement those strategies, public policies, insurance status, insurance policies, dental providers and other challenges to accessing dental care. Often these issues converge and result in early disadvantages to achieving good oral health (Horton & Barker, 2010). Addressing even some of the factors that contribute to poor oral health may provide ways to change the dental health status of historically underserved populations. The purpose of this research is to explore my role as a practitioner and researcher in the creation of …

The Smile Attractiveness Of Patients Successfully Treated According To The Finishing Standards Of The American Board Of Orthodontics, Tayem Abou Saleh

All ETDs from UAB

Smiling is the most useful way people can use to express their emotions, therefore, it is critical to build our treatment plan not just around establishing a stable functional occlusion but also to achieve beautiful harmonious smile. It has been suggested that the smile may be made up of 3 components: Gingival component, soft tissue component, and dental component, and the ultimate smile beauty can be achieved by trying to find the balance in between these components. We collected 68 smiling photos for cases were taken to American board of orthodontics clinical exam and they were considered successfully treated, all …

Identification And Application Of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells For Dental Tissue Regenration, Yousuf Al-Aboosi

All ETDs from UAB

Mesenchymal stem cells have been very attractive treatment modality in regenerative medicine, but not so much in regenerative dentistry. This can be attributed to the difficulty in obtaining dental origin stem cells without extracting a tooth or other invasive procedures. Autogenous gingival graft harvested from palatal tissue is used as the gold standard for treating single tooth recession. The healing of the gingival graft has been shown to be mostly depended on the recipient side more than the graft itself. This study is aiming to find if the palatal tissue has cells with mesenchymal characteristics that are helping in the …

External Root Resorption In The Orthodontic Patients, Frank Earl Litchfield

All ETDs from UAB

External Apical Root Resorption (EARR) is a side effect of orthodontic treatment that results in root shortening in about one-third of orthodontic patients. Great variability among patients exists in their susceptibility to this multifactorial condition, and both treatment and patient specific factors contribute to EARR. Root resorption values were found to be higher in Hispanics compared to Asians and Caucasians (1). However, the prevalence of EARR is not well documented in all populations. Since African Americans represent the largest minority group in the United States, establishing the prevalence and risk factors for EARR within this ethnicity is important. Objective: To …