Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma: A Vascular Tumor Previously Undescribed In The Oral Cavity, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Kenneth M. Anderson, Thomas B. Dodson

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMH) is a low-grade malignant vascular neoplasm of different tissue planes including skin and soft tissue. Primary tumors in the skeletal muscle and bone have also been diagnosed. The PMH was introduced into the WHO classification of tumors of soft tissue and bone in 2013. This is the first description of oral involvement. A 21-year-old female presented with a 2-month old swelling of her gingiva. The swelling appeared red in color and was soft in consistency. A clinical diagnosis of a pyogenic granuloma was made and an incisional biopsy was submitted for histopathological evaluation. The lesion consisted …

Divergent Schwannoma-Like Phenotype In A Pleomorphic Adenoma, Srinivasa R. Chandra, Farah Karim, Yeshwant B. Rawal

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The schwannoma-like pleomorphic adenoma is a rare histopathological variant of the pleomorphic adenoma. Five previous reports with seven cases exist in English language literature. These tumors present in the parotid gland most commonly. Intraparotid schwannomas of the facial nerve and schwannomas with glandular differentiation have also been reported. A 60-year-old male presented with an asymptomatic swelling over the left angle of the mandible. The swelling had been present for about 12 years with a recent increase in size. CT imaging showed a hyperdense circumscribed mass of the superficial lobe of the parotid. The working diagnosis was that of a benign …

3d Printed Tcp-Based Scaffold Incorporating Vegf-Loaded Plga Microspheres For Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, Farahnaz Fahimipour, Morteza Rasoulianboroujeni, Erfan Dashtimoghadam, Kimia Khoshroo, Mohammadreza Tahriri, Doug Lobner, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineeringmethods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model.

Methods

The paste, composed of (VEGF-loaded PLGA)-containing gelatin/alginate/β-TCP in water, was loaded into standard Nordson cartridges and promptly employed for printing the scaffolds. Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations led to an optimized paste as a printable bioink at room …

Prosthetic Rehabilitation Following Lateral Resection Of The Mandible With A Long Cantilever Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis: A 3-Year Clinical Report, Georgios Maroulakos, William W. Nagy, Ayman Ahmed, Ioli I. Artopoulou

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

This clinical report describes the prosthetic management of the surgical reconstruction of a patient after mandibular resection. Complete oral rehabilitation was achieved with a maxillary complete denture and a mandibular implant-supported fixed prosthesis with a custom titanium framework and a long unilateral cantilever.

S-100 Negative Granular Cell Tumor (So-Called Primitive Polypoid Non-Neural Granular Cell Tumor) Of The Oral Cavity, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Thomas B. Dodson

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Four cases of cutaneous S-100 negative granular cell tumor were described in 1991. Until now, only 3 cases of oral involvement have been documented in English literature. Two additional cases of oral S-100 negative granular cell tumor are described. Immunohistochemical markers were applied to exclude other lesions that may show the presence of granular cells. The clinical findings were correlated with the histopathological and immunohistochemical features to arrive at the appropriate diagnosis. S-100 negative granular cell tumors are erythematous polypoid masses commonly mistaken for granulation tissue or a pyogenic granuloma. Any part of the oral cavity may be affected. Histopathologically, …

Evaluation Of Die Trim Morphology Made By Cad-Cam Technology, Pratiksha Agrawal, Geoffrey A. Thompson, Seok-Hwan Cho, Gerald J. Ziebert

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Statement of problem

The die contour can affect the emergence profile of prosthetic restorations. However, little information is available regarding the congruency between a stereolithographic (SLA) die and its corresponding natural tooth.

Purpose

The purpose of this vitro study was to evaluate the shapes of SLA die in comparison with the subgingival contour of a prepared tooth to be restored with a ceramic crown.

Material and methods

Twenty extracted human teeth, 10 incisors, and 10 molars, were disinfected and mounted in a typodont model. The teeth were prepared for a ceramic restoration. Definitive impressions were made using an intraoral scanner …

Opioid Analgesic Prescribing Practices Of Dental Professionals In The United States, C. N. Steinmetz, C. Zheng, Elaye Okunseri, Aniko Szabo, Christopher Okunseri

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The prescription of opioid analgesics by dental professionals is widespread in the United States. Policy makers, government agencies, and professional organizations consider this phenomenon a growing public health concern. This study examined trends in the prescription of opioid analgesics for adults by dental professionals and associated factors in the United States. Data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (1996-2013) were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were calculated separately for each year. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the overall trend during the period with and without adjusting for dental procedures and personal characteristics. Survey weights were incorporated to handle the sampling …

Ultraviolet-Induced Surface Grafting Of Octafluoropentyl Methacrylate On Polyether Ether Ketone For Inducing Antibiofilm Properties, Parisa Amdjadi, Hanieh Nojehdehian, Farhood Najafi, Amir Ghasemi, Massoud Seifi, Erfan Dashtimoghadam, Farahnaz Fahimipour, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Since octafluoropentyl methacrylate is an antifouling polymer, surface modification of polyether ether ketone with octafluoropentyl methacrylate is a practical approach to obtaining anti-biofilm biocompatible devices. In the current study, the surface treatment of polyether ether ketone by the use of ultraviolet irradiation, so as to graft (octafluoropentyl methacrylate) polymer chains, was initially implemented and then investigated. The Fourier-transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra corroborated the appearance of new signals associated with the fluoroacrylate group. Thermogravimetric curves indicated enhanced asymmetry in the polymer structure due to the introduction of the said new groups. Measuring the peak area in differential scanning …

Hairy Tongue, Marc Zachary Handler, David F. Butler, Drore Eisen, Jeff Burgess, Denis P. Lynch, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Hairy tongue (lingua villosa) is a commonly observed condition of defective desquamation of the filiform papillae that results from a variety of precipitating factors. ^[1] The condition is most frequently referred to as black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra); however, hairy tongue may also appear brown, white, green, pink, or any of a variety of hues depending on the specific etiology and secondary factors (eg, use of colored mouthwashes, breath mints, candies). ^{[2, 3]} See the images below:

Oral Health And Dental Anxiety In A German Practice-Based Sample, Arndt Guentsch, Christiane Stier, Gregor F. Raschke, Andre Peisker, Mina D. Fahmy, Harald Kuepper, Ina Schueler

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

Does dental anxiety have an effect on dental and periodontal health?

Methods

Survey data was collected from n = 200 adults (53 % females, average age 49 years) in a cross-sectional study. Dental anxiety was measured with the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS, score 1–5, the greater the score, the greater the anxiety). Clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (SLI), and bleeding on probing (BoP) as well as the DMFT index were recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results

Rating of dental anxiety was higher in women than in men (65 vs 35 %). Subjects …

Central Xanthoma Of The Jaw Bones: A Benign Tumor, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Srinivasa R. Chandra, James M. Hall

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Extragnathic xanthomas are seen in the bones or as soft tissue masses. They are often associated with hyperlipidemia and are considered as reactive or metabolic lesions. Only 19 cases of xanthomas of the jaws have been reported so far in the English literature. A total of ten cases of central xanthoma of the jaw bones were identified from the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology biopsy services of the University of Washington and the Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, between the years 2000–2016. The demographic and clinical information on these cases was tabulated logically on the basis of age, gender, location …

A Method Of Facilitating The Fabrication Of Access Openings For Implant-Supported Complete Fixed Dental Prostheses, Seok-Hwan Cho, Geoffrey A. Thompson

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

This report describes a method for fabricating access openings for implant-supported complete fixed dental prostheses (ICFP) by using a dental milling machine and silicone putty matrix. The method can help clinicians achieve the accurate and precise fabrication of access openings for ICFPs without excessive grinding.

Development Of A Dna-Liposome Complex For Gene Delivery Applications, Morteza Rasoulianboroujeni, G. Kupgan, F. Moghadam, A. Boughdachi, Payam Khoshkenar, J. J. Ambrose, N. Kiaie, Daryoosh Vashaee, J. D. Ramsey, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The association structures formed by cationic liposomes and DNA(Deoxyribonucleic acid)-liposome have been effectively utilized as gene carriers in transfection assays. In this research study, cationic liposomes were prepared using a modified lipid film hydration method consisting of a lyophilization step for gene delivery applications. The obtained results demonstrated that the mean particle size had no significant change while the polydispersity (PDI) increased after lyophilization. The mean particle size slightly reduced after lyophilization (520 ± 12 nm to 464 ± 25 nm) while the PDI increased after lyophilization (0.094 ± 0.017 to 0.220 ± 0.004). In addition. The mean particle size …

Evaluation Of Glycated Albumin (Ga) And Ga/Hba1c Ratio For Diagnosis Of Diabetes And Glycemic Control: A Comprehensive Review, Sara Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Rabiee, Mohammadreza Tahriri, Mojgan Abdolrahim, Asodollah Rajab, Hossein E. Jazayeri, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic high blood glucose concentrations (hyperglycemia). When it is left untreated or improperly managed, it can lead to acute complications including diabetic ketoacidosis and non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma. In addition, possible long-term complications include impotence, nerve damage, stroke, chronic kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, foot ulcers, and retinopathy. Historically, universal methods to measure glycemic control for the diagnosis of diabetes included fasting plasma glucose level (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose (2HP), and random plasma glucose. However, these measurements did not provide information about glycemic control over a long period of time. To …

Hairy Leukoplakia, James E. Cade, Richard P. Vinson, Jeff Burgess, Sanjiv S. Agarwala, Denis P. Lynch, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a disease of the mucosa first described in 1984. This pathology is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs mostly in people with HIV infection, both immunocompromised and immunocompetent, and can affect patients who are HIV negative. ^{[1, 2]} The first case in an HIV-negative patient was reported in 1999 in a 56-year-old patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Later, many cases were reported in heart, kidney, and bone marrow transplant recipients and patients with hematological malignancies. ^{[3, 4]}

Salivary Mmp-9 In The Detection Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Andre Peisker, Gregor F. Raschke, Mina D. Fahmy, Arndt Guentsch, Korosh Roshanghias, Joschka Hennings, Stefan Schultze-Mosgau

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumour of the oral cavity. Detection of OSCC is currently based on clinical oral examination combined with histopathological evaluation of a biopsy sample. Direct contact between saliva and the oral cancer makes measurement of salivary metalloproteinase- 9 (MMP-9) an attractive alternative.

Material and Methods: In total, 30 OSCC patients and 30 healthy controls were included in this prospective study. Saliva samples from both groups were collected, centrifuged and supernatant fluid was subjected to ELISA for assessment of MMP-9. The median salivary MMP-9 values with interquartile range (IQR) of OSCC …

Interleukin-6 Expression In Disc Derangement Of Human Temporomandibular Joint And Association With Osteoarthrosis, Flavio Camejo, Marina Azevedo, Viviane Ambros, Karina Caporal, Andrea Doetzer, Luis Eduardo Almeida, Marcia Olandoski, Lucia Noronha, Paula C. Trevilatto

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The inflammatory process is a coordinated response that protects host after infection or trauma, involving several molecular reactions. Once the inflammation is closely linked to the process of destruction of the temporomandibular joint, this study aims to examine, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important inflammatory marker, in temporomandibular articular discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) and its association with osteoarthrosis (OA). Thirty-eight (n = 38) articular discs were divided into two cutoffs: 1) analysis 1: 4 control (acute pathology), 17 ADDwR, 17 ADDwoR; and 2) analysis 2: without OA (n …

Predoctoral Dental Students’ Perceptions Of Dental Implant Training: Effect Of Preclinical Simulation And Clinical Experience, Soni Prasad, Naveen K. Bansal

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The aims of this study were to assess 1) differences in perceptions of dental implant training between dental students who received didactic training alone (control group) and those who received didactic plus simulation training (test group); 2) differences in response between students with and without clinical experience in implant dentistry; and 3) the interaction effect of simulation training and clinical experience on students’ satisfaction. A survey was distributed to the control group in 2014 and to the test group in 2015; both groups were at the same U.S. dental school. Data were collected on confidence levels with various implant restorative …

From Solvent-Free Microspheres To Bioactive Gradient Scaffolds, Morta Rasoulianboroujeni, Mostafa Yazdimamaghani, Payam Khoshkenar, Venkata Raveendra Pothineni, Kwang-Min Kim, Teresa A. Murray, Jayakumar Rajadas, David K. Mills, Daryoosh Vashaee, Keyvan Moharamzadeh, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

A solvent-free microsphere sintering technique was developed to fabricate scaffolds with pore size gradient for tissue engineering applications. Poly(D,L-Lactide) microspheres were fabricated through an emulsification method where TiO₂ nanoparticles were employed both as particulate emulsifier in the preparation procedure and as surface modification agent to improve bioactivity of the scaffolds. A fine-tunable pore size gradient was achieved with a pore volume of 30 ± 2.6%. SEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR analyses all confirmed the formation of bone-like apatite at the 14^th day of immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) implying the ability of our scaffolds to bond to …

Correlation Between Subjective Nasal Patency And Intranasal Airflow Distribution, Kevin P. Casey, Azadeh A.T, Borojeni, Lisa J. Koenig, John S. Rhee, Guilherme J.M. Garcia

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives

(1) Analyze the relationship between intranasal airflow distribution and subjective nasal patency in healthy and nasal airway obstruction (NAO) cohorts using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). (2) Determine whether intranasal airflow distribution is an important objective measure of airflow sensation that should be considered in future NAO virtual surgery planning.

Study Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Academic tertiary medical center and academic dental clinic.

Subjects and Methods

Three-dimensional models of nasal anatomy were created based on computed tomography scans of 15 patients with NAO and 15 healthy subjects and used to run CFD simulations of nasal airflow and mucosal cooling. Subjective nasal …

Screening Of Nci-Dtp Library To Identify New Drug Candidates For Borrelia Burgdorferi, Venkata Raveendra Pothineni, Dhananjay Wagh, Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar, Mohammed Inayathullah, R. Edward Watts, Kwang-Min Kim, Mansi B. Parekh, Abhijit Achyut Gurjarpadhye, David Solow-Cordero, Lobat Tayebi, Jayakumar Rajadas

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Lyme disease is the most rapidly growing tick borne zoonotic disease of the Northern Hemisphere and is among the 10 most commonly reported nationally notifiable diseases in the United States.¹ Clinical presentations include erythema migrans, fever, chills, muscle and joint pain.^{2, 3} Though these symptoms tend to fade away even without therapeutic intervention, a significant number of untreated patients develop arthritis and persistent myalgia following exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi.⁴ Furthermore, 10–20% of patients treated for Lyme disease develop symptoms considered typical, or even exaggerated, including muscle, joint pain and generalized fatigue^{5, 6}. This condition is …

A Novel Electrochemical Biosensor Based On Fe3o4 Nanoparticles-Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite For Sensitive Detection Of Glucose, Niuosha Sanaeifar, Mohammad Rabiee, Mojgan Abdolrahim, Mohammadreza Tahriri, Daryoosh Vashaee, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

In this research, a new electrochemical biosensor was constructed for the glucose detection. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) were synthesized through co-precipitation method. Polyvinyl alcohol-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was prepared by dispersing synthesized nanoparticles in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on the PVA-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite via physical adsorption. The mixture of PVA, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and GOx was drop cast on a tin (Sn) electrode surface (GOx/PVA-Fe₃O₄/Sn). The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, Fourier transform infrared …

Oral Melanoma: Relevance To The Dental Team Members, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Thomas B. Dodson, Harbinder S. Bal

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background and Overview

Oral melanomas vary in color and morphology and resemble myriad other reactive, benign, or malignant conditions. The authors describe a case report of a patient with a primary oral melanoma that presented as a nonspecific ulcer, which showed nodal metastasis during resection.

Case Description

A 64-year-old man who was examined by his periodontist to assess implant healing had a reddish-purple ulcer of the maxillary mucosa of 3 to 4 weeks duration. The implant was placed 19 weeks earlier in the mandible. The provisional diagnosis was that this ulcer was a traumatic or inflammatory lesion. The clinician biopsied …

Porous Magnesium-Based Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering, Mostafa Yazdimamaghani, Mehdi Razavi, Daryoosh Vashaee, Keyvan Moharamzadeh, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Significant amount of research efforts have been dedicated to the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering. Although at present most of the studies are focused on non-load bearing scaffolds, many scaffolds have also been investigated for hard tissue repair. In particular, metallic scaffolds are being studied for hard tissue engineering due to their suitable mechanical properties. Several biocompatible metallic materials such as stainless steels, cobalt alloys, titanium alloys, tantalum, nitinol and magnesium alloys have been commonly employed as implants in orthopedic and dental treatments. They are often used to replace and regenerate the damaged bones or to provide structural support …

Optimizing Anterior Implant Outcome Immediately After Implant Placement And Grafting By Using Patient’S Extracted Teeth: A Case Report, Soni Prasad, Jay Darryl Banez, Despoina Bompolaki, Yvonne Hart

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Optimizing anterior implant outcome using patient’s extracted teeth.

Successful implant treatment in the anterior maxilla is predicated on providing a functional and esthetically acceptable outcome. As well, achieving a predictable ideal emergence profile and soft tissue contour is expected. Placing immediate provisional restorations utilizing the patient’s modified extracted teeth can facilitate initiate facial soft tissue contouring while precluding undue pressure on the surgical site during the early healing phase. This allows for a one stage surgical procedure, fixed provisionalization and ideal tissue contouring.

This clinical report presents the use of a patient’s modified extracted permanent teeth as bonded fixed provisional …

Oral Examination, Alessandro Villa, Michael J. Wells, Drore Eisen, Jeff Burgess, James J. Nordlund, Denis P. Lynch, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The oral cavity is the first component of the digestive tract, which is delimited by the lips anteriorly and the oropharynx posteriorly. The oral cavity functions as a protective barrier and is an essential component for speech and swallowing, mastication, digestion, and taste sensation.

The oral examination comprises a uniform and consistent inspection of the head and neck and an intraoral evaluation of the hard and soft tissues (see the images below) in conjunction with a thorough medical and dental history. The entire mouth should be inspected regardless of the patient’s chief complaint and reasons for the visit. ^{[1 …}

Viscoelastic Properties Of Orthodontic Adhesives Used For Lingual Fixed Retainer Bonding, Demetrios P. Papadogiannis, A. Iliadi, T. Gerard Bradley, N. Silikas, George Eliades, T. Eliades

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To evaluate the viscoelastic properties of two experimental BPA-free and one BisGMA-based orthodontic resin composite adhesives for bonding fixed retainers.

Methods

A commercially available BisGMA-based (TXA: Transbond LR) and two bisphenol A-free experimental adhesives (EXA and EXB) were included in the study. The viscoelastic behavior of the adhesives was evaluated under static and dynamic conditions at dry and wet states and at various temperatures (21, 37, 50 °C). The parameters determined were shear modulus (G), Young’s modulus (E) under static testing and storage modulus (G₁), loss tangent (tan δ) and dynamic viscosity (n*) under …

Evaluation Of Glycated Albumin (Ga) And Ga/Hba1c Ratio For Diagnosis Of Diabetes And Glycemic Control: A Comprehensive Review, Sara Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Rabiee, Mohammadreza Tahriri, Mojgan Abdolrahim, Asodollah Rajab, Hossein E. Jazayeri, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic high blood glucose concentrations (hyperglycemia). When it is left untreated or improperly managed, it can lead to acute complications including diabetic ketoacidosis and non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma. In addition, possible long-term complications include impotence, nerve damage, stroke, chronic kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, foot ulcers, and retinopathy. Historically, universal methods to measure glycemic control for the diagnosis of diabetes included fasting plasma glucose level (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose (2HP), and random plasma glucose. However, these measurements did not provide information about glycemic control over a long period of time. To …

Development Of 3d Pcl Microsphere/Tio2 Nanotube Composite Scaffolds For Bone Tissue Engineering, Kimia Khoshroo, Tahereh S. Jafarzadeh Kashi, Fathollah Moztarzadeh, Mohammadreza Tahriri, Hossein E. Jazayeri, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

In this research, the three dimensional porous scaffolds made of a polycaprolactone (PCL) microsphere/TiO₂ nanotube (TNT) composite was fabricated and evaluated for potential bone substitute applications. We used a microsphere sintering method to produce three dimensional PCL microsphere/TNT composite scaffolds. The mechanical properties of composite scaffolds were regulated by varying parameters, such as sintering time, microsphere diameter range size and PCL/TNT ratio. The obtained results ascertained that the PCL/TNT (0.5 wt%) scaffold sintered at 60 °C for 90 min had the most optimal mechanical properties and an appropriate pore structure for bone tissue engineering applications. The average pore size …

Evaluation Of A Post-Treatment Follow-Up Program In Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Andre Peisker, Gregor F. Raschke, Arndt Guentsch, Paul Luepke, Korosh Roshanghias, Stefan Schultze-Mosgau

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives

The duration and the frequency of follow-up after treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma are not standardized in the current literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our local standard post-treatment and follow-up protocol.

Materials and methods

Overall, 228 patients treated curatively from 01/2006 to 07/2013 were reviewed. To evaluate the follow-up program, data on the secondary event were used. To determine risk groups, all patients with tumor recurrence were specifically analyzed. Relapse-free rate were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. The chi-square test was used to identify independent risk factors for tumor relapse.

Results

In …