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Clinical Epidemiology

2015

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Articles 31 - 40 of 40

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Oral Bisphosphonate Use And Risk Of Postmenopausal Endometrial Cancer, P. A. Newcomb, M. N. Passarelli, A. I. Phipps, G. L. Anderson, J. Wactawski-Wende, G. Y. Ho, M. J. O'Sullivan, R. T. Chlebowski Jan 2015

Oral Bisphosphonate Use And Risk Of Postmenopausal Endometrial Cancer, P. A. Newcomb, M. N. Passarelli, A. I. Phipps, G. L. Anderson, J. Wactawski-Wende, G. Y. Ho, M. J. O'Sullivan, R. T. Chlebowski

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: Bisphosphonates are common medications used for the treatment of osteoporosis and are also used to reduce metastases to bone in patients with cancer. Several studies, including the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), have found that use of bisphosphonates is associated with reduced risk of developing breast cancer, but less is known about associations with other common malignancies. This study was aimed at examining the effects of bisphosphonates on the risk of endometrial cancer. METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between use of oral bisphosphonates and endometrial cancer risk in a cohort of 89,918 postmenopausal women participating in the WHI. A detailed …


Heart Failure: An Exploration Of Recent Advances In Research And Treatment (A), A. Szema, A. Mclarty, H. Skopicki, M. Bloom, R. Jermyn Jan 2015

Heart Failure: An Exploration Of Recent Advances In Research And Treatment (A), A. Szema, A. Mclarty, H. Skopicki, M. Bloom, R. Jermyn

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.


Emerging Novel Therapies For Heart Failure, A. M. Szema, S. Dang, J. C. Li Jan 2015

Emerging Novel Therapies For Heart Failure, A. M. Szema, S. Dang, J. C. Li

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.


Determinants Of Survival In Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, And End Results (Seer) Study Of 14,228 Patients, E. Taioli, A. S. Wolf, M. Camacho-Rivera, A. Kaufman, D. S. Lee, D. Nicastri, K. Rosenzweig, R. M. Flores Jan 2015

Determinants Of Survival In Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, And End Results (Seer) Study Of 14,228 Patients, E. Taioli, A. S. Wolf, M. Camacho-Rivera, A. Kaufman, D. S. Lee, D. Nicastri, K. Rosenzweig, R. M. Flores

Journal Articles

INTRODUCTION: Left untreated, malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is associated with uniformly poor prognosis. Better survival has been reported with surgery-based multimodality therapy, but to date, no trial has demonstrated survival benefit of surgery over other therapies. We evaluated whether cancer-directed surgery influenced survival independently from other predictors in a large population-based dataset. METHODS: The SEER database was explored from 1973 to 2009 to identify all cases of pathologically-proven MPM. Age, sex, race, year of diagnosis, histology stage, cancer-directed surgery, radiation, and vital status were analyzed. The association between prognostic factors and survival was estimated using Cox regression and propensity matched …


Factors Associated With High Rates Of Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among Youth Living With Perinatal Hiv In Thailand, Ezer Kang Jan 2015

Factors Associated With High Rates Of Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among Youth Living With Perinatal Hiv In Thailand, Ezer Kang

Department of Psychology Faculty Publications

Antiretroviral medication adherence behaviour among Thai youth with perinatal HIV in Thailand has received growingattention. However, few studies have examined individual predictors of antiretroviral adherence using multipleself-reports. A convenience sample of 89 Thai youth (interquartile range 14–16 years) with perinatal HIV at threepaediatric programmes in Chiang Mai completed a structured questionnaire and reported their antiretroviral adherencein the past one, seven and 30 days using count-based recall and a visual analog scale. Mean self-reported adherencerates ranged from 83.5% (past 30 days) to 99.8% (yesterday) of the time. One-inflated beta regression models were usedto examine the associations between antiretroviral adherence outcomes, treatment …


Ebola Scare And Measles Resurgence: Mandatory Isolation/Quarantine And Vaccination, Mark C. Aita Md, Takeem T. Ragland Ma Jan 2015

Ebola Scare And Measles Resurgence: Mandatory Isolation/Quarantine And Vaccination, Mark C. Aita Md, Takeem T. Ragland Ma

Journal of Health Ethics

Public outcry for radical isolation and quarantine policies followed the first Ebola diagnosis in the United States when Eric Duncan, upon his return home Oct 2014 from West Africa, then in the midst of a catastrophic Ebola epidemic, tested positive for Ebola. Likewise, the Dec 2014 Disneyland measles outbreak unleashed an angry backlash against parents who refused to have their children vaccinated; and there was public momentum to repeal all legal exemptions to mandatory vaccination of school children. This paper presents an ethical and legal analysis to adjudicate the issue which is at stake in both controversies; namely the inherent …


Barriers To Recovery For Bangor's Buprenorphine Patients, John R. Mclaren, Erin Keller Jan 2015

Barriers To Recovery For Bangor's Buprenorphine Patients, John R. Mclaren, Erin Keller

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

There are several buprenorphine providers at EMMc's Center for Family Medicine serving the greater Bangor, ME region - an area of substantial opiate use. Among the patient population of outpatient buprenorphine users, both locally and nationally, there are high rates of relapse (~32%). In order to decrease relapse rates, it's first imperative to conduct a baseline review of the current buprenorphine population to identify specific types of patients who are at higher risk of relapse. By understanding the barriers to recovery, the office hopes to apply an intervention to the current program, targeting this local demographic more effectively.


Breast Cancer Risk In Metabolically Healthy But Overweight Postmenopausal Women, M. J. Gunter, X. Xie, X. Xue, G. C. Kabat, T. E. Rohan, S. Wassertheil-Smoller, G. Y. Ho, J. Wylie-Rosett, J. Beasley, H. D. Strickler, +2 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Breast Cancer Risk In Metabolically Healthy But Overweight Postmenopausal Women, M. J. Gunter, X. Xie, X. Xue, G. C. Kabat, T. E. Rohan, S. Wassertheil-Smoller, G. Y. Ho, J. Wylie-Rosett, J. Beasley, H. D. Strickler, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Adiposity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. Recent data suggest that high insulin levels in overweight women may play a major role in this relationship, due to insulin's mitogenic/antiapoptotic activity. However, whether overweight women who are metabolically healthy (i.e., normal insulin sensitivity) have elevated risk of breast cancer is unknown. We investigated whether overweight women with normal insulin sensitivity [i.e., homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, or fasting insulin level, within the lowest quartile (q1)] have increased breast cancer risk. Subjects were incident breast cancer cases (N = 497) and a subcohort (N = 2,830) …


Effectiveness Of Fecal-Derived Microbiota Transfer Using Orally Administered Capsules For Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection, B. E. Hirsch, N. Saraiya, K. Poeth, R. M. Schwartz, M. E. Epstein, G. Honig Jan 2015

Effectiveness Of Fecal-Derived Microbiota Transfer Using Orally Administered Capsules For Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection, B. E. Hirsch, N. Saraiya, K. Poeth, R. M. Schwartz, M. E. Epstein, G. Honig

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a complication of antibiotic-induced injury to the gut microbiome, is a prevalent and dangerous cause of infectious diarrhea. Antimicrobial therapy for CDI is typically effective for acute symptoms, but up to one third of patients later experience recurrent CDI. Fecal-derived microbiota transplantation (FMT) can ameliorate the underlying dysbiosis and is highly effective for recurrent CDI. Traditional methods of FMT are limited by patient discomfort, risk and inefficient procedures. Many individuals with recurrent CDI have extensive comorbidities and advanced age. Widespread use of FMT requires strategies that are non-invasive, scalable and applicable across healthcare settings. METHODS: …


Frequency Of Surgery In Black Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma, E. Taioli, A. S. Wolf, J. Moline, M. Camacho-Rivera, R. M. Flores Jan 2015

Frequency Of Surgery In Black Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma, E. Taioli, A. S. Wolf, J. Moline, M. Camacho-Rivera, R. M. Flores

Journal Articles

Introduction. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare disease, even less frequently described in minority patients. We used a large population-based dataset to study the role of race in MPM presentation, treatment, and survival. Methods. All cases of pathologically proven MPM were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Age, sex, diagnosis year, stage, cancer-directed surgery, radiation, and vital status were analyzed according to self-reported race (black or white). Results. There were 13,046 white and 688 black MPM patients (incidence: 1.1 per 100,000 whites; 0.5 per 100,000 blacks; age-adjusted,P = 0.01). Black patients were more likely to …