Agricultural Science Commons^™

Pig Industry Biosecurity Plan - March 2003 - Protecting The Pig Industry Is Everyone's Business, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

Farmnote 71/2002 - Farm Biosecurity

Farmnote 43/2002 - Biosecurity in the livestock industries

StockGuard has been initiated to develop a series of biosecurity plans for the animal industries in Western Australia. Through StockGuard, representatives from the animal industries have been working with the Western Australian Department of Agriculture to identify potential threats to each of the animal industries and to develop action plans detailing how these threats can be managed.

The overall purpose of StockGuard is to identify threats to the animal industries and to develop effective ways to minimise the potential impact of these threats.

If an emergency pig …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2002, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

Specialty Tomato Variety Observation Trial For Indiana, 2002, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

The trial reported here is an extension of the specialty tomato trials conducted in Indiana in 2001. In that trial, 16 varieties were grown in replicated trials in two locations to evaluate their performance and suitability for the restaurant salad market. In this trial, the same 16 varieties plus an additional 17 varieties were grown in unreplicated plots for evaluation of yield and culinary quality.

Specialty Tomato Variety Observation Trial For Indiana, 2002, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

The trial reported here is an extension of the specialty tomato trials conducted in Indiana in 2001. In that trial, 16 varieties were grown in replicated trials in two locations to evaluate their performance and suitability for the restaurant salad market. In this trial, the same 16 varieties plus an additional 17 varieties were grown in unreplicated plots for evaluation of yield and culinary quality.

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2002, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the State, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for soybean producers. The 2002 soybean cultivar performance tests were conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC) at Keiser, the Cotton Branch Station (CBS) near Marianna, the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart, the Southeast Research and Extension Center - Rohwer Division (SEREC-RD) near Rohwer, the Burton Brothers Farm (BBF) in LaFayette County, …

Handbook Of Plant And Crop Physiology, Second Edition, Revised And Expanded, Wally Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This book, as the title states, is an updated and expanded edition of a 1995 book with a similar title and the same editor. The first thing that may strike the reader of the Handbook is the physical size of this volume. Although the second edition is a few pages shorter than the original (973 vs. 1003 pages), the print size was reduced in this revised edition allowing the expanded text to be presented in a similar number of pages. In revising the book, the editor and authors have rearranged the sections, updated almost all chapters, and added chapters on …

Prevalence And Characterization Of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli On Carcasses In Commercial Beef Cattle Processing Plants, Terrance M. Arthur, Genevieve A. Barkocy-Gallagher, Mildred Rivera-Betancourt, Mohammad Koohmaraie

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Beef carcass sponge samples collected from July to August 1999 at four large processing plants in the United States were surveyed for the presence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Twenty-eight (93%) of 30 single-source lots surveyed included at least one sample containing non-O157 STEC. Of 334 carcasses sampled prior to evisceration, 180 (54%) were found to harbor non-O157 STEC. Non-O157 STEC isolates were also recovered from 27 (8%) of 326 carcasses sampled after the application of antimicrobial interventions. Altogether, 361 non-O157 STEC isolates, comprising 41 different O serogroups, were recovered. O serogroups that previously have been associated with …

Control Of Witchweed Striga Hermonthica By Intercropping With Desmodium Spp., And The Mechanism Defined As Allelopathic, Zeyaur R. Khan, Ahmed Hassanali, William Overholt, Tsanuo M. Khamis, Antony M. Hooper, John A. Pickett, Lester J. Wadhams, Christine M. Woodcock

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

During investigations into the control of insect damage to maize crops in subsistence farming in Kenya, which involved intercropping with repellent plants, the fodder legumes silverleaf (Desmodium uncinatum) and greenleaf (D. intortum) were also found to reduce dramatically the infestation of maize by parasitic witchweeds such as Striga hermonthica. This effect was confirmed by further field testing and shown to be significantly greater than that observed with other legumes, e.g., cowpea, as were the concomitant yield increases. The mechanism was investigated, and although soil shading and addition of nitrogen fertilizer showed some benefits against S. hermonthica infestation, a putative allelopathic …

Nitrogen And Dry Matter Distribution By Culm And Leaf Position At Two Stages Of Vegetative Growth In Winter Wheat, Wally Wilhelm, G. S. Mcmaster, Dorothy M. Harrell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Knowledge of N and assimilate partitioning in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) improves management efficacy and crop model development. Our purpose was to describe N and dry matter distribution during vegetative growth of blades, sheaths, and internodes on four culms. Winter wheat grown at the Colorado State University Horticultural Farm was sampled at Haun Stage 5 and jointing. Samples were dried, weighed, and analyzed for N. As the canopy developed and older tissue contributed more of total tissue, N concentration decreased although N mass and dry weight increased. Dry matter and N mass decreased from MC to T1 and T2 …

Miscellaneous Publication 6/2001 - Sheep And Goat Industries Biosecurity Plan, Department Of Agriculture Western Australia, Government Of Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

StockGuard has been initiated to develop a series of biosecurity plans for the animal industries in Western Australia. Through StockGuard, representatives from the animal industries have been working with the Department of Agriculture to identify the major threats to each of the animal industries and to develop action plans detailing how these threats will be managed.

The recent Foot and Mouth outbreak in the United Kingdom is a stark example of the potential for exotic disease to devastate an animal industry. The UK experience, along with the 1999 outbreak of virulent Newcastle disease in poultry in New South Wales have …

Arkansas Agriculture Situation And Outlook 2002, Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Eric J. Wailes, Bruce L. Dixon, Michael Popp, Pat Manning, Tony E. Windham

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Many farmers in Arkansas and other parts of the United States are experiencing financial stress. The purpose of this special report is to highlight the situation of Arkansas farmers and to offer an outlook for 2002. The report emphasizes the production, price, income, policy, financial, farmland value, and interest rate outlook for Arkansas farmers and considers the impact of the macro economy on agriculture. In addition, a summary of commercial rowcrop farm characteristics and production practices is presented.

Property Planning Manual For The Swan-Canning Catchment - February 2002, Catherine Nind, Kylie Banfield, Brian Lloyd

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

Perth, its suburbs and adjacent semi rural and rural areas are part of the Swan-Canning catchment. Ona broad scale the Swan and Canning Rivers are part of a large drainage system that collects and drains water from across the catchment via a myriad of small channels, creeks, brooks and drains which, working together, concentrates the flow into a single water body, the Swan-Canning Estuary. This drainage system collects water both from the surface of the land and also from water, which seeps beneath the surface and moves underground.

The water may contain a considerable variety of potential pollutants, such as …

Relationship Of Sorghum Kernel Size To Physiochemical, Milling, Pasting, And Cooking Properties, W. J. Lee, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. R. Shelton

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Effects of kernel size on grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] quality were studied in an experiment designed to separate effects of kernel size from seedlot. The study utilized three sieve fractions of varying kernel diameter (>3.35, >2.80 and >2.36 mm) from six seedlots. Chemical composition, physical characteristics, milling characteristics, pasting properties, and cooking qualities were determined for each kernel size fraction. Large kernels lost less relative mass during 1 min of decortication, were higher in protein concentration, and lower in ash. Milling yields were higher from large kernels, and flour from large kernels had higher water absorbance, …

Swine Response To Misting Synchronized With Meal Events, Roger A. Eigenberg, John A. Nienaber, G. Leroy Hahn, Stephen D. Kachman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Prior work has shown that the tympanic temperature of swine increases during an eating bout. An experiment was conducted in a hot environment using timing of misting as a way of reducing the body temperature during meal events. Three treatments were applied to pigs in a constant temperature 30³C environment: no misting, misting just prior to meals, and misting between meals. Two response variables were examined: feed intake and meal duration. Three environmental chambers were used in a Latin–Square layout with each chamber hosting each treatment. Analysis showed feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by misting just prior to the meal, when compared with no misting or misting between meals. Similarly, meal duration was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for misting just prior to the meal than for the other two treatments. The meal effect appears to result from cooling the pig, thereby reducing the tympanic temperature spike that normally occurs during an activity event such as a meal. The moderation of the body temperature apparently allows the pig to eat for a greater period of time before thermoregulatory controls restrict the meal duration and hence the meal amount. While not conclusive from these short–term observations, increased feed intake should benefit growth performance.

Characterization Of Fro1, A Pea Ferric-Chelate Reductase Involved In Root Iron Acquisition, Brian M. Waters, Dale G. Blevins, David J. Eide

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

To acquire iron, many plant species reduce soil Fe(III) to Fe(II) by Fe(III)-chelate reductases embedded in the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells. The reduced product is then taken up by Fe(II) transporter proteins. These activities are induced under Fe deficiency. We describe here the FRO₁ gene from pea (Pisum sativum), which encodes an Fe(III)-chelate reductase. Consistent with this proposed role, FRO₁ shows similarity to other oxidoreductase proteins, and expression of FRO₁ in yeast conferred increased Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity. Furthermore, FRO₁ mRNA levels in plants correlated with Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity. Sites of FRO_{1 …}

Accumulation Of Microbial Biomass Within Particulate Organic Matter Of Aging Golf Greens, Mine Kerek, Rhae A. Drijber, William L. Powers, Robert C. Shearman, Roch E. Gaussoin, Anne Streich

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Microbial biomass (MB) is a key variable controlling soil organic matter dynamics in soil. Currently, there is little information on the amount and significance of MB in highly managed golf greens. Our objective was to determine the amount and distribution of MB within soil structural components of golf greens and its relationship to the location of organic substrates. During 1996, 47 greens were sampled from 12 golf courses within Nebraska (USA). Microbial biomass, determined as extractable lipid phosphate on field-moist soils, increased linearly with age of green (Y = 19.39 + 3.54x; r² = 0.87, P = 0.001). In …

Vaccination Of Pregnant Dams With Intimino157 Protects Suckling Piglets From Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Infection, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom, Lisa J. Gansheroff, Melody Mills, Harley W. Moon, Alison D. O’Brien

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Cattle are important reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 that cause disease in humans. Both dairy and beef cattle are asymptomatically and sporadically infected with EHEC. Our long-term goal is to develop an effective vaccine to prevent cattle from becoming infected and transmitting EHEC O157:H7 to humans. We used passive immunization of neonatal piglets (as a surrogate model) to determine if antibodies against EHEC O157 adhesin (intimin_O157) inhibit EHEC colonization. Pregnant swine (dams) with serum anti-intimin titers of ≤100 were vaccinated twice with purified intimin_O157 or shamvaccinated with sterile buffer. Intimin_O157-specific antibody titers in …

Atelier Ouest - Africain Sur Les Semences Bybrides De Sorgbo Et De Mil, John D. Axtell, Moussa Oumarou, Issoufou Kapran, Anand Kumar, Ouendeba Botorou, Gebisa Ejeta, Lee House, Thomas Crawford, Bruce Hamaker, Inoussa Akintayo

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Le sorgho et Ie mil sont les deux cereales les plus importantes en Afrique Occidentale. Elles y representent en effet 70 % de la production cerealiere totale qui constitue la ration de base des peuples vivant dans cette region. Les progres realises dans I' amelioration du sorgho et du mil sont par consequent d'une importance vitale pour Ie bien-etre des populations de l' Afrique Occidentale. L' atelier de travail sur la semence hybride de sorgho et de mil represente l'aboutissement de 10 annees d'efforts de recherche et de developpement par l'Institut National de Recherches Agronomiques du Niger (INRAN), Ie Programme …

Proceedings Of The West African Hybrid Sorghum And Pearl Millet Seed Workshop, John D. Axtell, Moussa Oumarou, Issoufou Kapran, Anand Kumar, Ouendeba Botorou, Gebisa Ejeta, Lee House, Thomas Crawford, Bruce Hamaker,, Inoussa Akintayo

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Sorghum and pearl millet are the most important cereal crops in West Africa where they provide 70% of total cereal production that provide the major complements in the diets of people in the region. Research progress in the improvement of sorghum and millet is, therefore, of vital importance to the well being of people in West Africa. The Hybrid Sorghum and Pearl Millet Seed Workshop in West Africa is the culmination of the research and development effort by the Institut National de Recherches Agronomiques du Niger (INRAN) , the International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (INTSORMIL), and the …

Proceedings Of The 27th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (April 6-8, 2000, Fort Walton Beach Florida), John S. Russin, Stephen R. Koenning, Raymond W. Schneider, Peggy S. King

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimate for 1999. Compiled by SR Koenning

Treasury report. Peggy S King

Invited presentation

Bean Pod Mottle: A Soybean Disease on the Rise in the New Millennium. SA Ghabrial

Contributed papers

Response of Selected Mid-South Soybean Varieties to the Reniform Nematode. GW Lawrence, KS McLean, and SM Baird

Field Response of Soybean Cultivars to the Reniform Nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis. PS King, DB Weaver, and R Rodriguez-Kabana

Approaches to Race Determination in Soybean Cyst Nematode. AJ Palmateer, ME Schmidt, SR Stetina, and JS Russin

Nematological Survey of Selected Soybean and Cotton Fields in …

Herbicide Evaluation In Arkansas Rice 2000, Ron Talbert, Ford Baldwin, Ken Smith, David Gealy, Eric Scherder, Mike Lovelace, Nathan Buehring, Marilyn Mcclelland

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

With the widespread development of resistance to propanil by barnyardgrass, the major weed in rice, research has been intensified in recent years to develop alternative weed control technology to the repeated use of propanil. The use of herbicides is economically important for production of rice. Field experiments are conducted annually in Arkansas to evaluate the activity of developmental and commercial herbicides for selective control of barnyardgrass and other weeds in rice. These experiments serve both industry and Arkansas agriculture by providing information on the selectivity of herbicides still in the developmental stage and by comparing the activity of these new …

Pyruvate,Orthophosphate Dikinase In Leaves And Chloroplasts Of C3 Plants Undergoes Light-/Dark- Induced Reversible Phosphorylation, Chris J. Chastain, Jason P. Fries, Julie A. Vogel, Christa L. Randklev, Adam P. Vossen, Sharon K. Dittmer, Erin E. Watkins, Lucas J. Fiedler, Sarah A. Wacker, Katherine Meinhover, Gautam Sarath, Raymond Chollet

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Pyruvate,orthophosphate (Pi) dikinase (PPDK) is best recognized as a chloroplastic C₄ cycle enzyme. As one of the key regulatory foci for controlling flux through this photosynthetic pathway, it is strictly and reversibly regulated by light. This light/dark modulation is mediated by reversible phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue in the active-site domain by the PPDK regulatory protein (RP), a bifunctional protein kinase/phosphatase. PPDK is also present in C₃ plants, although it has no known photosynthetic function. Nevertheless, in this report we show that C₃ PPDK in leaves of several angiosperms and in isolated intact spinach (Spinacia …

Biotechnical Streambank Protection: The Use Of Plants To Stabilize Streambanks, Gary W. Wells

Agroforestry Notes (USDA-NAC)

Biotechnical streambank protection utilizes living plant materials to reinforce soil and stabilize slopes. Plants can be used as the primary structural component or in combination with inert materials like rock, concrete, and steel to help stabilize streambanks. Many terms have been used to describe the engineering use of plant materials for slope stabilization (Figure 1). The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) uses the term Soil Bioengineering to describe the use of living plant material for soil reinforcement, hydraulic drains, barriers to earth movement, and hydraulic pumps or wicks. The underlying concept for all terms is the use of plants to …

Planning Biotechnical Streambank Protection, Gary W. Wells

Agroforestry Notes (USDA-NAC)

This note is designed to help planners determine the appropriateness of biotechnical alternatives for streambank stabilization. Biotechnical approaches utilize plants as the primary structural components to provide an alternative or complement to concrete, rock and other materials. Even though various biotechnical techniques have been developed to utilize the ability of plants to stabilize slopes, there are situations where these techniques are not an appropriate choice.

Windbreaks: An Agroforestry Practice, Bruce Wright, Kimberly Stuhr

Agroforestry Notes (USDA-NAC)

Purpose of Note:

• Introduce the concept of windbreaks and their benefits

• Describe different applications of windbreaks

• Discuss basic design and planning considerations

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2001, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts also be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies contained within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

Intsormil 2002 Annual Report, John M. Yohe, Thomas Crawford Jr., Kimberly Jones, Dorothy Stoner

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

The global community confronts an enonnous task of stimulating economic growth in rural areas where 75% of the very poor (90% in Africa) currently live and ensuring the nutritional security of a world popUlation that is growing in size and evolving in consumption patterns without intensifying environmental degradation, social security, or adverse consequences for human health. This challenge is not only great but it is also urgent. Today, access to food, sufficient, safe, and nutritious food, is the primary problem for nearly 800 million chronically undernourished people. Unless we act now, the next few decades will almost certainly find us …

Evaluation Of Cauliflower Varieties, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia, Horticulture Australia

Horticulture research reports

This document has been prepared from a cauliflower variety evaluation trial conducted at the Manjimup Horticultural Research Institute, South West Highway, Manjimup WA 6258. The results reflect the growth characteristics, yield, quality and density of the cauliflower varieties as recorded at this site during the conditions of the growing period (May 2002 to September 2002).

This report is the thirty-fourth in a series produced from the evaluation of cauliflower and broccoli varieties, conducted at Manjimup Horticultural Research Institute. Cauliflower only has been evaluated in this and in subsequent trials.

The results are provided to allow seed suppliers, seedling nurseries, growers, …

Effect Of Habitat Depth On Host Location By Five Species Of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae, Chalcididae) Of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) In Three Types Of Substrates, Christopher Geden

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Four species of pteromalid parasitoids [Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia gemina Boucek, and the chalcidid Dirhinus himalayanus (Masi)] were evaluated for their ability to locate house fly pupae at various depths in poultry manure (41% moisture), fly rearing medium (43% moisture), and sandy soil (4% moisture) from a dairy farm. Searching activity in manure was largely confined to the surface (M. raptor, D. himalayanus, and S. gemina) or to depths of up to 2 cm below the surface (S. endius, S. cameroni). S. cameroni was the …

Strategies For Controlling House Fly Populations Resistant To Cyromazine, Diana C. Crespo, Roberto E. Lecuona, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this study were to compare, from both biological and economic viewpoints, the impact of various control strategies and evaluate their effect on cyromazine-resistant Musca domestica L., and beneficial house fly pupal parasitoids on caged-layer farms (240,000 hens) in Argentina. The strategies evaluated were: chemical, chemical + cultural, and chemical + cultural + biological (integrated management). The products used were: cyromazine 1% and 50%, DDVP, azamethiphos with and without z-9-tricosene, lime, and the parasitoids Spalangia endius Walker and Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders. In the absence of control measures, fly density increased quickly and the average parasitism rate …