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Articles 1 - 30 of 195
Full-Text Articles in Plant Sciences
A Novel Method Of Removing Excess Algae In The Chesapeake Bay Region Using Natural Polymers And Ferroferric Oxide, Rashika Budhathoki, Muska Sekandiri, Luis Francia
A Novel Method Of Removing Excess Algae In The Chesapeake Bay Region Using Natural Polymers And Ferroferric Oxide, Rashika Budhathoki, Muska Sekandiri, Luis Francia
Exigence
In this article, the authors argue for an improved success rate for removing excess algae from the Chesapeake Bay via magnetic polymers.
The Floral Charms Of Saint John’S: A Survey Of Botanical Communities, Stephen G. Saupe, Paul Melchior
The Floral Charms Of Saint John’S: A Survey Of Botanical Communities, Stephen G. Saupe, Paul Melchior
Headwaters
Saint John’s is a “landscape paradise” in central Minnesota. Although no complete checklist of vegetation exists for the campus, various surveys reveal a diverse flora. This floral wealth is the result of several terrestrial biomes converging on campus — prairie, savanna, deciduous forest, and coniferous forest — as well as diverse aquatic habitats including both lakes and wetlands. A 56-acre restored prairie at the entrance of Saint John’s is dominated by big bluestem and little bluestem. A savanna has been restored to the north and east of the Gemini Lakes and is characterized by bur oaks scattered among prairie grasses …
Combinatory Effect Of Changing Co2, Temperature, And Long-Term Growth Temperature On Isoprene Emissions, Michael Cole
Combinatory Effect Of Changing Co2, Temperature, And Long-Term Growth Temperature On Isoprene Emissions, Michael Cole
DePaul Discoveries
Isoprene, the most abundant hydrocarbon in the atmosphere, plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. Its reactions with NOx lead to the formation of ozone in the lower troposphere, which is harmful to plants and detrimental to human health. As air temperatures and CO2 concentrations increase with climate change, it is uncertain how isoprene emissions from plants will respond. We hypothesized that isoprene emissions will increase with the combination of increasing temperature and CO2 concentrations. We predict that oaks grown at a higher temperature will exhibit an increase in isoprene emissions with combined short-term increases in temperature …
Implications Of Manipulations Of Soil Quality On The Growth Of European Buckthorn (Rhamnus Cathartica) In A Greenhouse, Sam L. Pepper, Liam Heneghan
Implications Of Manipulations Of Soil Quality On The Growth Of European Buckthorn (Rhamnus Cathartica) In A Greenhouse, Sam L. Pepper, Liam Heneghan
DePaul Discoveries
European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) is an invasive shrub that is capable of changing the nitrogen content of a soil through the deposition of its nitrogen rich leaf litter. This change creates conditions that may favor recolonizing by buckthorn and negatively affect the growth of native plants. In this greenhouse experiment, we examined the effect of altering soil quality by adding mulch comprised of buckthorn wood on above and belowground biomass, stem length and leaf production of buckthorn saplings. We found that buckthorn saplings planted in buckthorn mulch had reduced stem length and leaf production compared to growth in …
The Correlation Between Basal Isoprene Emissions And Climate Of The Native Range Across Oak Species, Mary J. Babiez
The Correlation Between Basal Isoprene Emissions And Climate Of The Native Range Across Oak Species, Mary J. Babiez
DePaul Discoveries
Isoprene is a biogenic volatile organic compound that is emitted by various plant species and plays an important role in the chemistry of the atmosphere. When it reacts with pollutants in the air, such as nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone (O3) is formed. In this experiment, we measured leaf emissions from 20 different oak species at the Morton Arboretum (Lisle, Illinois). The aim was to better understand differences in isoprene emissions across oak species. Since emissions have been found to protect leaves against brief periods of heat stress, we hypothesized that oaks native to areas with greater …
The Impacts Of Elephant Grazing On Plant Succession In Tropical Forests Of Africa, Nadia Swit
The Impacts Of Elephant Grazing On Plant Succession In Tropical Forests Of Africa, Nadia Swit
The Downtown Review
Succession occurs in an ecosystem when there is a change in the species structure and diversity in an ecological community over time. While this can allow for greater biodiversity, occasionally diversity can be stunted based on the level of disturbance and the invasiveness of the first pioneering species. As in the case of arrested succession, continual disturbance prohibits changes in the environment and suppresses species establishment. The effects of this continued disturbance are seen in the tropical forests in national parks in Uganda and Tanzania in Eastern Africa with African elephants (Loxodonta africana). The continuous browsing on trees …
Lipid Content And Biomass Analysis In Autotrophic And Heterotrophic Algal Species, Addie M. Lauder, Daniel P. Jones, Thomas E. Walker, Todd Allen
Lipid Content And Biomass Analysis In Autotrophic And Heterotrophic Algal Species, Addie M. Lauder, Daniel P. Jones, Thomas E. Walker, Todd Allen
Montview Journal of Research & Scholarship
Biofuels are a form of renewable energy derived from living matter, typically plants. The push for biofuels began in order to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere, as biofuels are essentially carbon neutral. The idea is the same amount of CO2 the plants took in to perform photosynthesis will then be released in the burning of the biofuels. Algae is an excellent source of biofuels because it grows quickly and is versatile in terms of the type of fuel it can produce. The two most common mechanisms for algae growth are heterotrophic or photoautotrophic. Heterotrophically …
Investigation Of Parasympathetic Effects Of Lavender Essential Oil In Humans, Haakon Robert Nelson, Rachel Ann Burkhart, Daniel Morin, Nicole Grace Weissenfluh, Michael R. Korn
Investigation Of Parasympathetic Effects Of Lavender Essential Oil In Humans, Haakon Robert Nelson, Rachel Ann Burkhart, Daniel Morin, Nicole Grace Weissenfluh, Michael R. Korn
Montview Journal of Research & Scholarship
The purpose of this study will be to investigate the claim that administration of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil (topically, orally, and/or respiratorily) produces a relaxative effect in human subjects. This investigation will theoretically be conducted in two stages. Stage one will focus primarily on determining the presence of therapeutic effects and the relative effectiveness of lavender in several application modalities. Stage two will proceed based on findings from stage one. If significant parasympathetic effects are observed in relation to one or more of the lavender oil modalities described above, a more focused investigation will be conducted in stage two …
Influence Of Water Hardness On Accumulation And Effects Of Silver In The Green Alga, Raphidocelis Subcapitata, Aarya Venkat, Adriana L. Amerson, Gretchen K. Bielmyer-Fraser
Influence Of Water Hardness On Accumulation And Effects Of Silver In The Green Alga, Raphidocelis Subcapitata, Aarya Venkat, Adriana L. Amerson, Gretchen K. Bielmyer-Fraser
Georgia Journal of Science
Metal pollution from anthropogenic sources can pose a threat to aquatic systems. Silver is released into the environment from various industrial processes. In excess, silver can accumulate and cause adverse effects in aquatic organisms, particularly those in lower trophic levels, such as phytoplankton. Water chemistry parameters, such as hardness, have been shown to modify toxicity of metals because divalent cations compete with the metal for binding sites on the biological membrane. The objective of this study was to assess population growth and silver accumulation in the green alga, Raphidocelis subcapitata, after silver exposure in waters of varying hardness for 7 …
Section Abstracts: Botany
Virginia Journal of Science
Abstracts of the Botany Section for the 94th Annual Virginia Academy of Science Meeting, May 18-20, 2016, at University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA.
Secondary Metabolite Production And Biological Activity Of Endophytic Microbes Of Mahonia Aquifolium, Christopher Rufus Sweeney, Bradley Geary
Secondary Metabolite Production And Biological Activity Of Endophytic Microbes Of Mahonia Aquifolium, Christopher Rufus Sweeney, Bradley Geary
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Secondary metabolites are a result of natural evolutionary mechanism used to aid in plant development and defense, and the research of these metabolites have led to important discoveries in medicines, pesticides and even fossil fuels. In this project, we studied secondary metabolites of microorganisms in Mahonia aquifolium, otherwise known as Oregon grape. This plant is known to produce the chemical compound berberine as a secondary metabolite. Berberine has been shown to have similar effects to metformin and other diabetes treatments, as well as a host of other medicinal qualities. We looked at endophytic fungi and bacteria to see if they, …
Bio-Piracy: Creating Proprietary Rights In Plant Genetic Resources, James O. Odek
Bio-Piracy: Creating Proprietary Rights In Plant Genetic Resources, James O. Odek
Journal of Intellectual Property Law
No abstract provided.
Examination And Classification Of Secondary Metabolites From Endophytes Of Cornus Sericea, Madsen Sullivan, Brad Geary
Examination And Classification Of Secondary Metabolites From Endophytes Of Cornus Sericea, Madsen Sullivan, Brad Geary
Journal of Undergraduate Research
All civilizations have used plants and their byproducts to effectively grow and cultivate crops, as well as manage and treat many ailments. Even today, approximately 25% of prescribed medications are constituted by plants. Many of the active metabolites are produced in such small quantities that mass production by using the plant is unreasonable. However, the endophytes found within plants tend to produce the same metabolites. These fungi and bacteria commonly produce secondary metabolites possessing antibacterial, antifungal or other medicinal properties. By looking to historical medicinal plants, novel endophytes and metabolites have been discovered and integrated into agriculture and medicine. One …
The Effect Of Gut Microbiota On Starvation Resistance In D. Melanogaster, Alec Judd, John Chaston
The Effect Of Gut Microbiota On Starvation Resistance In D. Melanogaster, Alec Judd, John Chaston
Journal of Undergraduate Research
It has already been established that gut microbiota affect starvation resistance, fat (TAG) content, and development in D. melanogaster. Previous studies in this lab have suggested that effects of the microbiome on these traits are correlated, but this prediction has not been explicitly tested. We are specifically interested in identifying individual bacterial genes that may mediate microbial effects on all three host traits. One way to identify genes with causal influence on animal traits is MGWA (Meta Genome-Wide Association). To this end we have measured starvation resistance in D. melanogaster individually associated with a panel of 43 bacterial strains, and …
Optimization Of The Memory Protocol And Investigation Of Camp Levels In Axenic And Conventional Flies, Toree Lammel, John Chaston
Optimization Of The Memory Protocol And Investigation Of Camp Levels In Axenic And Conventional Flies, Toree Lammel, John Chaston
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Going into this project, it was my intention of complete two separate goals: first, to optimize a learning assay for testing memory and learning in Drosophila melanogaster for future use in the Plant and Wildlife Department laboratory at Brigham Young University, and second, to investigate cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels between two genotypes of Drosophila: wild type and dunce. While I was able to successfully complete my first goal, due to unexpected complications while completing it, the second goal was unable to be completed in time. This experience has taught me that experiments can be difficult to work into a specific …
Effects Of Host Microbiota On Intestinal Fiber Content, Kyle Olsen, John Chaston
Effects Of Host Microbiota On Intestinal Fiber Content, Kyle Olsen, John Chaston
Journal of Undergraduate Research
As a pseudo-ruminant, the alpaca is highly dependent on the bacteria in its intestinal tract to obtain the nutrients it needs. For example the starch-fermenting bacteria in the compartment 1 (C1) access nutrients from the normally indigestible starches the alpaca consumes. The bacteria release volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in return. The alpaca uses VFAs as a source of energy. In turn, the composition of the microbiome (bacteria in the intestinal tract) is affected by many factors involving its host. These factors could include host genome, diet, and location in the digestive tract. Our research was to survey many aspects of …
The Effect Of Promoter Region Indels On Expression Bias In Polyploid Cotton Species, Zachary Liechty, Joshua Udall
The Effect Of Promoter Region Indels On Expression Bias In Polyploid Cotton Species, Zachary Liechty, Joshua Udall
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Many plants undergo polyploidization events throughout their history, meaning their genome doubles1; the goal of this project was to identify how these polyploidization events lead to changes in gene expression on a nucleotide level. Polyploidization events provide raw material to be acted upon by natural selection, allowing evolution to occur. Now with four copies of a gene instead of two, mutations can occur or expression levels can change without too great an influence on the plants well-being. This project examines factors relating to changes in gene expression between subgenomes after a polyploidization event among different cotton species. We …
Gene Discovery: Understanding Oat Biosynthetic Pathways Through Characterization Of The Adp-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Gene, Evan Braithwaite, Eric Jellen
Gene Discovery: Understanding Oat Biosynthetic Pathways Through Characterization Of The Adp-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Gene, Evan Braithwaite, Eric Jellen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Grains that are high in soluble hemicellulose fiber, such as oat, provide numerous health benefits to consumers. These benefits include decreased risk of heart disease and lowered cholesterol. For this reason, information regarding genes that are involved in regulating starch and fiber synthesis in oat is highly valuable to breeders and cereal companies. However, because of the polyploid nature (allohexaploidy) and intrinsic complexity of the oat genome, given its propensity for chromosomal rearrangement, genetic data available for use in further research is limited, with many important regions still unsequenced. One such region is the gene coding for adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase …
Sem Studies Of Two Riparian New-Caledonian Conifers Reveal Air Channels In Stem Wood; Field Observations, Sherwin Carlquist, Mare Nazaire
Sem Studies Of Two Riparian New-Caledonian Conifers Reveal Air Channels In Stem Wood; Field Observations, Sherwin Carlquist, Mare Nazaire
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Two New Caledonian conifers, Dacrydium guillauminii and Retrophyllum minor, both of Podocarpaceae, occupy distinctive habitats in which roots are characteristically inundated. SEM studies of stem wood anatomy of both reveal characteristic vertical intercellular channels, not apparent in light microscope examination. These channels are regular in spacing as seen in radial sections and indefinite in vertical extent; they were observed only adjacent to rays. These channels, not reported in other conifers, are a potential source of aeration for roots and submersed stem portions. Other wood details are reported. In order to provide a more comprehensive picture of adaptation to these …
A Morphometric Analysis Of Arceuthobium Campylopodum And Arceuthobium Divaricatum (Viscaceae), Robert L. Mathiasen, Shawn C. Kenaley, Carolyn M. Daugherty
A Morphometric Analysis Of Arceuthobium Campylopodum And Arceuthobium Divaricatum (Viscaceae), Robert L. Mathiasen, Shawn C. Kenaley, Carolyn M. Daugherty
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Although the classification of pinyon dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium divaricatum, Viscaceae) has not been controversial to any extent since Engelmann described it in 1878, a recent taxonomic treatment has included this species in western dwarf mistletoe (A. campylopodum). While pinyon dwarf mistletoe is only known to parasitize pinyon pines (Pinus subsection Cembroides), western dwarf mistletoe as it has been known since the late 1800s is a principal parasite of Pinus ponderosa and P. jeffreyi and has never been observed parasitizing pinyon pines. With reservations about the recent classification of pinyon dwarf mistletoe and its treatment …
Tomus Nominum Eriastri: The Nomenclature And Taxonomy Of Eriastrum (Polemoniaceae: Loeselieae), Sarah J. De Groot
Tomus Nominum Eriastri: The Nomenclature And Taxonomy Of Eriastrum (Polemoniaceae: Loeselieae), Sarah J. De Groot
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
A revised taxonomy for the genus Eriastrum is presented, including type information, synonymy, descriptions, and keys for identification. The nomenclature of Hugelia lanata, Gilia floccosa, and Gilia virgata var. yageri is clarified. Additionally, issues pertaining to August Brand’s, Thomas Nuttall’s, and Asa Gray’s names in Eriastrum are reviewed. An illustrated glossary of important descriptive terms is provided, along with photographs and illustrations of taxa and features. Lectotypes are proposed for 14 taxa. There is further discussion about the nomenclature and type localities for each taxon, comparison of circumscriptions from previous authors, and some field observations. Discussion of identifying …
Letter From The Dean, Lona Robertson
Letter From The Dean, Lona Robertson
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Efficiency Of The Nuclease I-Scei In Excising Selectable Marker Genes From The Plant Genome, Elliot E. Pruett, Soumen Nandy, Vibha Srivastava
Efficiency Of The Nuclease I-Scei In Excising Selectable Marker Genes From The Plant Genome, Elliot E. Pruett, Soumen Nandy, Vibha Srivastava
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Gene stacking is a method used in biotechnology by which multiple genes can be placed at a single genomic site, thereby simplifying plant breeding. In this approach, DNA nucleases are used for excising selectable marker genes (SMG), which are the unneeded components of transgenic plants. The goal of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of the nuclease I-SceI in excising DNA in plants. Specifically, this study tests heat-inducible I-SceI through the use of a heat-shock promoter (HS) in order to control SMG excision by heat application. The DNA plasmid containing a visual marker gene flanked by I-SceI target sites …
Contents, Discovery Editors
Contents, Discovery Editors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Using Precision Agriculture Field Data To Evaluate Combine Harvesting Efficiency, Justin H. Carroll, Don Johnson, Jeff Miller, Kristofor Brye
Using Precision Agriculture Field Data To Evaluate Combine Harvesting Efficiency, Justin H. Carroll, Don Johnson, Jeff Miller, Kristofor Brye
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Soybeans must be harvested during a limited time period using expensive combines and associated equipment. Maximizing combine field efficiency, the ratio of the actual harvesting capacity to theoretical harvesting capacity, is an important objective of machinery managers. Spatial and temporal yield data from a 2012 CaseIH 8120 Axial-Flow combine equipped with a 9 meter MacDon D-65 Draper header and the Case-IH Advanced Farming System (AFS) yield monitoring system were used to examine field efficiency when harvesting soybean in three Arkansas Delta irrigated soybean fields during the 2015 season. Time efficiencies (TE) in the three fields ranged from 72.9% to 85.8% …
Effect Of Timing Of Shade On Growth, Development, Physiology, And Fruiting Of A Primocane Fruiting Blackberry In A Controlled Environment, Olivia C. Caillouet, Curt C. Rom, Jason Mcafee, Luke Freeman, Heather Friedrich
Effect Of Timing Of Shade On Growth, Development, Physiology, And Fruiting Of A Primocane Fruiting Blackberry In A Controlled Environment, Olivia C. Caillouet, Curt C. Rom, Jason Mcafee, Luke Freeman, Heather Friedrich
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Primocane blackberry production in the upper south is limited by high temperatures during the bloom and early fruiting period, resulting in poor fruit set and poor fruit quality. Shade may have the potential to delay bloom and flowering to a more favorable season. A greenhouse study was established to evaluate the effects of shade on primocane blackberry growth, physiology, and fruiting. Single rooted plants of ‘Prime-Ark® 45’ were planted in 12-liter pots and grown in a greenhouse at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Fayetteville, Arkansas. At approximately 0.25 m in height, one …
Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 17 2016, Several Authors
Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 17 2016, Several Authors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
What Would The Babel Fish Say?, Monica Gagliano
What Would The Babel Fish Say?, Monica Gagliano
Animal Sentience
Starting with its title, Key’s (2016) target article advocates the view that fish do not feel pain. The author describes the neuroanatomical, physiological and behavioural conditions involved in the experience of pain in humans and rodents and confidently applies analogical arguments as though they were established facts in support of the negative conclusion about the inability of fish to feel pain. The logical reasoning, unfortunately, becomes somewhat incoherent, with the arbitrary application of the designated human criteria for an analogical argument to one animal species (e.g., rodents) but not another (fish). Research findings are reported selectively, and questionable interpretations are …
The Current Status Of Ethnopharmacobotanical Knowledge In Çamlıdere (Ankara, Turkey), Tuğba Günbatan, İlhan Gürbüz, Ayşe Mi̇ne Gençler Özkan
The Current Status Of Ethnopharmacobotanical Knowledge In Çamlıdere (Ankara, Turkey), Tuğba Günbatan, İlhan Gürbüz, Ayşe Mi̇ne Gençler Özkan
Turkish Journal of Botany
The main objective of this study is to identify and record the folk medicines used in Çamlıdere (Ankara) as well as to contribute to the preservation of this precious lore. For this purpose field trips were organized to Çamlıdere. A total of 79 taxa belonging to 66 genera and 33 families were recorded for the treatment of various disorders. The most represented families were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Rosaceae, respectively. Respiratory tract diseases were the principal reasons for using folk medicines. Eight new folk medicines were included in the Turkish ethnobotanical repository with this study. Different ethnobotanical usages such as fuel …
Sudden Death Syndrome And Soybean Planting Date, Eric Adee, C. R. Little, I. A. Ciampitti
Sudden Death Syndrome And Soybean Planting Date, Eric Adee, C. R. Little, I. A. Ciampitti
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The effect of soybean planting date on the severity of sudden death syndrome (SDS) and yield were evaluated in two studies at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field in 2015. One study was established to promote SDS and the other to minimize SDS. In both studies the severity of SDS was greatest with the earlier planting dates, except for the more tolerant variety. The yield was greatest with the earlier planting date, except for the most susceptible variety. The severity of SDS was not as great as had been observed in previous years.