Plant Sciences Commons^™

Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1969, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1969 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, Garden CIty, and Whetstone Valley, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and South Dakota State University. This report includes information on the 1969 crop season, fertility and cultural practice experiments, soil and water demonstrations, high nitrogen experiments, small grain, corn and sorghun trials, wheat and flax tests, insect control on potatoes, weed research, soybean and sorghum breeding, weed research, crop disease control.

Hatching Of Sod Webworm Eggs In Relation To Low Temperatures, E. A. Heinrichs, Ellis L. Matheny

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Eggs of Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zeller), Crambus pascuellus floridus (Zeller), and Pediasia trisecta (Walker) were exposed to temperatures of 25, 15, 10, 4, and –10°C. Only those of P. trisecta hatched after exposure to 4°C for 30 days, while none hatched after exposure to –10°C. Eggs of none of the species hatched after exposure to 4 and 10°C for 60 days. Pre-exposure and post-exposure conditioning had no significant effect on percent hatch of P. trisecta eggs, while length of exposure period had a significant effect.

The Effect Of Nitrogen Rate And Method Of Sucker Control On Dry Matter Accumulation In Different Plant Parts Of Burley 21 Tobacco, J. L. Sims, W. O. Atkinson

Agronomy Notes

Earlier research has shown that higher leaf yields of burley tobacco result from topping and controlling sucker (axillary bud) growth. Suckering practices which provide the greatest degree of sucker control generally result in highest leaf yields . Chemically suckering with maleic hydrazide (MH-30) and other chemicals provides for a higher degree of control than most hand sucker ing practices although hand sucker ing at frequent intervals may produce leaf yields comparable to those from use of maleic hydrazide. High leaf yields resulting from a high degree of sucker control has been attributed to the elimination of the use of photosynthate …

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1969, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This ninth annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the nine county area of southeast South Dakota. The results shown are not necessarily complete or conclusive. Interpretations given are tentative because additional data resulting from continuation of these experiments may result in conclusions different from those based on any one year.

South Central Research Farm Annual Progress Report, 1969, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1969 report for the Agricultural Experiment Station at the South Central Research Farm. This report includes weather data, small grain variety testing, specialty crop testing, sorghum testing, grass testing, management, tillage, and cultural practices, fertilizer studies, and crop diseases and their control.

Protein Synthesis During Fungal Spore Germination. Iv. Transfer Ribonucleic Acid From Germinated And Ungerminated Spores, James L. Van Etten, R. Kent Koski, Mahmoud El-Olemy

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) fractions isolated from germinated and ungerminated spores of Botryodiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus stolonifer had acceptor activity for all 20 amino acids commonly found in protein, when tested with an enzyme fraction from germinated spores. Accordingly, it is unlikely that the absence of tRNA for a particular amino acid limits protein synthesis in fungal spores.

Sweetclover Weevil Feeding Stimulants: Isolation And Identification Of Glucose, Fructose, And Sucrose, W. R. Akeson, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The water-soluble fraction of Melilotus leaves previously referred to as Stimulant A was further fractionated by preparative paper chromatography into three factors, each having a stimulatory effect on sweetclover weevil feeding. The three factors, designated Stimulant A₁, A₂, and A₃, were identified as sucrose, glucose, and fructose, respectively, by co-chromatography with known sugars on cellulose-coated thin-layer plates. Silver nitrate, anisidine phthalate, and anthrone were employed as detection agents. The isolated compounds and corresponding reagent grade sugars were identical in chromatographic and chemical behavior, as well as in feeding stimulant activity. Sucrose stimulated the greatest …

Summary Of Fertilizer Use And Estimated Use Of Plant Nutrients On Tobacco, Corn, Hay And Pastures In Kentucky, Kenneth L. Wells

Agronomy Notes

Nearly 650, 000 tons of fertilizer were used by Kentucky farmers during the first half of 1969. Plant food content (N+P₂O₅ + K₂O) was 38%, or nearly 247,000 tons. Slightly over half (58%) was sold in bagged, one-third (33%) in bulk, and 8% in fluid form. Mixtures made up 70% of the total tonnage, and materials made up 30%. The statistics tabulated below show a more detailed breakdown of the fertilizer tonnage used.

Influence Of Developmental Stage Of Melilotus Infesta Leaves On Resistance To Feeding By The Sweetclover Weevil, W. R. Akeson, G. L. Beland, Francis A. Haskins, H. J. Gorz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Leaves of 6- to 8•week old Melilotus infesta plants contained progressively higher levels of nitrate as the leaves developed from the tightly pinched to the fully expanded stage. In weevil feeding tests on water extracts of these leaves a close relationship was found between actual feeding and the feeding predicted on the basis of nitrate content. At a given level of nitrate, extracts of young M. infesta leaves were less attractive to the weevil than were extracts of young M. officinalis leaves. Leaves of mature M. infesta plants contained very little nitrate, but water extracts of such leaves remained unattractive …

Genetic Studies Of Induced Mutants In Melilotus Alba. I. Short-Internode Dwarf, Curled Leaf, Multifoliolate Leaf, And Cotyledonary Branching, B. G. Gengenbach, Francis A. Haskins, H. J. Gorz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Information obtained from the F₁, F₂, and F₃ generations of crosses between the normal annual M. alba progenitor line and the four mutants, short-internode dwarf, curled leaf, multifoliolate leaf, and cotyledonary branching, indicates that each character is conditioned by a single pair of alleles. The multifoliolate leaf character is dominant over the normal phenotype; the other three mutant characters are recessive. The symbols dw, cl, Mf, and cb are proposed as designations for the respective mutant genes.

Characterization Of Xanthomonas Phaseoli Bacteriophages, Anne K. Vidaver, Max L. Schuster

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Ten bacteriophages for Xanthomonas phaseoli were characterized. On the basis of adsorption rates, latent period and burst size, plaque morphology, host range, efficiency of plating, ultrastructure, sensitivity to osmotic shock, streptomycin sensitivity, temperature effects on plating efficiency, and serology, the phages were separated into at least three groups. Some of the phages were infectious for Pseudomonas phaseolicola (four strains) and P. syringae (one strain) in a narrow temperature range. The taxonomic and ecological significance of this finding is discussed.

Morphology And Development Of The Flowers Of Boottia Cordata, Ottelia Alismoides, And Their Synthetic Hybrid (Hydrocharitaceae), Robert B. Kaul

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The inferior ovary of Boottia cordata, Ottelia alismoides, and their hybrid is appendicular in nature, the carpels are congenitally only slightly connate, and they are unsealed. All floral organs except the sepals originate from common primordia in the female and bisexual flowers. A flat residual floral apex is present. There is a vestigial superior ovary of three ontogeneticallv fused carpels in the male flower of Boottia cordata. The hybrid is intermediate in many characteristics and has partially fertile stamens and staminodia. The sequence of development in all flowers is acropetal. These plants appear to be related to …

The Effect Of Two Growth Retardant Chemicals, Cycocel And B-Nine, On Certain Nitrogeneous Components In Barley Seedlings, Linda Kinser

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Certain chemicals are known to inhibit growth in many plant species. These chemicals possess a common trait, the ability to inhibit stem elongation by suppressing the activity of the subapical meristematic region (11). These growth retardants have been extensively studied during the past several years in an effort to determine the biochemical mechanism responsible for reduction in plant height. The characteristic effect of these chemical retardants on the growth pattern has been described as producing plants with shorter, thicker stems and broader, darker green leaves. Tolbert, however, noted that although plants treated with the plant growth retardant, Cycocel, (2-chloroethyltrimethlammoniumchloride) and …

Animal Performance On Crested Wheatgrass Pastures During May And June, Fort Rock, Oregon, D. W. Hedrick, W. M. Moser, A. L. Steninger, R. A. Long

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Average animal performance data of 1.5 lb/animal daily gain, two calendar months of grazing, and 20 lb/acre gain were obtained from 5 years of using crested wheatgrass under a 2-crop (May) and 1-crop (June) system of grazing. Regrowth was obtained on early use (2-crop) pastures in only 2-out of the 5 years. Extension of results to users was hastened by involving ranchers, a county agent, and a federal agency manager in the study.

Contamination In Denta Sweetclover During Successive Generations Of Seed Increase, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Contamination levels observed in the breeder, foundation, and certified seed generations of 'Denta' sweetdover (Melilotus alba Desr.) were 0.71, 1.69, and 3.62%, respectively, as measured by the frequency of plants high in content of o-hydroxycinnamic acid. Based on a sample of plants tested simultaneously for o-hydroxycinnamic acid content and ,β-glucosidase activity, a small but consistent decrease in the frequency of cu plants occurred with succeeding seed generations, while shifts in the frequency of b plants were not consistent in magnitude or direction. Contamination through cross-pollination with CuCuBB plants may be the major factor responsible for the observed decreases in …

Western Ironweed: Research On Anatomy, Physiology, Life History And Control, M. K. Mccarty, C. J. Scifres

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Western ironweed (Vernonia baldwini Torr.) is a member of a widespread and diverse genus. The genus is characterized by perennial herbs and shrubs. Weaver and Darland listed the increase of western ironweed, at one time sparsely distributed, as an indication of degeneration of the true prairie. They described the invasion, spread, and ultimate dominance of western ironweed in many pastures after the drought years. Weaver measured ironweed roots to a depth of 11 or 12 ft., and remarked that it was one of "the most abundant and worst weeds in native pastures derived from the true prairie." Research has …

The Genus Carduus L. In Nebraska, Marian Jane Fuller

Papers from the University Studies series (University of Nebraska)

The genus Carduus L., a member of the Compositae, consists of approximately 120 species native to Europe (Arenes, 1949; Mulligan and Frankton, 1954). Of these, C. acanthoides L., C. crispus L. and C. nutans L., have been introduced to North America, but only C. acanthoides and C. nutans have been reported in Nebraska.

A general description of the Nebraska members of this genus is as follows: annuals or biennials; herbaceous stems spiny winged; leaves lobed with spiny margins; heads solitary or clustered at end of branches; phyllaries imbricated, spine-tipped in many rows; florets tubular, perfect, usually purple, rarely white; cypsela …

Some Factors Affecting Germination And Seedling Growth Of Scotch Thistle, C. J. Scifres, M. K. Mccarty

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.) is a native of Eurasia. Scotch thistle is found in the grasslands of central Nebraska, with heaviest infestations in Gosper, Dawson, and Valley Counties and limited occurrence in 18 additional counties. The Nebraska Unicameral declared it a noxious weed in 1965. This study measures the effects of some environmental factors on scotch thistle germination and seedling growth, and clarifies some of the interactions of these with inherent characteristics of the achene. The effect of achene coat, stratification, light, temperature, growth regulators, pH, depth of planting, salinity, germination inhibitors, and moisture stress were studied.

Germination And Early Seedling Development Of Musk And Plumeless Thistle, M. K. Mccarty, C. J. Scifres, A. L. Smith, G. L. Horst

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of some simulated environmental variables on the germination of musk and plumeless thistle achenes. The two species appear to occupy a somewhat similar role in the natural vegetation, and a direct comparison of germination characteristics was sought.

Penicillium Urticae Bainier Enumeration In Soils, Fred A. Norstadt, T. M. Mccalla

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Studies of stubble-mulched soils from three locations in Nebraska showed larger total counts (bacteria and actinomycetes) and fungi than in plowed soils. Penicilliurn urticae Bainier numbers increased in subtilled soil compared with either plowed soil or subtilled soil with crop residues removed.** P. urticae B. produces patulin, a phytotoxic substance. This organism is regarded as one of the possible sources of the toxicity problem arising in stubble mulching. Penicillium expansum Link and patulin were studied in the apple replant problem.

The purpose of this paper is to present methods to estimate P. urticae B. numbers in soils and demonstrate patulin …

Soil Surveys In Kentucky, Harry Hudson Bailey, Robert L. Blevins

Agronomy Notes

Soil surveys are a scientific inventory of the soil and land resources of an area. They locate the different kinds of soils and provide information as to their physical and chemical properties. The surveys also contain tables and charts showing the use of the soils for agriculture, engineering, community development, recreational areas, woodland, and wildlife.

Today there is some type of soil survey activity in every county. The University has cooperative soil survey arrangements with the USDA Soil Conservation Service and the U. S. Forest Service.

Irrigating Corn On Well-Drained, Limestone-Derived Soils, John L. Ragland, J. C. Redman

Agronomy Notes

In trying to determine if it would pay Kentucky farmers to irrigate corn, one of the most important steps is to ascertain the long-time average yield increases to be expected from supplemental irrigation. The yield data reported below are the results of an experiment applicable for a fairly large group of soils occurring in Kentucky.

Absence Of Dominance Of The Cu Gene In Influencing O-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Content In Melilotus Alba, Francis A. Haskins, H. J. Gorz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The average content of o-hydroxycinnamic acid in sweetclover plants of the Cucu genotype was 36% of the level found in CuCu plants. Thus, the level of o-hydroxycinnamic acid in the F₂ was more like the content of the cucu parent than that of the Cucu parent, indicating that cu was partially dominant over Cu. The calculated value for the degree of dominance of cu over Cu was +0.299. The partial dominance of the cu gene provides an explanation for the difficulty experienced in classifying plants in segregating populations.

Grain Sorghum Performance, C. R. Tutt, J. F. Shane

Agronomy Notes

Twenty-five grain sorghum hybrids and one variety planted May 22 were evaluated at the Western Kentucky Substation at Princeton for yield, plant height, date headed, head type and moisture. They were also evaluated at Lexington for bird damage and at the Robinson Substation for MDM.

Sweetclover-Weevil Feeding Deterrent B: Isolation And Identification, W. R. Akeson, H.J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Deterrent B, a compound apparently involved in the resistance of Melilotus infesta to the sweetclover weevil Sitona cylindricollis, has been isolated from leaves by a combination of preparative paper chromatography, sublimation, and crystallization. The compound has been identified as ammonium nitrate. Isolated deterrent B and ammonium nitrate have identical feeding deterrent activities. Although the deterrent principle was isolated as the ammonium salt, nitrate ion is probably responsible for the deterrent activity in vivo.

Behavior Of Pesticides In Plants, Logan A. Norris

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

A number of chemicals of diverse characteristics have arbitrarily been classed together on the basis of their use and given the descriptive name "pesticides. " An unfortunate aura of mystery has developed about these chemicals. However, there is nothing unique or mysterious about the chemicals we refer to as "pesticides." Like other chemicals, they have properties which can be accurately measured; they obey all the laws of physics, chemistry, and biology.

Life Cycle Studies With Musk Thistle, M. K. Mccarty, C. J. Scifres

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Musk thistle (Carduus nutans L.) was added to the Nebraska noxious weed list in 1959. The objectives of this study were: (a) to determine the normal life cycle of musk thistle in Nebraska; (b) to determine the variations from the normal life cycle of musk thistle; and (c) to furnish a summary of the phenology for musk thistle in southeastern Nebraska. Observations are used freely throughout the text to describe morphological variations occurring within musk thistle that are not easily quantified.

Predicted Versus Measured Production Differences Using Summer Air Conditioning For Lactating Dairy Cows, Leroy Hahn

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Predicted summer production losses were made for Holstein cows in three widely separated locations in the United States where field investigations of air conditioning for dairy barns have been completed. These losses, based on a functional relationship developed from Missouri Climatic Laboratory data and local climatological data, were compared to the measured losses at each location. Correlation of losses for Holstein cows varied from excellent in northern Ohio to good in southern Louisiana and central Missouri. Variations due to hotter- or cooler-than-normal summer seasons and level of production were reasonable at all locations.

Soil And Plant Water Studies On Wheat Summary Of Results 1969/70, D Tennant

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Location

Trials were carried out within a radius of 5 miles of

Tammin on the properties of Messrs P. York and B. Nottage.

Sites represented deep sand, sandy loam, sand/clay and grey

clay soil types.

Cropping Investigations, M L. Poole

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The Mexican semi-dwarf wheat varieties have performed very well under high fertility conditions overseas. There is considerable evidence that they have greater potential for yield than the Australia spring varieties because of greater number of flowers set per spikelet. In this trial Falcon and Pitic were grown under almost optimal conditions for dryland wheat growing in Western Australia. The trial was planted early (21st May) into a completely weed free seedbed. Nutrition was near optimal. Seasonal conditions were near perfect. Grain yields were extremely high for Western Australia. Pities reputed superior potential for yield/unit area was not expressed under these …