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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Influence Of Rising Atmospheric Co2 On Grassland Ecosystems, J. A. Morgan, P. C. D. Newton, J. Nösberger, C. E. Owensby
The Influence Of Rising Atmospheric Co2 On Grassland Ecosystems, J. A. Morgan, P. C. D. Newton, J. Nösberger, C. E. Owensby
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climatic change will have significant effects on the ecology of grasslands. This paper evaluates results from four CO2 enrichment studies in contrasting grasslands. A Swiss study investigates the effects of elevated CO2 (600 μL L-1 CO2) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L), a New Zealand study examines how elevated CO2 (475 μL L-1 CO2) affects a botanically diverse pasture, and studies in the Kansas tallgrass prairie and the Colorado shortgrass steppe investigate the effects of an approximate …
Participatory Management Of Rangeland Hydrology – A New Socio-Ecological Technology To Effectively Adapt To And Mitigate Climate Change: Case From Morocco, Lhoussaine Bouchaou, El Hassane El Mahdad, El Hassan Beraaouz, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Alessandro Rizzo, Mohamed Hssaisoune, Hanane Reddad, Abdelghani Chehbouni, Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald
Participatory Management Of Rangeland Hydrology – A New Socio-Ecological Technology To Effectively Adapt To And Mitigate Climate Change: Case From Morocco, Lhoussaine Bouchaou, El Hassane El Mahdad, El Hassan Beraaouz, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Alessandro Rizzo, Mohamed Hssaisoune, Hanane Reddad, Abdelghani Chehbouni, Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Morocco’s drylands cover over 90% of the land area; low and irregular rainfall and high potential evaporation contribute to extremely high-water deficits. These phenomena have greatly impacted rangeland hydrology and nomadic and transhumant pastoralism. To adapt to this predominant water deficit, the inhabitants of these areas have developed two forms of lifestyles, which include household and livestock mobility: (i) a pendulum movement for seasonal transhumance between the mountains and their bordering plains; and (ii) random nomadic mobility regulated by the sporadic frequency of rains and thus water availability. In both cases, this mobility is controlled by the degree of development …
Producing Useful Knowledge For Sustainable Development, K. A. Galvin
Producing Useful Knowledge For Sustainable Development, K. A. Galvin
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Africa makes a relatively minor contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions compared with developed nations, yet the African continent will be increasingly vulnerable to climate change processes in the coming decades. Critical challenges include meeting basic needs for food, water, shelter, and other necessities without undermining biodiversity and ecosystem services. Coordination efforts to address multiple global change related stressors has generally occurred at the national level and taken an external approach, with national governments favoring collaboration with foreign-based NGOs and other international institutions. However, the involvement of actors at the local level correlates with decisions that are better adapted to …
Climate Change Policy Narratives And Pastoralist Predicaments In The Horn Of Africa: Insights From Ethiopia And Kenya, T. Campbell
Climate Change Policy Narratives And Pastoralist Predicaments In The Horn Of Africa: Insights From Ethiopia And Kenya, T. Campbell
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Drawing on the findings of a two-country case study, this paper examines the discourses and narratives found in contemporary climate change and national development policy in Ethiopia and Kenya, the actors shaping those policy narratives, and in turn, their consequences for pastoralism. The research reveals that while concerns around climate change and calls for strengthening resilience of dryland communities have given a new impetus to pastoral development, old arguments and assumptions that depict pastoral areas, and pastoralists, as unproductive and in need of modernisation remain deeply embedded in policy making. These open up spaces for the state, investors, and local …
Effect Of Drought Stress On Fibre Digestibility Of Corn For Silage, G. Ferreira, C. L. Teets, A. M. Kingori, J. O. Ondiek
Effect Of Drought Stress On Fibre Digestibility Of Corn For Silage, G. Ferreira, C. L. Teets, A. M. Kingori, J. O. Ondiek
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Limited information exists about the impact of drought stress on corn silage digestibility. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of irrigation on in situ NDF digestibility of corn tissues grown under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Five commercial corn hybrids were planted in pots and grown in a greenhouse. Pots were subjected to an abundant or restricted irrigation regime. Leaf blades and stem internodes were collected from the upper and bottom portion of each hybrid. Tissue samples were incubated in the rumen of 3 rumen-cannulated cows for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 240 …
Risk Of Climate-Related Impacts On Global Rangelands – A Review And Modelling Study, C. M. Godde, R. B. Boone, A. Ash, K. Waha, L. Sloat, P. Thornton, D. Mason-D’Croz, D. Mayberry, M. Herrero
Risk Of Climate-Related Impacts On Global Rangelands – A Review And Modelling Study, C. M. Godde, R. B. Boone, A. Ash, K. Waha, L. Sloat, P. Thornton, D. Mason-D’Croz, D. Mayberry, M. Herrero
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Climate change threatens the ability of global rangelands to provide food, support livelihoods and deliver important ecosystems services. The extent and magnitude of potential impacts are however poorly understood. In this study, we review the risk of climate impacts along the rangeland systems food supply chain. We also present results from biophysical modelling simulations and spatial data analyses to identify where and to what extent rangelands may be at climatic risk. Although a quantification of the net impacts of climate change on rangeland production systems is beyond the reach of our current understanding, there is strong evidence that there will …
Exploring Water Use And Production Dynamics Of Indigenous Protected Sikumi Forest In South Western Zimbabwe, O. Gwate
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Monitoring changes in carbon and water vapour fluxes over a landscape helps in understanding ecosystem functioning and improves vegetation management. To understand potential shifts in ecosystem functioning, MoDerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) evapotranspiration (ET), net photosynthesis, gross primary production and net primary production data were explored in Sikumi forest dominated by three species clusters (Teak forest woodland, Miombo woodland and savannah, and Vachellia). Measures of ecosystem stability including water use efficiency (WUE), rainfall use efficiency (RUE), evaporative index, and carbon use efficiency (CUE) were assessed for trends and step changes together with rainfall and evapotranspiration data. Miombo woodland and …
Temperate/Tropical Transition Zones: A Hotspot For Breeding Forages With Climate Resiliency, Kenneth H. Quesenberry, Esteban F. Rios, Kevin E. Kenworthy
Temperate/Tropical Transition Zones: A Hotspot For Breeding Forages With Climate Resiliency, Kenneth H. Quesenberry, Esteban F. Rios, Kevin E. Kenworthy
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Species resiliency to climate change is critical for sustainability of grassland agricultural systems. Transition zones between temperate and tropical climates (between 27 and 31° N and S latitude) with variable annual frost/freeze events have proven to be ideal zones for identification of species with variable climate adaptation. This paper will identify these regions around the globe and show how these regions offer distinct advantages in terms of selection for abiotic and biotic stresses, and thus resiliency to changing climate. Programs located in these regions have the advantage of exposure to alternating extreme warm and cold temperatures, drought and flood conditions, …
Livestock Diversity And Climate Change In Rangelands, Irene Hoffmann, Beate Scherf, David Boerma
Livestock Diversity And Climate Change In Rangelands, Irene Hoffmann, Beate Scherf, David Boerma
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Conserving Temperate Grasslands In Australia: Historical Constraints, Future Possibilities, Louise Gilfedder, Ian Lunt, John Morgan, Richard J. Williams
Conserving Temperate Grasslands In Australia: Historical Constraints, Future Possibilities, Louise Gilfedder, Ian Lunt, John Morgan, Richard J. Williams
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Media Analysis Of Coverage Of Environmental Issues In The Midst Of A Pandemic, Alexandria N. Miller, Lucia A. Bolles
Media Analysis Of Coverage Of Environmental Issues In The Midst Of A Pandemic, Alexandria N. Miller, Lucia A. Bolles
Thinking Matters Symposium
This research aimed to answer the question “has the coronavirus impacted the print media’s coverage of important environmental issues?” The research analyzed 2 different print newspapers - The New York Times and the Wall Street Journal - to determine if there was a change in coverage of environmental news as the coronavirus spread in the US. Data for stories published in the first four days of every month from March through September was compiled for 2019 and 2020. Our findings showed a 78.85% decrease in coverage of environmental issues between 2019 and 2020 when stories related to the coronavirus pandemic …
Climate Change's Destabilizing Impacts On Nigerian Economy Leaves Room For Boko Haram Expansion, Ellie Willard
Climate Change's Destabilizing Impacts On Nigerian Economy Leaves Room For Boko Haram Expansion, Ellie Willard
Student Research Symposium
The impacts of climate change in Nigeria are extending beyond changes in the weather, leading to huge changes in the lives of individual Nigerians, the Nigerian Government and Boko Haram, a terrorist organization. The reduction of the agricultural industry and the oil industry are going to create a welcoming environment for Boko Haram to grow. Unless changes are made to the Nigerian economic sector, the immediate impacts of climate change is likely to increase Boko Haram recruits. Presentation Time: Thursday, 11 a.m.-12 p.m.Zoom link: https://usu-edu.zoom.us/j/84125172996?pwd=aDlRb3dhU3AyUzR2eXNMRytZWmF3dz09
Human-Accelerated Biodiversity Loss During Climate Change Threatens Human Health & Food Security, Miles Robertson
Human-Accelerated Biodiversity Loss During Climate Change Threatens Human Health & Food Security, Miles Robertson
Student Research Symposium
Humans have been the single most impactful species to the biosphere for the past few thousand years. Usually, consequences of human-caused ecological changes come about on a time scale larger than our normal cause-and-effect perception allows. However, with the onset of climate change, the effects of human-accelerated biodiversity loss are set to expose vulnerabilities in human health and food security. My research explores three arenas in which climate change is set to exacerbate the effects of biodiversity loss: zoonotic disease, US corn crops, and the Chinese fishing industry. Presentation Time: Wednesday, 1-2 p.m. Zoom link: https://usu-edu.zoom.us/j/87892002075?pwd=Ym1Tcy9NOVhaaGZWczZWY1JCL3owUT09
Space Solar Power Mitigates Climate Change, Tests Global Energy Markets And Space Policies, Sierra Kline
Space Solar Power Mitigates Climate Change, Tests Global Energy Markets And Space Policies, Sierra Kline
Student Research Symposium
The harnessing of space solar power (SSP) has dynamic and disruptive potential in three connected threat categories: energy security (both from insecure sources and from depleting resources,) climate change, and the erosion of US space dominance and related reduction in international space security. GHG levels require a drastic shift from fossil fuels to renewables, yet current renewable systems (hydro, wind, solar,) are not capable of supporting the projected increases in energy needs going into the mid 21st century. SSP would provide a solution to the lack of stable energy sources that are proving disastrous in many parts of the world …
Functional Complementation Of The Ppgcn4 And Ppnhx2 Genes In Arabidopsis Thaliana To Study Salt Tolerance, Amanda Moravek
Functional Complementation Of The Ppgcn4 And Ppnhx2 Genes In Arabidopsis Thaliana To Study Salt Tolerance, Amanda Moravek
Student Research Symposium
Climate change induces unexpected weather and causes abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. These stresses negatively affect crop growth and production. Additionally, a steady increase in the world population has been leading to higher food demand. Therefore, the development of more stress-resilient crops is essential to combat these problems. One such stress is a salinity that affects crop production. Almond is a salt-sensitive crop, so there is a need to identify salt-tolerant almond rootstocks. AtGCN4 is a novel gene that was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana to play a significant role in host-pathogen interaction and drought tolerance when overexpressed. The preliminary …
Microbial Community Of The Rhizosphere Of Ceanothus Velutinus Improves The Plant's Growth And Development Under Greenhouse Conditions, Jyothsna Ganesh
Microbial Community Of The Rhizosphere Of Ceanothus Velutinus Improves The Plant's Growth And Development Under Greenhouse Conditions, Jyothsna Ganesh
Student Research Symposium
Climatic change-induced environmental stresses affect crop production. Drought is such a stress which affect crop production and landscaping adversely. Native plants are great for low water use landscaping and can adapt to the natural environment. USU Center for Water-Efficient Landscaping has released a list of native plants that can be used for this purpose. This study focuses on a native plant Ceanothus velutinus (snowbrush) which is an evergreen plant native to western North America. It thrives well in harsh conditions and can act as ornamental plant in low water use landscaping but is difficult to propagate under landscape conditions. Here, …
Isolation & Identification Of Bacteria From The Rhizosphere Of Native Plant, Ceanothus Velutinus, And Their Potential As Biofertilizers, Katherine Webb, Hayden Johns
Isolation & Identification Of Bacteria From The Rhizosphere Of Native Plant, Ceanothus Velutinus, And Their Potential As Biofertilizers, Katherine Webb, Hayden Johns
Student Research Symposium
Due to the ever-changing climate, plants face stressors that limit their growth. Therefore it is vital to find new ways to protect plants from biotic and abiotic stressors such as pathogen infection, drought, heavy metal poisoning, and salinity. With an increasing population, limiting the effects of stress on plant growth and development for agriculture is vital. One approach to this is focusing on beneficial plant-microbe interaction, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). These bacteria are found in the rhizosphere- the soil that is attached to the roots of a plant. Various PGPRs share a symbiotic relationship with plants and help …
Comparative Study Of The Microbiome Of The Native Plant Ceanothus Velutinus (Snowbrush) From Different Locations And Greenhouse Studies, Jyothsna Ganesh
Comparative Study Of The Microbiome Of The Native Plant Ceanothus Velutinus (Snowbrush) From Different Locations And Greenhouse Studies, Jyothsna Ganesh
Student Research Symposium
Climatic change is one of the biggest threats to the ecosystem and biodiversity by enhancing environmental stresses. Environmental stresses such as biotic and abiotic stresses affect plant health and reduce crop production. The rhizosphere microbiome of a plant plays a significant role in a plant's defense against various biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we are investigating the microbiome diversity of bulk soil, rhizosphere, and endosphere of Ceanothus velutinus, snowbrush. Ceanothus is an evergreen native plant that is usually found in dry areas and thrives well in harsh conditions. The snowbrush samples were collected from different locations 1920m, 1950m, …
Pheonolgy And Climate Change In The Tw Daniel Experimental Forest Meadow, Elise Riley
Pheonolgy And Climate Change In The Tw Daniel Experimental Forest Meadow, Elise Riley
Student Research Symposium
As the earth’s climate warms many plant species are experiencing phenological stages (the timing of their seasonal life cycle events) earlier than they previously have. Dangers of phenological stages occurring earlier in the year include a greater risk of frost kill and the possibility of the speciation of already small populations, both of which could make species more susceptible to extinction. This research focused on determining if meadow forb species within Utah State University’s TW Daniel Experimental Forest (TWDEF) have experienced earlier phenology -specifically, earlier flowering dates- over the past 52 years. Historical phenological data was obtained from journals kept …
Climate Change's Impacts May Necessitate Innovative Delivery Models In Us Healthcare Systems, Max Mauldin
Climate Change's Impacts May Necessitate Innovative Delivery Models In Us Healthcare Systems, Max Mauldin
Student Research Symposium
Medicaid is a federal programs within the US whose goal is to provide healthcare to vulnerable populations such as low-income adults, children, pregnant women, older adults and persons with disabilities. These groups are also some of the same groups found to be most at risk for vulnerability to and exposure to effects of climate change, such as “heat waves, extreme weather events, poor air quality, food safety, infectious diseases, and psychological stressors that can arise from these experiences. As climate change and its effects continue to worsen financial strain will be place on states’ Medicaid programs because of the exacerbating …
Loved By People And The Environment: The Future Of Green Building Design, Marley Jackson
Loved By People And The Environment: The Future Of Green Building Design, Marley Jackson
Student Research Symposium
CO2 levels have been rising exponentially for the last several years accounting for the increase in global warming and causing major climate changes across the world. When analyzing how to remove extra carbon from being emitted into the atmosphere, we often think of transportation in finding alternative fuel sources, but what about the spaces we spend almost 90 percent of our time in? Buildings account for 39 percent of CO2 released in the United States, which is more than any other sector. The United States has the second highest emission in the world. We have designed buildings without thinking of …
Isolation Of Halotolerant Bacteria From The Rhizosphere Of Ceanothus Velutinus May Lead To Contributions In Plant Health In Saline Conditions, Jacob Davis
Student Research Symposium
As global temperatures have been steadily rising in the past few decades, soil salinity has been steadily increasing in many parts of the world as well. This increase in salinity has proven detrimental and especially challenging for many plant species. The soil directly in contact with the roots of plants is known as the rhizosphere. The rhizosphere hosts plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR plays a significant role in a plant's ability to deal with stressors such as drought, heavy metal contamination, and extreme cold temperatures. Native plants are known to show versatility to these stressors as well. One such native …
Terminal Lakes And Climate Change: Averting Catastrophe Dependent Upon Intervention Efficacy, Andrew Walker
Terminal Lakes And Climate Change: Averting Catastrophe Dependent Upon Intervention Efficacy, Andrew Walker
Student Research Symposium
Terminal Lakes will drastically be affected by climate change. The Caspian Sea, by conservative estimates will drop 30 ft by the end of the century with minimal intervention uncovering an area the size of Portugal, concentrating the current ecological hardship, country conflict, and business contraction. Geoengineering, specifically Solar Radiation Management, poses a significant boon in limiting the damage with an injection of aerosols into the stratosphere to reflect the Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere to lower temperatures and reduce evaporation. So far, because of limits placed on field testing by the UN, there has been limited testing outside simulation of …
Bolstering Southeast Asia's Livestock Biosecurity And Climate Change Resilience Essential For Global Health, Madelyn Kunzler
Bolstering Southeast Asia's Livestock Biosecurity And Climate Change Resilience Essential For Global Health, Madelyn Kunzler
Student Research Symposium
A large factor of climate change is its effect on infectious zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are diseases that can be transferred from animals into humans. Cases of zoonotic diseases have increased as humans have interacted more with animals, and as worldwide travel has become more frequent. It is predicted that 60% of emerging human diseases will be zoonotic. The cases will continue to increase to due climate change. As climate change continues, research has shown that new diseases will emerge from the melting permafrost and ice caps. It is also likely that pre-existing diseases will be able to migrate to …
Sustainability Of Genetically Modified (Gm) Crops, Abdul Hakeem, Wajid Ali Shah
Sustainability Of Genetically Modified (Gm) Crops, Abdul Hakeem, Wajid Ali Shah
CBER Conference
This proposal identifies the methods used in the modification of crops, their production, modification, expansion, benefits, and carbon emission. Moreover, the special focus of this proposal is to explain the need for GM crops for developing nations which are witnessing exponential growth of their populations. Additionally, it pursues to determine how in the environmental and economic context, the significance of GM crops is overwhelming and cannot be overlooked. The greenhouse ePect reduction is the other essential output of the GM crops as shown through the illustrations.